(1) Background: Childhood fever is a frequent reason for health care visits. Parents are worried about fever and its complications and show variation between their knowledge about managing fever and real practice, which are affected by many factors and beliefs. This study aimed to assess knowledge of Egyptian mothers about fever of preschool children and its domestic management and the relation between them and to identify sociodemographic factors affecting mothers’ knowledge and practice. (2) Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric outpatient clinic at Zagazig University Hospitals among 297 mothers with preschool children. A structured questionnaire consisting of three parts assessed the sociodemographic characteristics, mothers’ knowledge about childhood fever, and its management practices. (3) Results: 37.7% of mothers had good knowledge about childhood fever, and 23.9% showed good management practices. Young mothers, less number of children, high education, sufficient income, and good knowledge were the significant predictors of domestic management practices towards childhood fever. (4) Conclusions: The Egyptian mothers showed insufficient levels of knowledge and domestic management practices towards preschool childhood fever. Health education interventions should be targeted to mothers to improve their knowledge and practice.

Introduction: Social distancing is principally intended to reduce infectious disease transmission by decreasing interactions among people in a broader community. Keeping social distancing is an essential public health measure to resist the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: a cross sectional study was conducted among 1,036 Egyptians using an online questionnaire between 5 and 10 May 2020. Results: There was significant association between the practice of social distancing and some sociodemographic factors as sex, age, education, working status, and place of residence at p value < 0.001 and with community of residence at p value 0.021. Conclusions: Egyptians had good perception for social distancing to prevent transmission of COVID 19, but they were not strictly practicing it.

Objective: To evaluate the audiologists' attitudes and practice towards teleaudiology, as well as to assess the audiological services provided in Egypt and Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 112 audiologists who were recruited through convenience sampling . Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between practice of tele audiology as a dependent variable and some independent variables. Results: 25.4% of the studied sample were practicing tele audiology. Participants' age and attitude toward telemedicine were the independent predictors of tele audiology practice at p value < 0.05.Conclusion: The tele audiology practice is essential. Therefore, raising the knowledge of audiologist about the great value of practicing tele audiology is very important, infrastructure, equipment, and technology especially telecommunication should be improved and facilitated for both audiologist and patients.(c) 2021 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are considered a growing problem among healthcare personnel, especially service workers. The emergency room (ER) service workers are highly exposed to work-related risk factors which predispose them to MSDs. A cross-sectional study was performed on 78 ER workers. Full medical and occupational histories were taken. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) was used for the assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms. Clinical examination was done with special emphasis on the locomotors system, and serum levels of muscle enzymes, including creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM), were measured. The study aims to detect the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among ER workers at University hospitals, and assessment of CK-MM as a biomarker used in the early detection of MSDs. We found that 71.8% of the participants were complaining of musculoskeletal disorder in the last 7 days before the study, while only 34.6% were complaining of musculoskeletal disorder in the last 12 months before the study. The knee joint was the most commonly affected site in the past 7 days, by 39.7%. On the other hand, the highest prevalent disorder in the last 12 months was for the ankle joint (17.9%) with significantly high levels of serum CK-MM. In conclusion, musculoskeletal injuries are a common complaint among healthcare occupations, especially among ER service workers that need regular health education and ergonomic training programs. Monitoring of serum CK-MM level with cut-off value 90 ng\ml could be used as a novel approach for the early detection of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors among students of age 13 - 18 years. Methods: Design: Community-based cross sectional survey. Setting: Two schools were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Sampling: Cluster sampling of all enrolled students (550 students). Outcome Measures: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD), parathyroid hormone and calcium. Data was collected about nutritional intake, physical activity and lifestyle variables that are potential risk factors for hypovitaminosis D. Results: Hypovitaminosis D prevalence was 23.8 %, of which 5.3 % was deficiency and 18.5 % insufficiency. Serum 25 OHD levels inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone levels (r = -0.206, P = 0.00). Low calcium and ionized calcium levels were 40.6 % and 45.9 %, respectively, and significantly correlated with vitamin D levels. Female students have significantly higher levels of hypovitaminosis D compared to males (29.3 % to 15.0 %, respectively) and the level of vitamin D significantly improved with increased age. Exposure to sun had a significant effect on vitamin D levels, and physical activity, soft drink consumption and smoking did not. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that age, sun exposure and Ca level were the only significant independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D among the studied group. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that hypovitaminosis D is a prevalent health problem in adolescents, especially girls, who were at higher risk, and increased age and sun exposure improved vitamin D status among the studied group. There is therefore a need to consider vitamin D supplementation for school children together with increased awareness through a health education program.

Background and objectives: SLE is a debilitating chronic disease that affects patient's quality of life. Besides its tendency to affects female more than male, SLE has very annoying skin manifestations, also it affects patients' body weight and has psychiatric and emotional impacts. SLE has a very bad impact on body image by various ways; , it causes emotional effects such as anxiety and depressive mood. So in our study, we aimed to evaluate SLE impacts on BI acceptance and on patient's quality of life. Methods: our study conducted on 39 SLE patients and 39 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Patients were assessed by clinical examination, musculoskeletal and SLEDAI-2K score for disease activity. All participants evaluated by World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale and The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) which is a semi-structured clinical interview designed to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder and to measure symptoms of severely negative body image. Results: A significant differences between cases and controls were evident in body image and physical domain of QOL at p value 0.00 and 0.002 respectively. Insignificant associations were detected between body image and disease related factors, p value > 0.05. A significant correlation between body image and psychological and environment domains of quality of life in cases group at p value 0.006 and 0.009 respectively. Conclusion: SLE affects patients' body image acceptance and physical element of patient's quality of life with impact of body dysmorphic disorders on psychological and environment domains of quality of life.