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J. Fernández-Torres; Y. Zamudio-Cuevas; G. A. Martínez-Nava; O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar; M. P. Sierra-Vargas; C. A. Lozada-Pérez; C. Suárez-Ahedo; C. Landa-Solís; A. Olivos-Meza; L. M. Del Razo; M. C. Camacho-Rea; K. Martínez-Flores. Correction to: Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biological Trace Element Research 2021, 1 -1.
AMA StyleJ. Fernández-Torres, Y. Zamudio-Cuevas, G. A. Martínez-Nava, O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar, M. P. Sierra-Vargas, C. A. Lozada-Pérez, C. Suárez-Ahedo, C. Landa-Solís, A. Olivos-Meza, L. M. Del Razo, M. C. Camacho-Rea, K. Martínez-Flores. Correction to: Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021; ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Fernández-Torres; Y. Zamudio-Cuevas; G. A. Martínez-Nava; O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar; M. P. Sierra-Vargas; C. A. Lozada-Pérez; C. Suárez-Ahedo; C. Landa-Solís; A. Olivos-Meza; L. M. Del Razo; M. C. Camacho-Rea; K. Martínez-Flores. 2021. "Correction to: Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases." Biological Trace Element Research , no. : 1-1.
Some studies in animal models and humans suggest that exposure to lead is associated with hearing loss. Lead can reach the inner ear through the blood circulation; evidence suggests that lead could accumulate in the inner ear, causing inner ear damage. Aim: To evaluate prestin and otolin-1 protein levels and their relationship with an increased hearing threshold in participants exposed to lead. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 315 participants from Tlaxcala, Mexico. Blood lead levels (BPb) were evaluated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum prestin and otolin-1 were quantified using ELISA. Auditory function at frequencies of 0.125 to 8 kHz was evaluated in a soundproof chamber. Participants were classified according to BPb: group I (<10 μg/dL) had a median BPb of 6 μg/dL and prestin levels of 11.06 ng/mL. While participants in group II (≥10 μg/dL) had a median of BPb 20.7 μg/dL (p < 0.05) and prestin levels of 0.15 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Participants in both groups showed a normal hearing. Otolin-1 levels were higher for participants with normal hearing and lower for participants with hearing loss in both groups, p > 0.05. Multiple linear regression models predict an average decrease of 0.17 to 0.26 ng/mL in prestin levels per decibel increase for the frequencies evaluated. Participants with high BPb showed an increase in hearing threshold, and prestin levels decreased proportionally to the hearing threshold increase. This is the first study to evaluate prestin as a potential biomarker for hearing damage, evaluated by audiometry, in participants with lead exposure.
Soledad Solis-Angeles; Cuauhtémoc A. Juárez-Pérez; Carmina Jiménez-Ramírez; Alejandro Cabello-López; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz M. Del Razo. Prestin and otolin-1 proteins in the hearing loss of adults chronically exposed to lead. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2021, 426, 115651 .
AMA StyleSoledad Solis-Angeles, Cuauhtémoc A. Juárez-Pérez, Carmina Jiménez-Ramírez, Alejandro Cabello-López, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Luz M. Del Razo. Prestin and otolin-1 proteins in the hearing loss of adults chronically exposed to lead. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2021; 426 ():115651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoledad Solis-Angeles; Cuauhtémoc A. Juárez-Pérez; Carmina Jiménez-Ramírez; Alejandro Cabello-López; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz M. Del Razo. 2021. "Prestin and otolin-1 proteins in the hearing loss of adults chronically exposed to lead." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 426, no. : 115651.
Tobacco use has a negative impact on health due to its relationship with the development of high-mortality diseases, such as pulmonary cancer. However, the effect of cadmium (Cd), present in tobacco smoke, on the development of joint diseases has been scarcely studied. The objective of this review is to discuss the evidence regarding the mechanisms by which Cd exposure, through tobacco smoke, may lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There’s evidence suggesting a string association between moderate to severe OA development and tobacco use, and that a higher blood concentration of Cd can trigger oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, favoring cartilage loss. At the bone level, the Cd that is inhaled through tobacco smoke affects bone mineral density, resulting in OP mediated by a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, which favors the bone resorption process. In RA, tobacco use promotes the citrullination process through Cd exposure, as well as an increase in OS and inflammation. Understanding how tobacco use can increase the damage at the articular level mediated by a toxic metal, i.e., Cd, is important. Finally, proposing prevention, control, and treatment strategies for frequently disabling diseases, such as OA, OP, and RA to reduce its prevalence in the population.
J. Fernández-Torres; Y. Zamudio-Cuevas; G. A. Martínez-Nava; O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar; M. P. Sierra-Vargas; C. A. Lozada-Pérez; C. Suárez-Ahedo; C. Landa-Solís; A. Olivos-Meza; L. M. Del Razo; M. C. Camacho-Rea; K. Martínez-Flores. Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biological Trace Element Research 2021, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJ. Fernández-Torres, Y. Zamudio-Cuevas, G. A. Martínez-Nava, O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar, M. P. Sierra-Vargas, C. A. Lozada-Pérez, C. Suárez-Ahedo, C. Landa-Solís, A. Olivos-Meza, L. M. Del Razo, M. C. Camacho-Rea, K. Martínez-Flores. Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Fernández-Torres; Y. Zamudio-Cuevas; G. A. Martínez-Nava; O. G. Aztatzi-Aguilar; M. P. Sierra-Vargas; C. A. Lozada-Pérez; C. Suárez-Ahedo; C. Landa-Solís; A. Olivos-Meza; L. M. Del Razo; M. C. Camacho-Rea; K. Martínez-Flores. 2021. "Impact of Cadmium Mediated by Tobacco Use in Musculoskeletal Diseases." Biological Trace Element Research , no. : 1-6.
Arsenic exposure is associated with cardiovascular risk in adults; however, few epidemiologic studies have evaluated biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in children who are environmentally exposed to arsenic. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between urinary arsenic, plasma natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic parameters in Mexican children exposed to arsenic through the drinking water. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 192 children (3–8 years old) from Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), NT-proBNP and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured by ELISA, urinary arsenic concentration (UAs) were measured via by hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry, and cardiac parameters were measured by echocardiography. The median plasma concentrations of ANP, BNP and NT-proBNP were 36.9 ng/mL, 49.7 pg/mL, and 226.1 pg/mL, respectively. Using multivariable models, a dose-response relationship was observed between BNP concentrations and UAs tertiles (72 ng/mL: 52.2 pg/mL, P-trend = 0.020). BNP concentrations also increased with increasing U-tAs as continuous variables (0.43 pg/mL increase per 1 ng/mL increase of U-tAs; P-Value = 0.008). Additionally, BNP was positively associated with arsenic methylated metabolites (U-MAs and U-DMAs). On the other hand, BNP was inversely related to relative wall thickness (RWT). No associations were found for other cardiac parameters. Finally, neither ANP nor NT-proBNP were significantly related to arsenic exposure or echocardiographic parameters. In this study, we showed associations between plasma BNP and arsenic exposure. Our results support the importance of reducing childhood arsenic exposure, which may have cardiovascular effects early in life.
José M. Torres-Arellano; Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz M. Del Razo. Natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic parameters in Mexican children environmentally exposed to arsenic. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2020, 403, 115164 .
AMA StyleJosé M. Torres-Arellano, Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez, Luz C. Sánchez-Peña, Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara, Laura Arreola-Mendoza, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Luz M. Del Razo. Natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic parameters in Mexican children environmentally exposed to arsenic. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2020; 403 ():115164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. Torres-Arellano; Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz M. Del Razo. 2020. "Natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic parameters in Mexican children environmentally exposed to arsenic." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 403, no. : 115164.
The developmental period in utero is a critical window for environmental exposure. Epigenetic fetal programming via DNA methylation is a pathway through which metal exposure influences the risk of developing diseases later in life. Genetic damage repair can be modified by alterations in DNA methylation, which, in turn, may modulate gene expression due to metal exposure. We investigated the impact of prenatal metal exposure on global and gene-specific DNA methylation and mRNA expression in 181 umbilical cord blood samples from newborns in Mexico City. Global (LINE1) and promoter methylation of DNA-repair (OGG1 and PARP1) and antioxidant (Nrf2) genes was evaluated by pyrosequencing. Prenatal metal exposure (As, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn) was determined by ICP-MS analysis of maternal urine samples. Multiple regression analyses revealed that DNA methylation of LINE1, Nrf2, OGG1, and PARP1 was associated with potentially toxic (As, Hg, Mn, Mo, and Pb) and essential (Cu, Se, and Zn) elements, and with their interactions. We also evaluated the association between gene expression (mRNA levels quantified by p-PCR) and DNA methylation. An increase in OGG1 methylation at all sites and at CpG2, CpG3, and CpG4 sites was associated with reduced mRNA levels; likewise, methylation at the CpG5, CpG8, and CpG11 sites of PARP1 was associated with reduced mRNA expression. In contrast, methylation at the PARP1 CpG7 site was positively associated with its mRNA levels. No associations between Nrf2 expression and CpG site methylation were observed. Our data suggest that DNA methylation can be influenced by prenatal metal exposure, which may contribute to alterations in the expression of repair genes, and therefore, result in a lower capacity for DNA damage repair in newborns.
N. Montes-Castro; I. Alvarado-Cruz; L. Torres-Sánchez; I. García-Aguiar; A. Barrera-Hernández; C. Escamilla-Núñez; L.M. Del Razo; B. Quintanilla-Vega. Prenatal exposure to metals modified DNA methylation and the expression of antioxidant- and DNA defense-related genes in newborns in an urban area. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2019, 55, 110 -120.
AMA StyleN. Montes-Castro, I. Alvarado-Cruz, L. Torres-Sánchez, I. García-Aguiar, A. Barrera-Hernández, C. Escamilla-Núñez, L.M. Del Razo, B. Quintanilla-Vega. Prenatal exposure to metals modified DNA methylation and the expression of antioxidant- and DNA defense-related genes in newborns in an urban area. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2019; 55 ():110-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Montes-Castro; I. Alvarado-Cruz; L. Torres-Sánchez; I. García-Aguiar; A. Barrera-Hernández; C. Escamilla-Núñez; L.M. Del Razo; B. Quintanilla-Vega. 2019. "Prenatal exposure to metals modified DNA methylation and the expression of antioxidant- and DNA defense-related genes in newborns in an urban area." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 55, no. : 110-120.
Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two common groundwater toxicants. The toxicity of As is closely related to As metabolism, and several biological and environmental factors have been associated with As modification. However, limited information about the effect of F exposure on the modification of the As metabolism profile has been described. The aim of this study was to assess the interaction effect of AsF coexposure on the As metabolism profile in an adult population environmentally exposed to low-moderate As levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 236 adults from three Mexican communities. F and As concentrations were quantified in water samples. The concentrations of urinary F and As species [inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylated arsenic (MAs) and dimethylated arsenic (DMAs)] were also determined and used as exposure biomarkers. As species percentages and methylation indices were estimated to evaluate the As methylation profile. Our results showed a relationship between the water and urine concentrations of both contaminants and, a significant correlation between the As and F concentrations in water and urine samples. A statistically significant interaction of F and As exposure on the increase in MAs% (β = 0.16, p = 0.018) and the decrease in DMAs% (β = −0.3, p = 0.034), PMI (β = −0.07, p = 0.052) and SMI (β = −0.13, p = 0.097) was observed. These findings indicate that drinking water is the main source of AsF coexposure and suggest that F exposure decreases As methylation capacity. However, additional large and prospective studies are required to confirm our findings, and to elucidate the involved mechanisms of interaction and their implications in adverse health effects.
Mónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 684, 621 -628.
AMA StyleMónica I. Jiménez-Córdova, Luz C. Sánchez-Peña, Ángel Barrera-Hernández, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Olivier C. Barbier, Luz M. Del Razo. Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 684 ():621-628.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. 2019. "Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population." Science of The Total Environment 684, no. : 621-628.
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) via drinking water is a serious global health threat. Various factors influence susceptibility to iAs-associated health outcomes, including differences in iAs metabolism. Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with iAs metabolism. It has been hypothesized that this association can be explained by confounding from nutritional factors involved in one-carbon metabolism, such as folate or other B vitamins, whose intake may differ across BMI categories and is known be associated with iAs metabolism. However, no studies have explored whether this association is confounded by nutritional factors. We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the distribution of urinary arsenic species in a cross-sectional cohort of 1166 adults living in Chihuahua, Mexico from 2008 to 2013. Nutrient intake related to one-carbon metabolism, including folate, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12, was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire developed for Mexican populations. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association between BMI and the distribution of urinary arsenic metabolites. Effect modification by drinking water iAs level and sex was also examined. After adjusting for potential confounders, including age, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, seafood consumption, water iAs, and sex, BMI was negatively associated with the proportion of urinary inorganic arsenic (%U-iAs) and urinary monomethylated arsenic (%U-MMAs) and positively associated with urinary dimethylated arsenic (%U-DMAs). This relationship was not influenced by additional adjustment for folate, vitamin B2, or vitamin B12 intake. Additionally, there was significant effect modification by both drinking water iAs level and sex. This study provides further evidence for an association between BMI and arsenic metabolism. However, contrary to previous hypotheses, these results suggest that this association is not confounded by the intake of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism.
Paige A. Bommarito; Xiaofan Xu; Carmen González-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramirez; Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias; René Santos Luna; Susana Román Pérez; Juan Eugenio Hernández Ávila; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz M. Del Razo; Mirek Stýblo; Michelle A. Mendez; Rebecca C. Fry. One-carbon metabolism nutrient intake and the association between body mass index and urinary arsenic metabolites in adults in the Chihuahua cohort. Environment International 2018, 123, 292 -300.
AMA StylePaige A. Bommarito, Xiaofan Xu, Carmen González-Horta, Blanca Sánchez-Ramirez, Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias, René Santos Luna, Susana Román Pérez, Juan Eugenio Hernández Ávila, Gonzalo G. García-Vargas, Luz M. Del Razo, Mirek Stýblo, Michelle A. Mendez, Rebecca C. Fry. One-carbon metabolism nutrient intake and the association between body mass index and urinary arsenic metabolites in adults in the Chihuahua cohort. Environment International. 2018; 123 ():292-300.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaige A. Bommarito; Xiaofan Xu; Carmen González-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramirez; Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias; René Santos Luna; Susana Román Pérez; Juan Eugenio Hernández Ávila; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz M. Del Razo; Mirek Stýblo; Michelle A. Mendez; Rebecca C. Fry. 2018. "One-carbon metabolism nutrient intake and the association between body mass index and urinary arsenic metabolites in adults in the Chihuahua cohort." Environment International 123, no. : 292-300.
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a form of As commonly found in drinking water and in some foods. Overwhelming evidence suggest that people chronically exposed to iAs are at risk of developing cancer, or cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic diseases. Although the mechanisms underlying iAs-associated illness remain poorly characterized, a growing body of literature raises the possibility that microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptional gene suppressors, may serve as mediators and/or early indicators of the pathologies associated with iAs exposure.
Rowan Beck; Paige Bommarito; Christelle Douillet; Matt Kanke; Luz Maria Del Razo; Gonzalo García-Vargas; Rebecca C. Fry; Praveen Sethupathy; Miroslav Stýblo. Circulating miRNAs Associated with Arsenic Exposure. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 14487 -14495.
AMA StyleRowan Beck, Paige Bommarito, Christelle Douillet, Matt Kanke, Luz Maria Del Razo, Gonzalo García-Vargas, Rebecca C. Fry, Praveen Sethupathy, Miroslav Stýblo. Circulating miRNAs Associated with Arsenic Exposure. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (24):14487-14495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRowan Beck; Paige Bommarito; Christelle Douillet; Matt Kanke; Luz Maria Del Razo; Gonzalo García-Vargas; Rebecca C. Fry; Praveen Sethupathy; Miroslav Stýblo. 2018. "Circulating miRNAs Associated with Arsenic Exposure." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 24: 14487-14495.
Exposure to inorganic fluoride (F) has been implicated in cardiovascular and kidney dysfunction mainly in adult populations. However, limited epidemiological information from susceptible populations, such as children, is available. In this study we evaluated the relationship of F exposure with some vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 374 Mexican schoolchildren. Dental fluorosis and F concentrations in the water and urine were evaluated. The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urinary concentrations of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and cystatin-C (uCys-C) were examined to assess kidney injury. The carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and serum concentrations of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelin 1(ET-1) and cystatin-C (sCys-C) were measured to assess vascular alterations. High proportions of children exposed to F were observed (79.7% above 1.2 ppm F in urine) even in the low water F exposure regions, which suggested additional sources of F exposure. In robust multiple linear regression models, urinary F was positively associated with eGFR (β=1.3, p =0.015), uCys-C (β=−8.5, p=0.043), VCAM-1 (β=111.1, p=0.019), ICAM-1 (β=57, p=0.032) and cIMT (β=0.01, p=0.032). An inverse association was observed with uCys-C (β=−8.5, p=0.043) and sCys-C (β =−9.6, p=0.021), and no significant associations with ET-1 (β=0.069, p=0.074) and KIM-1 (β=29.1, p=0.212) were found. Our findings revealed inconclusive results regarding F exposure and kidney injury. However, these results suggest that F exposure is related to early vascular alterations, which may increase the susceptibility of cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
Mónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Julio C. Ayllón-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Efraín E. Villareal-Vega; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. Evaluation of vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in Mexican children exposed to inorganic fluoride. Environmental Research 2018, 169, 220 -228.
AMA StyleMónica I. Jiménez-Córdova, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Julio C. Ayllón-Vergara, Laura Arreola-Mendoza, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Efraín E. Villareal-Vega, Ángel Barrera-Hernández, Olivier C. Barbier, Luz M. Del Razo. Evaluation of vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in Mexican children exposed to inorganic fluoride. Environmental Research. 2018; 169 ():220-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Julio C. Ayllón-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Efraín E. Villareal-Vega; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. 2018. "Evaluation of vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in Mexican children exposed to inorganic fluoride." Environmental Research 169, no. : 220-228.
Fluoride (F) is a toxicant widely distributed in the environment. Experimental studies have shown kidney toxicity from F exposure. However, co-exposure to arsenic (As) has not been considered, and epidemiological information remains limited. We evaluated the association between F exposure and urinary kidney injury biomarkers and assessed As co-exposure interactions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 239 adults (18–77 years old) from three communities in Chihuahua, Mexico. Exposure to F was assessed in urine and drinking water, and As in urine samples. We evaluated the urinary concentrations of albumin (ALB), cystatin-C (Cys-C), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin (CLU), osteopontin (OPN), and trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using serum creatinine (Creat) levels. We observed a positive correlation between water and urine F concentrations (ρ = 0.7419, p < 0.0001), with median values of 1.5 mg/L and 2 μg/mL, respectively, suggesting that drinking water was the main source of F exposure. The geometric mean of urinary As was 18.55 ng/mL, approximately 39% of the urine samples had As concentrations above the human biomonitoring value (15 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression models demonstrated a positive association between F exposure and ALB (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), Cys-C (β = 0.022, p = 0.001), KIM-1 (β = 0.048, p = 0.008), OPN (β = 0.38, p = 0.041), and eGFR (β = 0.49, p = 0.03); however, CLU (β = 0.07, p = 0.100) and TFF-3 (β = 1.14, p = 0.115) did not show significant associations. No interaction with As exposure was observed. In conclusion, F exposure was related to the urinary excretion of early kidney injury biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis of the nephrotoxic role of F exposure.
Monica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Mariana Cardenas; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz C. Sanchez-Peña; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Iván A. Domínguez-Guerrero; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in an adult Mexican population environmentally exposed to fluoride and low arsenic levels. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2018, 352, 97 -106.
AMA StyleMonica I. Jiménez-Córdova, Mariana Cardenas, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Luz C. Sanchez-Peña, Ángel Barrera-Hernández, Iván A. Domínguez-Guerrero, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Olivier C. Barbier, Luz M. Del Razo. Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in an adult Mexican population environmentally exposed to fluoride and low arsenic levels. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2018; 352 ():97-106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Mariana Cardenas; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Luz C. Sanchez-Peña; Ángel Barrera-Hernández; Iván A. Domínguez-Guerrero; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. 2018. "Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in an adult Mexican population environmentally exposed to fluoride and low arsenic levels." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 352, no. : 97-106.
Mexico is included in the list of countries with concurrent arsenic and fluoride contamination in drinking water. Most of the studies have been carried out in the adult population and very few in the child population. Urinary arsenic and urinary fluoride levels have been accepted as good biomarkers of exposure dose. The Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) values are useful tools for health assessment using human biomonitoring data in relation to the exposure guidance values, but BE information for children is limited. We conducted a systematic review of the reported levels of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water, urinary quantification of speciated arsenic (inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites), and urinary fluoride levels in child populations. For BE values, urinary arsenic and fluoride concentrations reported in Mexican child populations were revised discussing the influence of factors such as diet, use of dental products, sex, and metabolism. Approximately 0.5 and 6 million Mexican children up to 14 years of age drink water with arsenic levels over 10 μg/L and fluoride over 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, 40% of localities with arsenic levels higher than 10 μg/L also present concurrent fluoride exposure higher than 1.5 mgF/L. BE values based in urinary arsenic of 15 μg/L and urinary fluoride of 1.2 mg/L for the environmentally exposed child population are suggested. An actual risk map of Mexican children exposed to high levels of arsenic, fluoride, and both arsenic and fluoride in drinking water was generated. Mexican normativity for maximum contaminant level for arsenic and fluoride in drinking water should be adjusted and enforced to preserve health. BE should be used in child populations to investigate exposure.
Jorge Humberto Limón-Pacheco; Mónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Mariana Cárdenas-González; Ilse M. Sánchez Retana; María E. Gonsebatt; Luz M. Del Razo. Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children. Annals of Global Health 2018, 84, 257 -273.
AMA StyleJorge Humberto Limón-Pacheco, Mónica I. Jiménez-Córdova, Mariana Cárdenas-González, Ilse M. Sánchez Retana, María E. Gonsebatt, Luz M. Del Razo. Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children. Annals of Global Health. 2018; 84 (2):257-273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge Humberto Limón-Pacheco; Mónica I. Jiménez-Córdova; Mariana Cárdenas-González; Ilse M. Sánchez Retana; María E. Gonsebatt; Luz M. Del Razo. 2018. "Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children." Annals of Global Health 84, no. 2: 257-273.
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is related to cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. The mechanisms underlying NO depletion as related to iAs exposure are not fully understood. The endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), might be a molecular target of iAs. ADMA concentrations are regulated by proteins involved in its synthesis (arginine methyl transferase 1 [PRMT-1]) and degradation (dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase [DDAH]). Both, ADMA and NO are susceptible to oxidative stress. We aimed to determine the ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-CS) exposed to arsenite. We exposed HUVEC-CS cells to 1, 2.5 and 5μM of arsenite for 24h. We proved that arsenite at 5μM was able to decrease NO levels with an associated increase in ADMA and depletion of l-arginine in HUVEC-CS cells. We also found a decrease in DDAH-1 protein expression with 5μM of arsenite compared to the control group. However, we did not observe significant differences in PRMT-1 protein expression at any of the concentrations of arsenite employed. Finally, arsenite (2.5 and 5μM) increased NADPH oxidase 4 protein levels compared with the control group. We conclude that ADMA, l-arginine and DDAH are involved in NO depletion produced by arsenite, and that the mechanism is related to oxidative stress.
Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Miguel Chin-Chan; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Octavio G. Atzatzi-Aguilar; Jesus Alberto Olivares-Reyes; José Segovia; Luz M. Del Razo. The ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells exposed to arsenite. Toxicology in Vitro 2017, 42, 281 -286.
AMA StyleCitlalli Osorio-Yáñez, Miguel Chin-Chan, Luz C. Sánchez-Peña, Octavio G. Atzatzi-Aguilar, Jesus Alberto Olivares-Reyes, José Segovia, Luz M. Del Razo. The ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells exposed to arsenite. Toxicology in Vitro. 2017; 42 ():281-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCitlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Miguel Chin-Chan; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Octavio G. Atzatzi-Aguilar; Jesus Alberto Olivares-Reyes; José Segovia; Luz M. Del Razo. 2017. "The ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway in human vein endothelial cells exposed to arsenite." Toxicology in Vitro 42, no. : 281-286.
Variants in AS3MT, the gene encoding arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltranserase, have been shown to influence patterns of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism. Several studies have suggested that capacity to metabolize iAs may vary depending on levels of iAs exposure. However, it is not known whether the influence of variants in AS3MT on iAs metabolism also vary by level of exposure. We investigated, in a population of Mexican adults exposed to drinking water As, whether associations between 7 candidate variants in AS3MT and urinary iAs metabolites were consistent with prior studies, and whether these associations varied depending on the level of exposure. Overall, associations between urinary iAs metabolites and AS3MT variants were consistent with the literature. Referent genotypes, defined as the genotype previously associated with a higher percentage of urinary dimethylated As (DMAs%), were associated with significant increases in the DMAs% and ratio of DMAs to monomethylated As (MAs), and significant reductions in MAs% and iAs%. For 3 variants, associations between genotypes and iAs metabolism were significantly stronger among subjects exposed to water As >50 versus ≤50 ppb (water As X genotype interaction P < .05). In contrast, for 1 variant (rs17881215), associations were significantly stronger at exposures ≤50 ppb. Results suggest that iAs exposure may influence the extent to which several AS3MT variants affect iAs metabolism. The variants most strongly associated with iAs metabolism-and perhaps with susceptibility to iAs-associated disease-may vary in settings with exposure level.
Xiaofan Xu; Zuzana Drobná; V. Saroja Voruganti; Keri Barron; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; Lourdes Ballinas; Roberto Hernández Cerón; Damián Viniegra Morales; Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas; María C. Ishida; Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres; R. Jesse Saunders; Jamie Crandell; Rebecca C. Fry; Dana Loomis; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz Maria Del Razo; Miroslav Stýblo; Michelle A. Mendez. Association Between Variants in Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltranserase (AS3MT) and Urinary Metabolites of Inorganic Arsenic: Role of Exposure Level. Toxicological Sciences 2016, 153, 112 -23.
AMA StyleXiaofan Xu, Zuzana Drobná, V. Saroja Voruganti, Keri Barron, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez, Lourdes Ballinas, Roberto Hernández Cerón, Damián Viniegra Morales, Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas, María C. Ishida, Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres, R. Jesse Saunders, Jamie Crandell, Rebecca C. Fry, Dana Loomis, Gonzalo G. García-Vargas, Luz Maria Del Razo, Miroslav Stýblo, Michelle A. Mendez. Association Between Variants in Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltranserase (AS3MT) and Urinary Metabolites of Inorganic Arsenic: Role of Exposure Level. Toxicological Sciences. 2016; 153 (1):112-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofan Xu; Zuzana Drobná; V. Saroja Voruganti; Keri Barron; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; Lourdes Ballinas; Roberto Hernández Cerón; Damián Viniegra Morales; Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas; María C. Ishida; Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres; R. Jesse Saunders; Jamie Crandell; Rebecca C. Fry; Dana Loomis; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz Maria Del Razo; Miroslav Stýblo; Michelle A. Mendez. 2016. "Association Between Variants in Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltranserase (AS3MT) and Urinary Metabolites of Inorganic Arsenic: Role of Exposure Level." Toxicological Sciences 153, no. 1: 112-23.
M Stýblo; R Fry; M Huang; E Martin; C Douillet; Z Drobná; M Mendez; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; B Sánchez-Ramírez; M Ballinas-Casarrubias; Luz Maria Del Razo; G García-Vargas. Metabolomics of arsenic exposure: The Man vs. the mouse. Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings 2016, 425 -427.
AMA StyleM Stýblo, R Fry, M Huang, E Martin, C Douillet, Z Drobná, M Mendez, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, B Sánchez-Ramírez, M Ballinas-Casarrubias, Luz Maria Del Razo, G García-Vargas. Metabolomics of arsenic exposure: The Man vs. the mouse. Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings. 2016; ():425-427.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Stýblo; R Fry; M Huang; E Martin; C Douillet; Z Drobná; M Mendez; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; B Sánchez-Ramírez; M Ballinas-Casarrubias; Luz Maria Del Razo; G García-Vargas. 2016. "Metabolomics of arsenic exposure: The Man vs. the mouse." Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings , no. : 425-427.
Children and adolescent populations chronically exposed to high doses of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water in some regions around the world have shown behavioral and memory deficits. Recent studies have also associated iAs exposure with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. The hippocampus is a cerebral region well known for its role in learning and memory. Studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that the hippocampus is vulnerable to iAs exposure, and to changes in glucose metabolism. The glucose transporters (GLUTs) and insulin receptor (IR) regulate glucose metabolism in brain; they are expressed by hippocampal cells, and alterations in these proteins have been associated with memory deficits. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of iAs exposure via drinking water (DW) on GLUT1, GLUT3 and insulin receptor (INSR) mRNA expression in the hippocampus, on performance in a spatial memory task, and on peripheral glucose regulation. C57Bl/6 male mice were exposed to 50 mg iAs/L via DW for one, two, or three months. The qRT-PCR analyses indicated that, compared to a control group, GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA levels were decreased, while INSR mRNA levels were increased in the hippocampus of iAs exposed animals. The levels of iAs and its methylated species in the hippocampus of the iAs-exposed group were significantly higher than in controls. Mice exposed to iAs learned the spatial task but showed increased latency to find the submerged platform 48 h after the last training session; these animals also showed dysregulation of peripheral glucose. These results suggest that the effects of iAs exposure on a spatial memory task performance could be mediated by disruptions of glucose regulation in the CNS.
V.M. Rodríguez; J.H. Limón-Pacheco; L.M. Del Razo; M. Giordano. Effects of inorganic arsenic exposure on glucose transporters and insulin receptor in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 male mice. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2016, 54, 68 -77.
AMA StyleV.M. Rodríguez, J.H. Limón-Pacheco, L.M. Del Razo, M. Giordano. Effects of inorganic arsenic exposure on glucose transporters and insulin receptor in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 male mice. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 2016; 54 ():68-77.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV.M. Rodríguez; J.H. Limón-Pacheco; L.M. Del Razo; M. Giordano. 2016. "Effects of inorganic arsenic exposure on glucose transporters and insulin receptor in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 male mice." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 54, no. : 68-77.
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Michelle A. Mendez; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; Lourdes Ballinas; Roberto Hernández Cerón; Damián Viniegra Morales; Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas; María C. Ishida; Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres; R. Jesse Saunders; Zuzana Drobná; Rebecca C. Fry; John Buse; Dana Loomis; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz Maria Del Razo; Miroslav Stýblo. Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chihuahua, Mexico. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016, 124, 104 -111.
AMA StyleMichelle A. Mendez, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez, Lourdes Ballinas, Roberto Hernández Cerón, Damián Viniegra Morales, Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas, María C. Ishida, Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres, R. Jesse Saunders, Zuzana Drobná, Rebecca C. Fry, John Buse, Dana Loomis, Gonzalo G. García-Vargas, Luz Maria Del Razo, Miroslav Stýblo. Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chihuahua, Mexico. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016; 124 (1):104-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichelle A. Mendez; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; Lourdes Ballinas; Roberto Hernández Cerón; Damián Viniegra Morales; Francisco A. Baeza Terrazas; María C. Ishida; Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres; R. Jesse Saunders; Zuzana Drobná; Rebecca C. Fry; John Buse; Dana Loomis; Gonzalo G. García-Vargas; Luz Maria Del Razo; Miroslav Stýblo. 2016. "Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chihuahua, Mexico." Environmental Health Perspectives 124, no. 1: 104-111.
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure induces a decrease in glucose type 4 transporter (GLUT4) expression on the adipocyte membrane, which may be related to premature births and low birth weight infants in women exposed to iAs at reproductive age. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) exposure on GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 protein expression and on placental morphology. Female Balb/c mice ( n = 15 ) were exposed to 0, 12, and 20 ppm of NaAsO2in drinking water from 8th to 18th day of gestation. Morphological changes and GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 expression were evaluated in placentas by immunohistochemical and image analysis and correlated with iAs and arsenical species concentration, which were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. NaAsO2exposure induced a significant decrease in fetal and placental weight ( P < 0.01 ) and increases in infarctions and vascular congestion. Whereas GLUT1 expression was unchanged in placentas from exposed group, GLUT3 expression was found increased. In contrast, GLUT4 expression was significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) in placentas from females exposed to 12 ppm. The decrease in placental GLUT4 expression might affect the provision of adequate fetal nutrition and explain the low fetal weight observed in the exposed groups.
Daniela Sarahí Gutiérrez-Torres; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Luz Maria Del Razo; Rocío Infante-Ramírez; Ernesto Ramos-Martínez; Margarita Levario-Carrillo; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez. Prenatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite Alters Placental Glucose 1, 3, and 4 Transporters in Balb/c Mice. BioMed Research International 2015, 2015, 1 -9.
AMA StyleDaniela Sarahí Gutiérrez-Torres, Carmen Gonzalez-Horta, Luz Maria Del Razo, Rocío Infante-Ramírez, Ernesto Ramos-Martínez, Margarita Levario-Carrillo, Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez. Prenatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite Alters Placental Glucose 1, 3, and 4 Transporters in Balb/c Mice. BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela Sarahí Gutiérrez-Torres; Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Luz Maria Del Razo; Rocío Infante-Ramírez; Ernesto Ramos-Martínez; Margarita Levario-Carrillo; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez. 2015. "Prenatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite Alters Placental Glucose 1, 3, and 4 Transporters in Balb/c Mice." BioMed Research International 2015, no. : 1-9.
Fluoride is an important groundwater contaminant, and more than 200 million people are exposed to high fluoride levels in drinking water, the major source of fluoride exposure. Exposure above 2 ppm of fluoride is associated with renal impairment in humans. In rats, moderate levels of fluoride induce kidney injury at early stages in which the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not altered. In the present study, we investigated if sub‐nephrotoxic stimulus induced by fluoride might impact the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin. Male Wistar rats (~21 days) were exposed to 0, 15 or 50 ppm of fluoride through drinking water during 40 days. Afer that, rats were co‐exposed to gentamicin (40 mg kg–1 day–1, 7 days). Gentamicin induced a marked decrease in the GFR and an increase in urinary levels as well as the protein and mRNA expression of biomarkers of early kidney injury, such as Kim‐1. Interestingly, gentamicin nephrotoxicity was less pronounced in groups previously exposed to fluoride than in the group only treated with gentamicin. Fluoride induced Hsp72, a cytoprotective molecule, which might have improved the response against gentamicin. Moreover, fluoride decreased the expression of megalin, a molecule necessary for internalization of gentamicin into the proximal tubule, potentially reducing gentamicin accumulation. The present results suggest that fluoride reduced gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity by inducing a compensatory response carried out by Hsp72 and by decreasing gentamicin accumulation. These findings should not be interpreted to suggest that fluoride is a protective agent as megalin deficiency could lead to serious adverse effects on the kidney physiology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mariana Cardenas; Tania L. Jacobo-Estrada; Rafael Rodriguez-Munoz; Jonatan Barrera-Chimal; Norma A. Bobadilla; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. Sub-chronic exposure to fluoride impacts the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2015, 36, 309 -319.
AMA StyleMariana Cardenas, Tania L. Jacobo-Estrada, Rafael Rodriguez-Munoz, Jonatan Barrera-Chimal, Norma A. Bobadilla, Olivier C. Barbier, Luz M. Del Razo. Sub-chronic exposure to fluoride impacts the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2015; 36 (2):309-319.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariana Cardenas; Tania L. Jacobo-Estrada; Rafael Rodriguez-Munoz; Jonatan Barrera-Chimal; Norma A. Bobadilla; Olivier C. Barbier; Luz M. Del Razo. 2015. "Sub-chronic exposure to fluoride impacts the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin." Journal of Applied Toxicology 36, no. 2: 309-319.
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Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Erika Hernández-Castellanos; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Luz Maria Del Razo. Blood Pressure, Left Ventricular Geometry, and Systolic Function in Children Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015, 123, 629 -635.
AMA StyleCitlalli Osorio-Yáñez, Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara, Laura Arreola-Mendoza, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Erika Hernández-Castellanos, Luz C. Sánchez-Peña, Luz Maria Del Razo. Blood Pressure, Left Ventricular Geometry, and Systolic Function in Children Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2015; 123 (6):629-635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCitlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Julio C. Ayllon-Vergara; Laura Arreola-Mendoza; Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid; Erika Hernández-Castellanos; Luz C. Sánchez-Peña; Luz Maria Del Razo. 2015. "Blood Pressure, Left Ventricular Geometry, and Systolic Function in Children Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic." Environmental Health Perspectives 123, no. 6: 629-635.
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F−) are naturally occurring drinking water contaminants. However, co-exposure to these contaminants and its effects on human health are understudied. The goal of this study was examined exposures to iAs and F− in Chihuahua, Mexico, where exposure to iAs in drinking water has been associated with adverse health effects. All 1119 eligible Chihuahua residents (>18 years) provided a sample of drinking water and spot urine samples. iAs and F− concentrations in water samples ranged from 0.1 to 419.8 µg As/L and from 0.05 to 11.8 mg F−/L. Urinary arsenic (U-tAs) and urinary F− (U-F−) levels ranged from 0.5 to 467.9 ng As/mL and from 0.1 to 14.4 µg F−/mL. A strong positive correlation was found between iAs and F− concentrations in drinking water (rs = 0.741). Similarly, U-tAs levels correlated positively with U-F− concentrations (rs = 0.633). These results show that Chihuahua residents exposed to high iAs concentrations in drinking water are also exposed to high levels of F−, raising questions about possible contribution of F− exposure to the adverse effects that have so far been attributed only to iAs exposure. Thus, investigation of possible interactions between iAs and F− exposures and its related health risks deserves immediate attention.
Carmen Gonzalez-Horta; Lourdes Ballinas; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; María C. Ishida; Angel Barrera-Hernández; Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres; Olga L. Zacarias; R. Jesse Saunders; Zuzana Drobná; Michelle A. Mendez; Gonzalo García-Vargas; Dana Loomis; Miroslav Stýblo; Luz M. Del Razo. A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015, 12, 4587 -4601.
AMA StyleCarmen Gonzalez-Horta, Lourdes Ballinas, Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez, María C. Ishida, Angel Barrera-Hernández, Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres, Olga L. Zacarias, R. Jesse Saunders, Zuzana Drobná, Michelle A. Mendez, Gonzalo García-Vargas, Dana Loomis, Miroslav Stýblo, Luz M. Del Razo. A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12 (5):4587-4601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Gonzalez-Horta; Lourdes Ballinas; Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez; María C. Ishida; Angel Barrera-Hernández; Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres; Olga L. Zacarias; R. Jesse Saunders; Zuzana Drobná; Michelle A. Mendez; Gonzalo García-Vargas; Dana Loomis; Miroslav Stýblo; Luz M. Del Razo. 2015. "A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 5: 4587-4601.