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Biomass gasification for energy purposes has several advantages, such as the mitigation of global warming and national energy independency. In the present work, the data from an innovative and intensified steam/oxygen biomass gasification process, integrating a gas filtration step directly inside the reactor, are presented. The produced gas at the outlet of the 1 MWth gasification pilot plant was analysed in terms of its main gaseous products (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane) and contaminants. Experimental test sets were carried out at 0.25–0.28 Equivalence Ratio (ER), 0.4–0.5 Steam/Biomass (S/B), and 780–850 °C gasification temperature. Almond shells were selected as biomass feedstock and supplied to the reactor at approximately 120 and 150 kgdry/h. Based on the collected data, the in-vessel filtration system showed a dust removal efficiency higher than 99%-wt. A gas yield of 1.2 Nm3dry/kgdaf and a producer gas with a dry composition of 27–33%v H2, 23–29%v CO, 31–36%v CO2, 9–11%v CH4, and light hydrocarbons lower than 1%v were also observed. Correspondingly, a Low Heating Value (LHV) of 10.3–10.9 MJ/Nm3dry and a cold gas efficiency (CGE) up to 75% were estimated. Overall, the collected data allowed for the assessment of the preliminary performances of the intensified gasification process and provided the data to validate a simulative model developed through Aspen Plus software.
Donatella Barisano; Giuseppe Canneto; Francesco Nanna; Antonio Villone; Emanuele Fanelli; Cesare Freda; Massimiliano Grieco; Giacinto Cornacchia; Giacobbe Braccio; Vera Marcantonio; Enrico Bocci; Pier Foscolo; Steffen Heidenreich. Investigation of an Intensified Thermo-Chemical Experimental Set-Up for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: Gasification Process Performance—Part I. Processes 2021, 9, 1104 .
AMA StyleDonatella Barisano, Giuseppe Canneto, Francesco Nanna, Antonio Villone, Emanuele Fanelli, Cesare Freda, Massimiliano Grieco, Giacinto Cornacchia, Giacobbe Braccio, Vera Marcantonio, Enrico Bocci, Pier Foscolo, Steffen Heidenreich. Investigation of an Intensified Thermo-Chemical Experimental Set-Up for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: Gasification Process Performance—Part I. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonatella Barisano; Giuseppe Canneto; Francesco Nanna; Antonio Villone; Emanuele Fanelli; Cesare Freda; Massimiliano Grieco; Giacinto Cornacchia; Giacobbe Braccio; Vera Marcantonio; Enrico Bocci; Pier Foscolo; Steffen Heidenreich. 2021. "Investigation of an Intensified Thermo-Chemical Experimental Set-Up for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: Gasification Process Performance—Part I." Processes 9, no. 7: 1104.
The production of dimethyl ether from renewables or waste is a promising strategy to push towards a sustainable energy transition of alternative eco-friendly diesel fuel. In this work, we simulate the synthesis of dimethyl ether from a syngas (a mixture of CO, CO2 and H2) produced from gasification of digestate. In particular, a thermodynamic analysis was performed to individuate the best process conditions and syngas conditioning processes to maximize yield to dimethyl etehr (DME). Process simulation was carried out by ChemCAD software, and it was particularly focused on the effect of process conditions of both water gas shift and CO2 absorption by Selexol® on the syngas composition, with a direct influence on DME productivity. The final best flowsheet and the best process conditions were evaluated in terms of CO2 equivalent emissions. Results show direct DME synthesis global yield was higher without the WGS section and with a carbon capture equal to 85%. The final environmental impact was found equal to −113 kgCO2/GJ, demonstrating that DME synthesis from digestate may be considered as a suitable strategy for carbon dioxide recycling.
Aristide Giuliano; Enrico Catizzone; Cesare Freda. Process Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Dimethyl Ether Production from Digestate-Derived Syngas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 807 .
AMA StyleAristide Giuliano, Enrico Catizzone, Cesare Freda. Process Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Dimethyl Ether Production from Digestate-Derived Syngas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):807.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAristide Giuliano; Enrico Catizzone; Cesare Freda. 2021. "Process Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Dimethyl Ether Production from Digestate-Derived Syngas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 807.
The biomass-to-methanol process may play an important role in introducing renewables in the industry chain for chemical and fuel production. Gasification is a thermochemical process to produce syngas from biomass, but additional steps are requested to obtain a syngas composition suitable for methanol synthesis. The aim of this work is to perform a computer-aided process simulation to produce methanol starting from a syngas produced by oxygen–steam biomass gasification, whose details are reported in the literature. Syngas from biomass gasification was compressed to 80 bar, which may be considered an optimal pressure for methanol synthesis. The simulation was mainly focused on the water–gas shift/carbon capture sections requested to obtain a syngas with a (H2 − CO2)/(CO + CO2) molar ratio of about 2, which is optimal for methanol synthesis. Both capital and operating costs were calculated as a function of the CO conversion in the water–gas shift (WGS) step and CO2 absorption level in the carbon capture (CC) unit (by Selexol® process). The obtained results show the optimal CO conversion is 40% with CO2 capture from the syngas equal to 95%. The effect of the WGS conversion level on methanol production cost was also assessed. For the optimal case, a methanol production cost equal to 0.540 €/kg was calculated.
Aristide Giuliano; Cesare Freda; Enrico Catizzone. Techno-Economic Assessment of Bio-Syngas Production for Methanol Synthesis: A Focus on the Water–Gas Shift and Carbon Capture Sections. Bioengineering 2020, 7, 70 .
AMA StyleAristide Giuliano, Cesare Freda, Enrico Catizzone. Techno-Economic Assessment of Bio-Syngas Production for Methanol Synthesis: A Focus on the Water–Gas Shift and Carbon Capture Sections. Bioengineering. 2020; 7 (3):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAristide Giuliano; Cesare Freda; Enrico Catizzone. 2020. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Bio-Syngas Production for Methanol Synthesis: A Focus on the Water–Gas Shift and Carbon Capture Sections." Bioengineering 7, no. 3: 70.
Cesare Freda; Ulisse Vittoria; Emanuele Fanelli; Giacinto Cornacchia; Giacobbe Braccio. Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification by Different Agents. TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 2020, 62, 129 -134.
AMA StyleCesare Freda, Ulisse Vittoria, Emanuele Fanelli, Giacinto Cornacchia, Giacobbe Braccio. Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification by Different Agents. TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science. 2020; 62 (2-4):129-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesare Freda; Ulisse Vittoria; Emanuele Fanelli; Giacinto Cornacchia; Giacobbe Braccio. 2020. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification by Different Agents." TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 62, no. 2-4: 129-134.
This paper explores a possible waste-based economy transition strategy. Digestate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is considered, as well as a low-added value product to be properly valorized. In this regard, air gasification may be used to produce syngas. In this work, the production of methanol, hydrogen, or electricity from digestate-derived syngas was assessed by ChemCAD process simulation software. The process scheme of methanol production comprises the following parts: water gas shift (WGS) with carbon capture and storage units (CCS), methanol synthesis, and methanol purification. In the case of hydrogen production, after WGS-CCS, hydrogen was purified from residual nitrogen by pressure swing absorption (PSA). Finally, for electricity production, the digestate-derived syngas was used as fuel in an internal combustion engine. The main objective of this work is to compare the proposed scenarios in terms of CO2 emission intensity and the effect of CO2 storage. In particular, CCS units were used for methanol or hydrogen production with the aim of obtaining high equilibrium yield toward these products. On the basis of 100 kt/year of digestate, results show that the global CO2 savings were 80, 71, and 69 ktCO2eq/year for electricity, methanol, and hydrogen production, respectively. If carbon storage was considered, savings of about 105 and 99 ktCO2eq/year were achieved with methanol and hydrogen production, respectively. The proposed scenarios may provide an attractive option for transitioning into methanol or hydrogen economy of the future.
Aristide Giuliano; Enrico Catizzone; Cesare Freda; Giacinto Cornacchia. Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation. Processes 2020, 8, 526 .
AMA StyleAristide Giuliano, Enrico Catizzone, Cesare Freda, Giacinto Cornacchia. Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation. Processes. 2020; 8 (5):526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAristide Giuliano; Enrico Catizzone; Cesare Freda; Giacinto Cornacchia. 2020. "Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation." Processes 8, no. 5: 526.
In this study energy recovery of digestate from a biogas plant was investigated via air gasification. Gasification tests were executed in a pilot scale rotary kiln plant having a nominal biomass feeding rate of about 20 kg/h. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.22 to 0.39 with the goal to approach the autothermal condition. Tests were carried out for 5 h in steady state condition. Syngas composition, char and gas yields were measured. To improve the cold gas efficiency of the process, a mixture of digestate and almond shells (60:40 wt%) was gasified. Autothermal condition was reached with the mixture using equivalence ratio of 0.30 where the corresponding cold gas efficiency achieved the maximum value of 55%. The raw gas had a lower heating value of 4–5 MJ/Nm3. To evaluate possible improvements in the produced gas properties, in this work the effect of steam injection was also investigated.
C. Freda; F. Nanna; A. Villone; D. Barisano; S. Brandani; Giacinto Cornacchia. Air gasification of digestate and its co-gasification with residual biomass in a pilot scale rotary kiln. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 2019, 10, 335 -346.
AMA StyleC. Freda, F. Nanna, A. Villone, D. Barisano, S. Brandani, Giacinto Cornacchia. Air gasification of digestate and its co-gasification with residual biomass in a pilot scale rotary kiln. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. 2019; 10 (3):335-346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Freda; F. Nanna; A. Villone; D. Barisano; S. Brandani; Giacinto Cornacchia. 2019. "Air gasification of digestate and its co-gasification with residual biomass in a pilot scale rotary kiln." International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 3: 335-346.
Submicronic powder of silicon carbide was synthesized in a pilot novel radiofrequency plasma torch reactor. The precursors were pyrolysis char and silica powders both with micrometric size. The mass rate of the precursor powder varied in the range 600-2500 g/h. The maximum test time was approximately 3 h. With the goal to increase the process yield, several technical measures were implemented. Silicon carbide yield was above 70 wt% when the plasma flame was confined by a tube that prolonged the residence time of the reactants at the useful temperature for the advancement of reaction. The silicon carbide was characterized by XRD, SEM, and DLS. Both α and β-crystalline phases were detected.
C. Freda; G. Cornacchia; A. Donatelli; M. Corrado; M. Martino; A. De Girolamo Del Mauro; S. Galvagno. A novel thermal plasma-based technology for submicronic silicon carbide production at pilot scale. Cerâmica 2019, 65, 92 -98.
AMA StyleC. Freda, G. Cornacchia, A. Donatelli, M. Corrado, M. Martino, A. De Girolamo Del Mauro, S. Galvagno. A novel thermal plasma-based technology for submicronic silicon carbide production at pilot scale. Cerâmica. 2019; 65 (373):92-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Freda; G. Cornacchia; A. Donatelli; M. Corrado; M. Martino; A. De Girolamo Del Mauro; S. Galvagno. 2019. "A novel thermal plasma-based technology for submicronic silicon carbide production at pilot scale." Cerâmica 65, no. 373: 92-98.
Cesare Freda; Giacinto Cornacchia; Assunta Romanelli; Vito Valerio; Massimiliano Grieco. Sewage sludge gasification in a bench scale rotary kiln. Fuel 2018, 212, 88 -94.
AMA StyleCesare Freda, Giacinto Cornacchia, Assunta Romanelli, Vito Valerio, Massimiliano Grieco. Sewage sludge gasification in a bench scale rotary kiln. Fuel. 2018; 212 ():88-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesare Freda; Giacinto Cornacchia; Assunta Romanelli; Vito Valerio; Massimiliano Grieco. 2018. "Sewage sludge gasification in a bench scale rotary kiln." Fuel 212, no. : 88-94.
Automotive shredder residue (ASR) can create difficulties when managing, with its production increasing. It is made of different type of plastics, foams, elastomers, wood, glasses and textiles. For this reason, it is complicated to dispose of in a cost effective way, while also respecting the stringent environmental restrictions. Among thermal treatments, pyrolysis seems to offer an environmentally attractive method for the treatment of ASR; it also allows for the recovery of valuable secondary materials/fuels such as pyrolysis oils, chars, and gas. While, there is a great deal of significant research on ASR pyrolysis, the literature on higher scale pyrolysis experiments is limited. To improve current literature, the aim of the study was to investigate the pyrolysis of ASR in a bench scale rotary kiln. The Italian ASR was separated by dry-sieving into two particle size fractions: d30mm. Both the streams were grounded, pelletized and then pyrolyzed in a continuous bench scale rotary kiln at 450, 550 and 650°C. The mass flow rate of the ASR pellets was 200-350g/h and each test ran for about 4-5h. The produced char, pyrolysis oil and syngas were quantified to determine product distribution. They were thoroughly analyzed with regard to their chemical and physical properties. The results show how higher temperatures increase the pyrolysis gas yield (44wt% at 650°C) as well as its heating value. The low heating value (LHV) of syngas ranges between 18 and 26MJ/Nmdry. The highest pyrolysis oil yield (33wt.%) was observed at 550°C and its LHV ranges between 12.5 and 14.5MJ/kg. Furthermore, only two out of the six produced chars respect the LHV limit set by the Italian environmental regulations for landfilling. The obtained results in terms of product distribution and their chemical-physical analyses provide useful information for plant scale-up.
Michele Notarnicola; Giacinto Cornacchia; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Di Canio; Cesare Freda; Pietro Garzone; Maria Martino; Vito Valerio; Antonio Villone. Pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue in a bench scale rotary kiln. Waste Management 2017, 65, 92 -103.
AMA StyleMichele Notarnicola, Giacinto Cornacchia, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Di Canio, Cesare Freda, Pietro Garzone, Maria Martino, Vito Valerio, Antonio Villone. Pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue in a bench scale rotary kiln. Waste Management. 2017; 65 ():92-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Notarnicola; Giacinto Cornacchia; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Di Canio; Cesare Freda; Pietro Garzone; Maria Martino; Vito Valerio; Antonio Villone. 2017. "Pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue in a bench scale rotary kiln." Waste Management 65, no. : 92-103.
F. Califano; C. Mongiello; Cesare Freda. Combined Heat and Power Production from Meat and Bone Meal via Gasification and Gas Turbine: Technical and Economic Analysis. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2016, 8, 975 -986.
AMA StyleF. Califano, C. Mongiello, Cesare Freda. Combined Heat and Power Production from Meat and Bone Meal via Gasification and Gas Turbine: Technical and Economic Analysis. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2016; 8 (3):975-986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Califano; C. Mongiello; Cesare Freda. 2016. "Combined Heat and Power Production from Meat and Bone Meal via Gasification and Gas Turbine: Technical and Economic Analysis." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 3: 975-986.
Plasma synthesized SiC powder obtained from quartz and carbonaceous residue of waste tires was successfully sintered at 1925 °C by pressureless liquid-phase method using yttria and alumina as sintering aids (T-SiC). Comparison with sintered SiC obtained from commercial powder (C-SiC) put in evidence of similar sintered density (98%T.D.), but much finer microstructure of T-SiC than that of C-SiC. T-SiC also showed higher flexural strength than C-SiC both at room temperature (508 vs. 458 MPa) and at 1500 °C (280 vs. 171 MPa). Difference in liquid phase was responsible for the differences in hardness and fracture toughness. The high value of the Young’s modulus of T-SiC (427 MPa) confirmed the high degree of sinterability of this powder and that it can be a promising candidate for structural applications with high added value.
G. Magnani; S. Galvagno; G. Sico; S. Portofino; Cesare Freda; E. Burresi. Sintering and mechanical properties of β‐SiC powder obtained from waste tires. Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2016, 5, 40 -46.
AMA StyleG. Magnani, S. Galvagno, G. Sico, S. Portofino, Cesare Freda, E. Burresi. Sintering and mechanical properties of β‐SiC powder obtained from waste tires. Journal of Advanced Ceramics. 2016; 5 (1):40-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Magnani; S. Galvagno; G. Sico; S. Portofino; Cesare Freda; E. Burresi. 2016. "Sintering and mechanical properties of β‐SiC powder obtained from waste tires." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 5, no. 1: 40-46.
The gas-particles flow in an interconnected bubbling fluidized cold model is simulated using a commercial CFD package by Ansys. Conservation equations of mass and momentum are solved using the Eulerian granular multiphase model. Bubbles formation and their paths are analyzed to investigate the behaviour of the bed at different gas velocities. Experimental tests, carried out by the cold model, are compared with simulation runs to study the fluidization quality and to estimate the circulation of solid particles in the bed.
Giuseppe Canneto; Cesare Freda; Giacobbe Braccio. Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in an interconnected fluidized bed. Thermal Science 2015, 19, 317 -328.
AMA StyleGiuseppe Canneto, Cesare Freda, Giacobbe Braccio. Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in an interconnected fluidized bed. Thermal Science. 2015; 19 (1):317-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Canneto; Cesare Freda; Giacobbe Braccio. 2015. "Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in an interconnected fluidized bed." Thermal Science 19, no. 1: 317-328.
A. Blasi; G. Fiorenza; C. Freda; V. Calabrò. Steam reforming of biofuels for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Membranes for Clean and Renewable Power Applications 2014, 145 -181.
AMA StyleA. Blasi, G. Fiorenza, C. Freda, V. Calabrò. Steam reforming of biofuels for the production of hydrogen-rich gas. Membranes for Clean and Renewable Power Applications. 2014; ():145-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Blasi; G. Fiorenza; C. Freda; V. Calabrò. 2014. "Steam reforming of biofuels for the production of hydrogen-rich gas." Membranes for Clean and Renewable Power Applications , no. : 145-181.
A modified Olivine, enriched in iron content (10% Fe/Olivine), and a natural bauxite, were tested in the in-bed reduction of tar and alkali halides (NaCl and KCl) released in a process of biomass steam/O(2) gasification. The tests were carried out at an ICBFB bench scale reactor under the operating conditions of: 855-890 °C, atmospheric pressure, 0.5 steam/biomass and 0.33 ER ratios. From the use of the two materials, a reduction in the contaminant contents of the fuel gas produced was found. For the alkali halides, a decrease up to 70%(wt) was observed for the potassium concentration, while for sodium, the reduction was found to be quite poor. For the organic content, compared to unmodified Olivine, the chromatographically determined total tar quantity showed a removal efficiency of 38%(wt). Moreover, regarding the particulate content a rough doubling in the fuel gas revealed a certain brittleness of the new bed material.
D. Barisano; C. Freda; F. Nanna; E. Fanelli; A. Villone. Biomass gasification and in-bed contaminants removal: Performance of iron enriched Olivine and bauxite in a process of steam/O2 gasification. Bioresource Technology 2012, 118, 187 -194.
AMA StyleD. Barisano, C. Freda, F. Nanna, E. Fanelli, A. Villone. Biomass gasification and in-bed contaminants removal: Performance of iron enriched Olivine and bauxite in a process of steam/O2 gasification. Bioresource Technology. 2012; 118 ():187-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Barisano; C. Freda; F. Nanna; E. Fanelli; A. Villone. 2012. "Biomass gasification and in-bed contaminants removal: Performance of iron enriched Olivine and bauxite in a process of steam/O2 gasification." Bioresource Technology 118, no. : 187-194.
Corn stover was treated by steam explosion process at four different temperatures. A fraction of the four exploded matters was extracted by water. The eight samples (four from steam explosion and four from water extraction of exploded matters) were analysed by wet chemical way to quantify the amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere was executed on the eight samples. A mathematical tool was developed, using TGA data, to determine the composition of corn stover in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It uses the biomass degradation temperature as multiple linear function of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of the biomass with interactive terms. The mathematical tool predicted cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents with average absolute errors of 1.69, 5.59 and 0.74 %, respectively, compared to the wet chemical method.
Cesare Freda; Francesco Zimbardi; Francesco Nanna; Egidio Viola. Mathematical Tool from Corn Stover TGA to Determine Its Composition. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2012, 167, 2283 -2294.
AMA StyleCesare Freda, Francesco Zimbardi, Francesco Nanna, Egidio Viola. Mathematical Tool from Corn Stover TGA to Determine Its Composition. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2012; 167 (8):2283-2294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesare Freda; Francesco Zimbardi; Francesco Nanna; Egidio Viola. 2012. "Mathematical Tool from Corn Stover TGA to Determine Its Composition." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 167, no. 8: 2283-2294.
This work deals with the simulation of an olive pits fed rotary kiln pyrolysis plant installed in Southern Italy. The pyrolysis process was simulated by commercial software CHEMCAD. The main component of the plant, the pyrolyzer, was modelled by a Plug Flow Reactor in accordance to the kinetic laws. Products distribution and the temperature profile was calculated along reactor's axis. Simulation results have been found to fit well the experimental data of pyrolysis. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were executed to investigate the effect of biomass moisture on the pyrolysis process.
Enzo Benanti; Cesare Freda; Vincenzo Lorefice; Giacobbe Braccio; Vinod Sharma. Simulation of olive pits pyrolysis in a rotary kiln plant. Thermal Science 2011, 15, 145 -158.
AMA StyleEnzo Benanti, Cesare Freda, Vincenzo Lorefice, Giacobbe Braccio, Vinod Sharma. Simulation of olive pits pyrolysis in a rotary kiln plant. Thermal Science. 2011; 15 (1):145-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnzo Benanti; Cesare Freda; Vincenzo Lorefice; Giacobbe Braccio; Vinod Sharma. 2011. "Simulation of olive pits pyrolysis in a rotary kiln plant." Thermal Science 15, no. 1: 145-158.