Two kaempferol glycosides were isolated from green tea seed extract (GTSE). After conducting a structure analysis, these two compounds were identified as kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (compound 1) and kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-alpha-L-rhanmopyranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (compound 2). These two compounds were hydrolysed by o-glycolytic enzymes for the production of kaempferol. After performing several reactions, we found the optimum enzyme combination, a reaction with beta-galactosidase and hesperidinase. Finally, we produced kaempferol of above 95% purity. The 5alpha-reductase inhibition activities of GTSE hydrolysate (GTSE-H) containing kaempferol were evaluated by the contact cell-based metabolic method using a stable HEK 293 cell line. GTSE-H showed a good inhibition effect on HEK 293 cell lines both type 1 and type 2 on 5alpha-reductase. Especially, GTSE-H inhibited type 2 with kaempferol content dependency. The results indicate that the inhibition activity of hydrolysate on 5alpha-reductase type 2 increases in accordance with kaempferol content.

As HPV is a sexually transmitted virus, men are crucial in the prevention of cervical cancer, but research about men’s awareness on cervical cancer is limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated men’s awareness toward women’s cervical cancer, to thoroughly understand the viewpoints of men, and to emphasize the centrality of the role of men in the prevention of cervical cancer. A qualitative descriptive design was chosen to explore men’s awareness of women’s cervical cancer. Twelve men aged 20–58 were interviewed. Snowball sampling was conducted to recruit participants. Most participants stated that they were not interested in women’s health, and that they did not have much knowledge about cause and prevention of cervical cancer. They acknowledged that cervical cancer was different from other cancers, based on cause and prognosis of disease. The recognition of cervical cancer in participants varied widely depending on their relationship with women. Respondents’ recognition of cervical cancer was classified into four types based on a Situational Awareness (SA) model including individual factors (knowledge about cervical cancer, interest in women’s health) and system/task factors (relationship with women, men’s responsibility). This study is one of the few studies describing men’s awareness on cervical cancer. Korean men’s awareness level was low, and their concern and knowledge were not good. Some participants thought that cervical cancer can be treated, can be prevented, and is recognized as a disease of a female with men intervening. Our participants perceived that the role of men is necessary for the prevention of cervical cancer. Therefore, a strategy is needed to develop the awareness and knowledge of men on cervical cancer prevention. When planning cervical cancer education for men, phase and type-specific approaches are required, depending on perception level.

Lee EM, et al. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2018 Dec;24(5):375-386. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.5.375

The fastest aging society with the lowest fertility rate can be buffered by support for healthy pregnancies using sociocultural approaches. We aimed to address adult perceptions of a healthy pregnancy and explored their needs and concerns about childbirth across the lifespan. We conducted a qualitative study using content analysis to investigate general perceptions of a healthy pregnancy after focus-group interviews with adult men and women. We interviewed 60 participants in nine group sessions of 5 to 8 people per group. Three major themes emerged that affect healthy pregnancies: Taking responsibility for a prepared pregnancy, factors that interfere with a healthy pregnancy, and improving strategies for a healthy pregnancy. For the first theme, the two main concerns were financial and parenthood preparation. Factors interfering with a healthy pregnancy had direct and indirect causes, considering personal, social, and cultural changes. Strategies for a healthy pregnancy included family and workplace support, systematic education, and governmental support for financial preparation and health screening. Participants averred that various kinds of support (financial, healthcare, and career) are needed for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. This public awareness could promote better decisions toward healthy pregnancy with more sociocultural approaches in the various settings of home, school, and the workplace.

Purpose: Accreditation has become obligatory for long-term care hospitals and the process can affect 'job stress' and 'burnout resilience' among nurses in these hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine how these factors are related among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: Participants were 88 nurses working in J province long-term care hospitals which had received accreditation within the past one year. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection which was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 Window Program for descriptive statistics, t-test, one way-ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Mean scores were for 'Recognition of healthcare accreditation', 3.41±0.50 of a possible 5, for 'job stress', 3.10±0.47 and for 'burnout resilience', 3.46±0.48. 'Recognition of healthcare accreditation' showed a significant negative correlation with 'job stress' and a significant positive correlation with 'burnout resilience' among nurses. 'Job stress' had a significant negative correlation with 'burnout resilience' of nurses. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 'burnout resilience' can play an important role in decreasing 'job stress' and promoting 'recognition of healthcare accreditation'. Developing systematic training programs and institutional support systems are necessary so that nurses face less job stress and develop more burnout resilience and can better recognize the importance of healthcare accreditation.