Sugarcane bagasse is a lignocellulosic waste from sugar mills and agricultural processing. The aim of this research was evaluation of alkaline pretreatment on the chemical composition and structure of sugarcane bagasse. Pretreatment was conducted with cooking by sodium hydroxide. It was carried out at 12 L reactor with concentrations variation. Meanwhile, times variations were conducted for 15, 30, 40, and 45minutes, respectively. Sugarcane bagasse characteristics before and after pretreatment have been analyzed by X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrometer. The results showed that the lowest lignin content (7.16%) was the treatment by NaOH 1N for 30minutes

Cellulose-based coatings have good coating-forming properties, and their applications have attracted much attention for tropical fruits. However, reviews of coating mechanical properties effects on the tropical fruit are limited. This article reviews cellulose-based coating materials, synthesis and functional properties of cellulose-based coatings, incorporation of active agents into coating material, and the effects of coatings on tropical fruit quality. The greater hydrophilicity of carboxymethyl cellulose is suitable for the coatings of tropical fruits. To properly preserve the quality of tropical fruits, it is crucial to choose coating materials according to their physical qualities. Coating characteristics and usefulness can be enhanced by minimizing the adverse effects of physical, chemical, and microbial factors when bioactive substances are included or encapsulated into the coating material. This review gives more understanding in selecting an appropriate coating for tropical fruits to retain their quality and prolong their shelf life without deep concern for food loss during distribution, storage, and at retailers.

Research was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and fermentation time of crude cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei on straw substrate. The research was arranged in a randomized complete factorial design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the temperature of fermentation consists of two levels, 27 ̊C and 37 ̊C. The second factor is the time fermentation consists of three levels, namely 5 d, 7 d, and 9 d. The results showed that the temperature and fermentation period significantly affect the observed parameters on crude cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei. The optimal treatment combination to produce crude cellulase with maximum activity is at 27 ̊C and fermentation time of 9 d with an average value of cellulase activity (filter paperase) and soluble protein respectively 0.041 193 7 unit·mL–1 and 0.021 613 mg·mL–1