The major purpose of this article is to seek for exact traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear space-time Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation in the sense of conformable derivatives. The novel $\left(\frac{G^{\prime }}{G}\right)$ -expansion method and the generalized Kudryashov method, which are analytical, powerful, and reliable methods, are used to solve the equation via a fractional complex transformation. The exact solutions of the equation, obtained using the novel $\left(\frac{G^{\prime }}{G}\right)$ -expansion method, can be classified in terms of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational function solutions. Applying the generalized Kudryashov method to the equation, we obtain explicit exact solutions expressed as fractional solutions of the exponential functions. The exact solutions obtained using the two methods represent some physical behaviors such as a singularly periodic traveling wave solution and a singular multiple-soliton solution. Some selected solutions of the equation are graphically portrayed including 3-D, 2-D, and contour plots. As a result, some innovative exact solutions of the equation are produced via the methods, and they are not the same as the ones obtained using other techniques utilized previously.

The main aim of this research was to test if fractional-order differential equation models could give better fits than integer-order models to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from subjects with type 1 diabetes. In this research, real continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data was analyzed by three mathematical models, namely, a deterministic first-order differential equation model, a stochastic first-order differential equation model with Brownian motion, and a deterministic fractional-order model. CGM data was analyzed to find optimal values of parameters by using ordinary least squares fitting or maximum likelihood estimation using a kernel-density approximation. Matlab and R programs have been developed for each model to find optimal values of the parameters to fit observed data and to test the usefulness of each model. The fractional-order model giving the best fit has been estimated for each subject. Although our results show that fractional-order models can give better fits to the data than integer-order models in some cases, it is clear that the models need further improvement before they can give satisfactory fits.

In this paper, the $(G^{\prime }/G,1/G)$ -expansion method is applied to acquire some new, exact solutions of certain interesting, nonlinear, fractional-order partial differential equations arising in mathematical physics. The considered equations comprise the time-fractional, (2+1)-dimensional extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, and the space-time-fractional generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) system in the sense of the conformable fractional derivative. Applying traveling wave transformations to the equations, we obtain the corresponding ordinary differential equations in which each of them provides a system of nonlinear algebraic equations when the method is used. As a result, many analytical exact solutions obtained of these equations are expressed in terms of hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational function solutions. The graphical representations of some obtained solutions are demonstrated to better understand their physical features, including bell-shaped solitary wave solutions, singular soliton solutions, solitary wave solutions of kink type, and so on. The method is very efficient, powerful, and reliable for solving the proposed equations and other nonlinear fractional partial differential equations with the aid of a symbolic software package.

Ultrashort pulse propagation in optical transmission lines and phenomena in particle physics can be investigated via the cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation and the Phi-4 equation, respectively. The main objective of this paper is to construct exact traveling wave solutions of the ( 2 + 1 ) $(2 + 1)$ -dimensional cubic–quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation and the Phi-4 equation of space-time fractional orders in the sense of the conformable fractional derivative. The method employed to solve the Ginzburg–Landau equation and the Phi-4 equation are the modified Kudryashov method and the ( G ′ / G , 1 / G ) $(G'/G,1/G)$ -expansion method, respectively. Several types of exact analytical solutions are obtained including reciprocal of exponential function solutions, hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational function solutions. Graphical representations and physical explanations of some of the obtained solutions are demonstrated using a range of fractional orders. All of the solutions have been verified by substitution into their corresponding equations with the aid of a symbolic software package. These methods are simple and efficient for solving the proposed equations.

The core objective of this article is to generate novel exact traveling wave solutions of two nonlinear conformable evolution equations, namely, the $(2+1)$-dimensional conformable time integro-differential Sawada–Kotera (SK) equation and the $(3+1)$-dimensional conformable time modified KdV–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mKdV–ZK) equation using the $(G^{\prime }/G^2)$-expansion method. These two equations associate with conformable partial derivatives with respect to time which the former equation is firstly proposed in the form of the conformable integro-differential equation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the two equations have not been solved by means of the $(G^{\prime }/G^2)$-expansion method for their exact solutions. As a result, some exact solutions of the equations expressed in terms of trigonometric, exponential, and rational function solutions are reported here for the first time. Furthermore, graphical representations of some selected solutions, plotted using some specific sets of the parameter values and the fractional orders, reveal certain physical features such as a singular single-soliton solution and a doubly periodic wave solution. These kinds of the solutions are usually discovered in natural phenomena. In particular, the soliton solution, which is a solitary wave whose amplitude, velocity, and shape are conserved after a collision with another soliton for a nondissipative system, arises ubiquitously in fluid mechanics, fiber optics, atomic physics, water waves, and plasmas. The method, along with the help of symbolic software packages, can be efficiently and simply used to solve the proposed problems for trustworthy and accurate exact solutions. Consequently, the method could be employed to determine some new exact solutions for other nonlinear conformable evolution equations.

The key objective of this paper is to construct exact traveling wave solutions of the conformable time second integro-differential Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy equation using the Exp-function method and the (2 + 1)-dimensional conformable time partial integro-differential Jaulent–Miodek (JM) evolution equation utilizing the generalized Kudryashov method. These two problems involve the conformable partial derivative with respect to time. Initially, the conformable time partial integro-differential equations can be converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via a fractional complex transformation. The resulting equations are then analytically solved via the corresponding methods. As a result, the explicit exact solutions for these two equations can be expressed in terms of exponential functions. Setting some specific parameter values and varying values of the fractional order in the equations, their 3D, 2D, and contour solutions are graphically shown and physically characterized as, for instance, a bell-shaped solitary wave solution, a kink-type solution, and a singular multiple-soliton solution. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the results of the equations obtained using the proposed methods are novel and reported here for the first time. The methods are simple, very powerful, and reliable for solving other nonlinear conformable time partial integro-differential equations arising in many applications.