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Previous relevant studies on theme parks lack an exploration of various tourism attributes, e.g., recreational facilities, themes, wait times, fast pass drawings, and pricing, etc., all of which inspired the research motivation of this study. First, the Choice Experiment (CE) method explores tourists’ preferences for theme park attributes. Second, the Conditional Logit (CL) and Random Parameter Logit (RPL) models explore the differences in tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for various attributes from the perspective of their socioeconomic background. We used purposive sampling to survey questionnaire answers face-to-face in Taiwan, and a total of 680 questionnaires were issued, of which, 549 copies are valid, with an effective recovery rate of 80.7%. The research findings suggest the following: (1) The most valued theme park attributes for consumers are the recreational facilities, followed by theme characteristics, and fast pass drawing. (2) Regarding the respondents’ WTP for various attributes, they are willing to pay the highest price for thrilling recreational facilities, then for unlimited fast pass services, and cartoon character themes. (3) Respondents believe that if thrilling recreational facilities and fast pass drawing are available at the same time, then the overall effectiveness will be improved. (4) Respondents relatively have no purchase intention for fast pass drawing. It is hoped that the research findings can provide theme park operators reference basis for making plans and decisions.
Min-Yen Chang; Yi-Sheng Hsu; Han-Shen Chen. Choice Experiment Method for Sustainable Tourism in Theme Parks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7146 .
AMA StyleMin-Yen Chang, Yi-Sheng Hsu, Han-Shen Chen. Choice Experiment Method for Sustainable Tourism in Theme Parks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin-Yen Chang; Yi-Sheng Hsu; Han-Shen Chen. 2021. "Choice Experiment Method for Sustainable Tourism in Theme Parks." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7146.
Amid the trend of sustainable development, reducing food waste is a global concern and campaigns to reduce food waste have been launched. For example, the term “food sharing” has originated from Germany and promotes sharing food instead of wasting. “The Guerilla Kitchen”, which originated from Netherlands, is an organization that also promotes avoiding wasting food. Consequently, more and more people are paying attention on this issue and we think it is necessary to understand people’s acceptance of suboptimal food, as discarded suboptimal food represents a significant proportion of food waste. Additionally, at least one-third of the food globally produced each year is classified as suboptimal and cannot be sold in the market because of a poor appearance, damaged packaging, or near expiration date, thus presenting challenges for environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Previous studies on suboptimal food have focused more on appearances and packaging dates and less on investigating traceable agricultural and price discounts, which is where food classified as suboptimal entails a discount. Moreover, citrus product attributes such as appearance, size, freshness indicators, traceable agricultural products, and price discounts were determined in terms of consumer preference through pre-measurement here, then using a choice experiment method to clarify which attributes consumers care about most (N = 485 respondents). Conditional logistic regression and a random parameter logit model (RPL) are employed to examine the various properties of a marginal willingness to pay (WTP). RPL was also used to deduce the respondents’ choices based on differences in appearance and freshness indicator. The results showed that consumers place greater emphasis on the freshness indicators (harvesting/packaging date labels) and appearance of suboptimal citrus fruits but do not focus on the size. Consumers are willing to purchase citrus fruit with a flawed appearance, although the price needs to be reduced from the original price. Although suboptimal food does not reduce health, people may still not buy it and this result in food wastage. As a result, it is essential to increase awareness regarding suboptimal foods and reduce food waste to support sustainable development.
Wen-Shin Huang; Hung-Yu Kuo; Shi-Yuan Tung; Han-Shen Chen. Assessing Consumer Preferences for Suboptimal Food: Application of a Choice Experiment in Citrus Fruit Retail. Foods 2020, 10, 15 .
AMA StyleWen-Shin Huang, Hung-Yu Kuo, Shi-Yuan Tung, Han-Shen Chen. Assessing Consumer Preferences for Suboptimal Food: Application of a Choice Experiment in Citrus Fruit Retail. Foods. 2020; 10 (1):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Shin Huang; Hung-Yu Kuo; Shi-Yuan Tung; Han-Shen Chen. 2020. "Assessing Consumer Preferences for Suboptimal Food: Application of a Choice Experiment in Citrus Fruit Retail." Foods 10, no. 1: 15.
With the advent of the Online to Offline (O2O) era, the rise of various food delivery platforms not only provides consumers with more choices, but also allows restaurant operators to reach more potential consumers and increase their additional revenue. This study is based on theory of planned behavior (TPB), and includes the ‘utilitarian value’ and ‘hedonic value’ as research variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to verify the research hypotheses, and to analyze consumers’ purchase intentions toward online food delivery platforms. An online survey was also conducted, and a total of 1300 questionnaires were distributed. After excluding invalid questionnaires with incomplete answers, a total of 1082 questionnaires were deemed valid, and the effective recovery rate was 83.23%. The research results were as follows: (1) the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of consumers will have a significant positive effect on utilitarian value and hedonic value; (2) the utilitarian and hedonic values have a significant positive effect on purchase intention; and (3) the utilitarian and hedonic values have a mediating effect on attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and purchase intention. Based on the above results, food delivery platform operators can identify the key factors that drive consumers to use their services in order to formulate effective management strategies and create greater business opportunities for their organizations.
Han-Shen Chen; Chia-Hsing Liang; Shu-Yi Liao; Hung-Yu Kuo. Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions toward Food Delivery Platform Services. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10177 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen, Chia-Hsing Liang, Shu-Yi Liao, Hung-Yu Kuo. Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions toward Food Delivery Platform Services. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen; Chia-Hsing Liang; Shu-Yi Liao; Hung-Yu Kuo. 2020. "Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions toward Food Delivery Platform Services." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10177.
As climate change, food crises, sustainable development, and ecological conservation gain traction, the revival of traditional fishing villages has become an important governmental policy for Taiwan. To reduce cognitive bias, the choice experiment method was applied to construct an attribute function in fishing village tourism coupled with virtual reality headsets. Conditional logit and random parameter logit models were employed to estimate tourism utility functions. Moreover, a latent class model was employed to determine whether hetxerogeneous preferences regarding fishing village travel existed. The sampling sites were distributed across the Dongshi area. In total, 612 tourists and 170 local residents were interviewed. After incomplete questionnaires were removed, 816 valid questionnaires remained, representing 95.83% of the total questionnaires. Older residents and residents with shorter histories of education were inclined to increase land development and utilization by reducing natural landscapes; tourists preferred preserving landscapes and preventing land development. Residents with more education believed that local landscape imagery was essential. Tourists who were more educated, with high incomes, and those who were older believed that a selling platform incorporating local industries and products within the villages would be attractive for other tourists.
Han-Shen Chen. The Construction and Validation of a Sustainable Tourism Development Evaluation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7306 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen. The Construction and Validation of a Sustainable Tourism Development Evaluation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen. 2020. "The Construction and Validation of a Sustainable Tourism Development Evaluation Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7306.
Green consumption is an emerging environmental topic receiving global attention. Because livestock production is a primary source of greenhouse gas emission, the “low-carbon diet” has become a new trend in the catering industry. Fast food companies have been launching vegetarian products because artificial meat requires less water and land resources than traditional livestock and has lower carbon emissions. This study explores the influence of consumers’ attitude, subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on their purchase intention for vegetarian burgers from the product knowledge (PK) and environmental concern (EC) perspectives. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the purchase intention of people from different food cultures to pay for fast food burgers is discussed. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed, of which 436 were valid. The results revealed that: (1) consumers’ SNs, PBC, and EC significantly affect purchase intention (PI), and SNs and PK have no significant relationship with PI; and (2) vegetarians are willing to pay higher prices than nonvegetarians. This study recommends that industry personnel should attempt to increase consumers’ knowledge regarding artificial meat and expand marketing channels to improve the convenience of purchasing artificial meat foods by conducting lectures and media promotion, respectively.
You-Cheng Shen; Han-Shen Chen. Exploring Consumers’ Purchase Intention of an Innovation of the Agri-Food Industry: A Case of Artificial Meat. Foods 2020, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleYou-Cheng Shen, Han-Shen Chen. Exploring Consumers’ Purchase Intention of an Innovation of the Agri-Food Industry: A Case of Artificial Meat. Foods. 2020; 9 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou-Cheng Shen; Han-Shen Chen. 2020. "Exploring Consumers’ Purchase Intention of an Innovation of the Agri-Food Industry: A Case of Artificial Meat." Foods 9, no. 6: 1.
Internationally, there is increasing recognition of the importance of proper diet values and habits, a balanced intake of healthy food products, and rates of obesity control encompassing information on fat content and calories. In this context, some beverage manufacturers have shifted to marketing their products as having fewer calories and more functional benefits. This study aims to develop an extended value–attitude–behavior (VAB) research model that includes three constructs, namely, cue to action, self-efficacy, and health orientation, to explore the impacts of university students’ health values on their purchase intentions concerning functional beverages. The results indicated that university students’ interest in functional beverages was significantly affected by their health values. Besides, both interests in functional beverages and health orientation were significant predictors of purchase intention, while cue to action and self-efficacy were not. Based on these results, enhancing consumers’ education about food security is suggested. Furthermore, the findings provide crucial insights for marketing channels, suggesting the beverage industry can target consumers’ health values concerning health beverages as the key to purchase intention and attract business by developing practical marketing strategies.
Hsiao-Ping Chang; Chun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen. The Impacts of Young Consumers’ Health Values on Functional Beverages Purchase Intentions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3479 .
AMA StyleHsiao-Ping Chang, Chun-Chieh Ma, Han-Shen Chen. The Impacts of Young Consumers’ Health Values on Functional Beverages Purchase Intentions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Ping Chang; Chun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen. 2020. "The Impacts of Young Consumers’ Health Values on Functional Beverages Purchase Intentions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3479.
In Mainland China, major food security incidents have occurred with high frequency, of which the number and degree of harm are both increasing. At the same time, Taiwan’s food security crisis has also been spreading. For these reasons, this article makes a comparative analysis of food security issues between Mainland China and Taiwan from a legal point of view and identifies the blind spots of the legal system and supervision using official documents and research papers regarding the most typical incidents in the period of 2008–2019. The results indicate that, compared with Mainland China, Taiwan has a better food security supervision system, and its experience with the supervision system, specific rules, social supervision, and responsibility is worth investigating. However, while there are loopholes in criminal law in Mainland China, which has not formed a complete system, criminal law in Taiwan is also weak in terms of regulation of food security incidents. Based on the results, this article puts forward suggestions with the expectation that, in the face of an increasingly severe food security crisis, Mainland China and Taiwan will strengthen their cooperation in constructing legal systems for food security supervision and inspection, exchange experience, cooperate in inspection, and share food security information to avoid rumors of food insecurity circulating in popular science. It is expected that the results and suggestions of this study will be helpful in the crisis response, as well as in the supervision systems in Mainland China and Taiwan for guarding food security. Although the comparative analysis is specific to the two regions, its characteristics are typical of food security globally, especially in Asia.
Chun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen; Hsiao-Ping Chang. Crisis Response and Supervision System for Food Security: A Comparative Analysis between Mainland China and Taiwan. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3045 .
AMA StyleChun-Chieh Ma, Han-Shen Chen, Hsiao-Ping Chang. Crisis Response and Supervision System for Food Security: A Comparative Analysis between Mainland China and Taiwan. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):3045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen; Hsiao-Ping Chang. 2020. "Crisis Response and Supervision System for Food Security: A Comparative Analysis between Mainland China and Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 3045.
The proliferation of Internet has accelerated the dissemination of information, which has given birth to the term “Internet meme”. Social network is one of the pivotal media in spreading an Internet meme. Marketers utilize Internet memes to carry out marketing activities to significantly improve their Internet exposure. We thus verify whether consumers generate purchase intention after being attracted to an Internet meme, as no such research prevails. We employ the value–attitude–behavior model as its theoretical core and discuss how the values formed by consumers under the impact of an Internet meme influence their purchasing behaviors through their attitudes. The participants of the study are Internet users who are habitual to checking Facebook. We adopted convenience sampling and developed 380 valid questionnaires. Structural equation modeling is applied to verify the study’s hypotheses. The research results reveal that utilitarian and hedonic values influence the Purchase Intention through utilitarian and hedonic attitudes. In light of the aforementioned findings, it is suggested that marketers and relevant participants focus on the hedonic value brought by an Internet meme and design fun and witty Internet memes to attract consumers.
Hsin-Hui Lee; Chia-Hsing Liang; Shu-Yi Liao; Han-Shen Chen. Analyzing the Intention of Consumer Purchasing Behaviors in Relation to Internet Memes Using VAB Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5549 .
AMA StyleHsin-Hui Lee, Chia-Hsing Liang, Shu-Yi Liao, Han-Shen Chen. Analyzing the Intention of Consumer Purchasing Behaviors in Relation to Internet Memes Using VAB Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Hui Lee; Chia-Hsing Liang; Shu-Yi Liao; Han-Shen Chen. 2019. "Analyzing the Intention of Consumer Purchasing Behaviors in Relation to Internet Memes Using VAB Model." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5549.
Offering services to clients by staff is a major feature of the hotel industry. Therefore, maintaining high-quality and stable services is critical for hotels to stay competitive. As for hotel human resource management, how to effectively increase employee retention is crucial because it not only enhances organizational performance but also reduces personnel cost. In this study, the researchers used structural equation modeling to explore the relationship between job embeddedness, organizational commitment, and intention to stay in tourist hotel interns. Furthermore, work–life balance was used as the moderating variable between organizational commitment and intention to stay. The study subjects were interns who had completed between half and one year of an internship at a tourist hotel and were going to graduate from the school upon completing the internship. The results indicated that job embeddedness has a significant and positive effect on organizational commitment and intention to stay whereas organizational commitment mediates the relationships between job embeddedness and intention to stay. In addition, work–life balance moderates interns’ intention to stay. This study provides the hotel industry with useful management guidelines for retaining employees and improving competitiveness.
Hsiao-Ping Chang; Chi-Ming Hsieh; Meei-Ying Lan; Han-Shen Chen. Examining the Moderating Effects of Work–Life Balance between Human Resource Practices and Intention to Stay. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4585 .
AMA StyleHsiao-Ping Chang, Chi-Ming Hsieh, Meei-Ying Lan, Han-Shen Chen. Examining the Moderating Effects of Work–Life Balance between Human Resource Practices and Intention to Stay. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Ping Chang; Chi-Ming Hsieh; Meei-Ying Lan; Han-Shen Chen. 2019. "Examining the Moderating Effects of Work–Life Balance between Human Resource Practices and Intention to Stay." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4585.
Due to the fragility of forest ecosystems, developing forest recreational resources must consider sustainable ecological, economic, and social development, and reduce impacts from recreational activities. Diverse forests with different biodiversity could promote forest ecosystem services and resistance to the pressure of tourism development. Under such circumstance, it is important to ensure that the travel and tourism industry develops under the principle of sustainable management and assists ecosystem conservation. Forest ecosystem services (FES) have received increasing attention. Especially, the amenity value provided by FES is beneficial for enhancing human health, and has gained popularity. Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) has the greatest natural forests in Taiwan, and tourists visit the HNFP for the well-preserved environment, abundance of green space, cleanliness, beautiful scenery, and quietness. This study assessed the amenity value of the Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) by adopting the payment card method via face-to-face survey data of 223 respondents. The annual amenity value of the HNFP per person is NT$2884 in winter and NT$2905 in summer. The total annual amenity value of the HNFP is NT$473,978,430–474,755,774. The results showed that gender, age, education level, monthly income, place of residence, participation in environmental groups, frequency of visiting the HNFP, and stay period significantly influence willingness to pay (WTP). This study concludes that an ecologically sustainable forest with ecosystem services could provide multiple benefits to different stakeholders.
Wan-Yu Liu; Yen-Yu Lin; Han-Shen Chen; Chi-Ming Hsieh. Assessing the Amenity Value of Forest Ecosystem Services: Perspectives from the Use of Sustainable Green Spaces. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4500 .
AMA StyleWan-Yu Liu, Yen-Yu Lin, Han-Shen Chen, Chi-Ming Hsieh. Assessing the Amenity Value of Forest Ecosystem Services: Perspectives from the Use of Sustainable Green Spaces. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan-Yu Liu; Yen-Yu Lin; Han-Shen Chen; Chi-Ming Hsieh. 2019. "Assessing the Amenity Value of Forest Ecosystem Services: Perspectives from the Use of Sustainable Green Spaces." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4500.
Given the influence of rising environmental awareness, food systems and security are receiving increasing international attention. Previous studies have discussed the acceptance of insect foods but have been primarily conducted in a European context. Hence, their results cannot be applied to Taiwanese consumers. Regarding this, our study is centered on the theory of planned behavior and considers environmental concern and food neophobia to discuss the effects of consumer attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on the purchase intention toward insect food. We used purposive sampling to survey questionnaire answers face-to-face in Taichung city, Taiwan. We distributed 408 surveys of which 77.45% were used in this study. The results revealed that consumer attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and food neophobia significantly influence purchase intention, whereas subjective norms and environmental concern did not demonstrate significant relationships with purchase intention. According to these results, we suggest that businesses emphasize consumers’ product experience or reduce levels of food neophobia to increase consumer interest in insect foods and improve the acceptability of such foods, thereby increasing purchase intention.
Hsiao-Ping Chang; Chun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen. Climate Change and Consumer’s Attitude toward Insect Food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1606 .
AMA StyleHsiao-Ping Chang, Chun-Chieh Ma, Han-Shen Chen. Climate Change and Consumer’s Attitude toward Insect Food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (9):1606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao-Ping Chang; Chun-Chieh Ma; Han-Shen Chen. 2019. "Climate Change and Consumer’s Attitude toward Insect Food." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9: 1606.
Global warming and climate change increase the likelihood of weather-related natural disasters that threaten ecosystems and consequently affect the tourism industry which thrives on the natural attributes of island regions. Orchid Island, the study area, is home to the Yami (Tao) tribe—the only indigenous people of Taiwan with a marine culture. The island possesses rich geological and topographical features (such as coral reefs) and distinctive biological and ecological resources (such as the green sea turtle, flying fish, and Orchid Island scops owl), and organizes traditional festivals and activities (such as the flying fish festival) as well as tribal tourism activities. These factors contribute to its immense potential to become the new tourism hotspot. To study the factors enhancing tourist experiences, a random utility model was constructed using a choice experiment method (CEM) for the tourist resort on Orchid Island. The study results demonstrated that: (1) Limiting tourists to 600/day; employing professional tour guides; providing better recreational facilities; introducing additional experience-enhancing activities; and lowering contributions towards the professional ecosystem conservation trust fund will improve the overall effectiveness of attracting tourists to Orchid Island. The evaluation results from both conditional logit and random parameter logit models were similar; (2) the analysis results from the latent class model demonstrated that island tourism has significant market segmentation. The socioeconomic backgrounds of tourists, their experiences, and their preferences exhibit heterogeneity, with significant differences in willingness to pay for island tourism.
Han-Shen Chen. Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Orchid Island Sustainable Tourism Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 755 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen. Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Orchid Island Sustainable Tourism Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (5):755.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen. 2019. "Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Orchid Island Sustainable Tourism Development." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5: 755.
Sustainability certification labels have become an important tool for aiding consumers in evaluating food safety, health concerns, and environmental friendliness. Few studies have explored the attributes of consumers’ environmental consciousnesses from the perspective of environmental concerns; hence, we focus on that lack. Our study contributes to the need to better understand consumer attention to sustainability information when making coffee certification attribute choices. We aimed to explore the importance that consumers attach to coffee certification attributes paid to these attributes while choosing and to willingness to pay (WTP). There were 650 questionnaires completed by those who had purchased coffee beans habitually in Taiwan; after factoring out the invalid questionnaires (i.e., those with omitted answers, incomplete answers, or those in which answers to all the questions received the same scale points were all deemed as invalid and removed), 568 valid ones were collected with a recovery rate of 87.4%. The results indicate that the respondents’ WTP attributes ranked from highest to lowest are traceability, organic, graded, environmentally friendly, and fair-trade certifications. This study provides insights into how consumers’ preferences relate to selection of coffee certification attributes.
Chun-Chu Liu; Chu-Wei Chen; Han-Shen Chen. Measuring Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Coffee Certification Labels in Taiwan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1297 .
AMA StyleChun-Chu Liu, Chu-Wei Chen, Han-Shen Chen. Measuring Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Coffee Certification Labels in Taiwan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Chu Liu; Chu-Wei Chen; Han-Shen Chen. 2019. "Measuring Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Coffee Certification Labels in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1297.
Consumer awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation concepts has prompted businesses in the hotel industry to adopt green operations. Most studies of the hotel industry have discussed the behavioral intentions (BIs) of consumers based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), but they have not considered emotional and motivational factors. The present study incorporated two incentive mechanisms and the anticipated positive and negative emotions of consumers into the TPB to explore the relationship between BIs and green hotel development. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that (1) a positive correlation exists between environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), positive anticipated emotion, and desire intention (DI), and a negative correlation exists between negative anticipated emotions and DI; (2) a positive correlation exists between PBC, DI, and BI; and (3) an incentive mechanism has a moderating effect on the relationship between DI and BI.
Chung-Te Ting; Chi-Ming Hsieh; Hsiao-Ping Chang; Han-Shen Chen. Environmental Consciousness and Green Customer Behavior: The Moderating Roles of Incentive Mechanisms. Sustainability 2019, 11, 819 .
AMA StyleChung-Te Ting, Chi-Ming Hsieh, Hsiao-Ping Chang, Han-Shen Chen. Environmental Consciousness and Green Customer Behavior: The Moderating Roles of Incentive Mechanisms. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):819.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung-Te Ting; Chi-Ming Hsieh; Hsiao-Ping Chang; Han-Shen Chen. 2019. "Environmental Consciousness and Green Customer Behavior: The Moderating Roles of Incentive Mechanisms." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 819.
The evaluation of ecological security and ecosystem services is now a core issue in the field of natural and environmental resources. Quantifying the economic value of island ecosystem services can inform policy decisions that affect the island and help justify expenditures on ecosystem service improvements. This study investigates the preferences of residents and tourists regarding Green Island and estimates willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for island ecosystem services using a choice experiment. The results indicate significant differences between the preferences of residents and tourists regarding island environmental resources. Therefore, based on the multiple attributes and ecosystem services, this study formulated three assessment schemes: “environmental protection”, “recreational development”, and “integrated operation and management”. Based on our analysis of the problems reflected in the aforementioned valuation models, we recommend that policy makers refer to environmental attribute preferences to create statements or advertisements targeting relevant audiences when planning island development. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how the economic valuation of island ecosystem services can help design and target island conservation policies in order to maximize welfare.
Han-Shen Chen; Chu-Wei Chen. Economic Valuation of Green Island, Taiwan: A Choice Experiment Method. Sustainability 2019, 11, 403 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen, Chu-Wei Chen. Economic Valuation of Green Island, Taiwan: A Choice Experiment Method. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen; Chu-Wei Chen. 2019. "Economic Valuation of Green Island, Taiwan: A Choice Experiment Method." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 403.
This study employed the travel cost method (TCM) to establish the on-site Poisson model to measure differences in the recreation benefits of Chinese inbound tourists based on the identified cultural distance clusters. Four clusters among the extracted factors of delineated perceptions on cultural distance were identified through the cluster analysis. This study finds that: (1) among four identified cognitive factors of the cultural distance, “social environment” and “personal relationship” were found to be more important than “living arrangement” and “verbal communication” factors; (2) the four cultural distance clusters differ significantly in terms of perceptions on the cultural distance; (3) the economic benefits of culture and heritage tourism ranged between US$4733 to US$6740 for average annual Chinese visitor numbers to Taiwan; (4) the “similar living habits” cluster had higher recreation benefits than the other three cultural distance clusters. The government and travel industries should pay attention to target segments in order to enhance the cultural heritage experience, by delivering an appropriate quality of service to match visitors’ needs and living habits, which in turn, impacts their revisit intent.
Chun-Hung Lee; Han-Shen Chen; Gwo-Bao Liou; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. Evaluating International Tourists’ Perceptions on Cultural Distance and Recreation Demand. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4360 .
AMA StyleChun-Hung Lee, Han-Shen Chen, Gwo-Bao Liou, Bi-Kun Tsai, Chi-Ming Hsieh. Evaluating International Tourists’ Perceptions on Cultural Distance and Recreation Demand. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChun-Hung Lee; Han-Shen Chen; Gwo-Bao Liou; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. 2018. "Evaluating International Tourists’ Perceptions on Cultural Distance and Recreation Demand." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4360.
Food system and food safety have drawn spontaneous global attention due to the effect of substantial environmental concerns. Three billion tons of food are wasted every year, estimated as being a third of all produced food. The production of much of this waste is directly linked to the unwillingness to sell, purchase, and consume suboptimal food that have deviated from regular products in terms of appearance standards, date labeling, or damaged packaging. Yet empirical research on this issue is scarce. This study aims to develop an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) research model, which includes environmental concern and sensory appeal to predict consumers’ purchase intention to suboptimal foods. A total of 539 respondents collected in Taiwan as data input. The empirical results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that consumers’ attitude was the main predictor of their intention to purchase suboptimal foods. Interestingly, this research showed that both perceived behavioral control and subjective norms were not significant predictors of intention. Furthermore, adding environmental concern and sensory appeal as the additional constructs to the TPB significantly increased the explanatory power of the standard model. These findings provide important insights for suboptimal food and useful recommendations for marketing channels, suggesting that promotion of suboptimal food may be the key to potential business.
Song-Lin Wong; Cheng-Chin Hsu; Han-Shen Chen. To Buy or Not to Buy? Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Suboptimal Food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1431 .
AMA StyleSong-Lin Wong, Cheng-Chin Hsu, Han-Shen Chen. To Buy or Not to Buy? Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Suboptimal Food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (7):1431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong-Lin Wong; Cheng-Chin Hsu; Han-Shen Chen. 2018. "To Buy or Not to Buy? Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions for Suboptimal Food." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7: 1431.
As environmental awareness among the public gradually improves, it is predicted that the trend of green consumption will make green products enter the mainstream market. Hydrogen-electric motorcycles, with eco-friendly and energy-efficient characteristics, have great advantages for development. However, as a type of innovative product, hydrogen-electric motorcycles require further examination with regard to consumer acceptance and external variables of the products. In this study, consumer behavioral intention (BI) for the use of hydrogen-electric motorcycles and its influencing factors are discussed, using innovation resistance as the basis and environmental concern as the adjusting variable. Consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for hydrogen-electric motorcycles is estimated using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The results found that (1) perception barriers, viz., usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, tradition barrier, and price barrier are statistically significant, whereas image barrier is not; (2) a high degree of environmental concern will reduce the consumers’ innovation resistance to the hydrogen-electric motorcycles; (3) up to 94.79% of the respondents of the designed questionnaire suggested that the promotion of hydrogen-electric motorcycles requires a subsidy of 21.9% of the total price from the government. The mean WTP of consumers for the purchase of hydrogen-electric motorcycles is 10–15% higher than that of traditional motorcycles.
Han-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. The Effects of Perceived Barriers on Innovation Resistance of Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycles. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1933 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen, Bi-Kun Tsai, Chi-Ming Hsieh. The Effects of Perceived Barriers on Innovation Resistance of Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycles. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1933.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. 2018. "The Effects of Perceived Barriers on Innovation Resistance of Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycles." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1933.
The successful and sustainable development of inbound tourism necessitates a long-term commitment, balancing between tourism supply and tourist demands. This study manipulated a performance appraisal of tourism service quality in Taiwan with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) by employing input and output constructs to assess service quality efficiency. The empirical results of the estimation of technical efficiency (TE) revealed that (1) the domestic tourism market is competitive, but still needs enhancements for tourism service; (2) Mainland Chinese tourists had the highest score among all foreign tourists, followed by Hong Kong and Macau tourists, tourists from other countries, Japanese tourists, and South Korean tourists; and (3) South Korean tourists had higher travel expenditure than others, but felt less satisfaction with travel services, which can be regarded as inefficient. Tourists from other countries had lower travel expenditure, but had higher satisfaction levels, which was considered efficient based on input and output index. The findings could contribute to bridging the gap between research and practice in assessing the efficiency of inbound tourist service. Tourism practitioners should be aware of tourists’ needs and interests, as these could be key fundamentals for improving tourists’ satisfaction with Taiwan’s service offerings.
Han-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Gwo-Bao Liou; Chi-Ming Hsieh. Efficiency Assessment of Inbound Tourist Service Using Data Envelopment Analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1866 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen, Bi-Kun Tsai, Gwo-Bao Liou, Chi-Ming Hsieh. Efficiency Assessment of Inbound Tourist Service Using Data Envelopment Analysis. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Gwo-Bao Liou; Chi-Ming Hsieh. 2018. "Efficiency Assessment of Inbound Tourist Service Using Data Envelopment Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1866.
In recent years, increasing concerns regarding the energy costs and environmental effects of urban motorcycle use have spurred the development of hydrogen-electric motorcycles in Taiwan. Although gasoline-powered motorcycles produce substantial amounts of exhaust and noise pollution, hydrogen-electric motorcycles are highly energy-efficient, relatively quiet, and produce zero emissions, features that suggest their great potential to reduce the problems currently associated with the use of motorcycles in city environments. This study identified the significant external variables that affect consumers’ purchase intentions toward using hydrogen-electric motorcycles. A questionnaire method was employed with a total of 300 questionnaires distributed and 233 usable questionnaires returned, yielding a 78% overall response rate. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test the research hypothesis. The research concluded that (1) product knowledge positively influenced purchase intentions but negatively affected the perceived risk; (2) perceived quality via hydrogen-electric motorcycles positively influenced the perceived value but negatively affected the perceived risk; (3) perceived risk negatively affected the perceived value; and (4) the perceived value positively affected purchase intentions. This study can be used as a reference for motorcycle manufacturers when planning their marketing strategies.
Han-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. Determinants of Consumers’ Purchasing Intentions for the Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycle. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1447 .
AMA StyleHan-Shen Chen, Bi-Kun Tsai, Chi-Ming Hsieh. Determinants of Consumers’ Purchasing Intentions for the Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycle. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (8):1447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan-Shen Chen; Bi-Kun Tsai; Chi-Ming Hsieh. 2017. "Determinants of Consumers’ Purchasing Intentions for the Hydrogen-Electric Motorcycle." Sustainability 9, no. 8: 1447.