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Mr. Eka Djatnika Nugraha
Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia

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0 Health Sciences
0 Radiation Protection
0 Radioactivity
0 Radiochemistry
0 Environmental monitoring

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Radon and Thoron
Radiation Protection
Radioactivity

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Conference
South Korea
Date: 18 January 2021-5 February 2021
Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Atmosphere
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Recently, some commercially available active-type radon–thoron monitors were developed; however, their performance has not been characterized. This article presents the characteristics of three commercially available active-type radon–thoron monitors (RAD7, Radon Mapper, and AlphaGUARD) at different sampling flow rates. The thoron concentration measured by the monitors was compared with the reference value measured by a grab sampling method. As a result, the ratio of the measured concentration to the reference increased with flow rate for the RAD7 and the Radon Mapper although that of the AlphaGUARD decreased. The difference may be attributed to the coefficients used in the calculation and the measurement time scheme. The results indicate the importance of the sampling flow rate in thoron measurement. Monitoring of flow rate at the measurement and periodic calibration at multiple sampling flow rates should be conducted for quality assurance and quality control of the measurand.

ACS Style

Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; Yuto Jin; Hiromu Kobayashi; Eka Nugraha; Aoi Sanpei; Mizuki Kiso; Hiroki Hashimoto; Ryoju Negami; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. Characterization of Commercially Available Active-Type Radon–Thoron Monitors at Different Sampling Flow Rates. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 971 .

AMA Style

Yuki Tamakuma, Chutima Kranrod, Yuto Jin, Hiromu Kobayashi, Eka Nugraha, Aoi Sanpei, Mizuki Kiso, Hiroki Hashimoto, Ryoju Negami, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami. Characterization of Commercially Available Active-Type Radon–Thoron Monitors at Different Sampling Flow Rates. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; Yuto Jin; Hiromu Kobayashi; Eka Nugraha; Aoi Sanpei; Mizuki Kiso; Hiroki Hashimoto; Ryoju Negami; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. 2021. "Characterization of Commercially Available Active-Type Radon–Thoron Monitors at Different Sampling Flow Rates." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 971.

Article
Published: 25 July 2021 in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
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Some areas around the world have anomalies with high natural radiation that may affect public health due to chronic-low-dose radiation exposure. In the paper, we summarized several studies that find Mamuju, Indonesia, a unique high natural radiation area. The majority of the relevant papers are about monitoring, main sources, and influential factors for the enhancement of radon and dose assessments. Under these circumstances, the Mamuju region is regarded as a promising area for conducting epidemiological studies, and it will provide a unique opportunity for improving and expanding low-dose-rate data on human health effects.

ACS Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Masahiro Hosoda; Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; June Mellawati; Naofumi Akata; Shinji Tokonami. A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Masahiro Hosoda, Yuki Tamakuma, Chutima Kranrod, June Mellawati, Naofumi Akata, Shinji Tokonami. A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Masahiro Hosoda; Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; June Mellawati; Naofumi Akata; Shinji Tokonami. 2021. "A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

ACS Style

Eka Nugraha; Masahiro Hosoda; June Mellawati; Untara Untara; Ilsa Rosianna; Yuki Tamakuma; Oumar Modibo; Chutima Kranrod; Kusdiana Kusdiana; Shinji Tokonami. Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 920 .

AMA Style

Eka Nugraha, Masahiro Hosoda, June Mellawati, Untara Untara, Ilsa Rosianna, Yuki Tamakuma, Oumar Modibo, Chutima Kranrod, Kusdiana Kusdiana, Shinji Tokonami. Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eka Nugraha; Masahiro Hosoda; June Mellawati; Untara Untara; Ilsa Rosianna; Yuki Tamakuma; Oumar Modibo; Chutima Kranrod; Kusdiana Kusdiana; Shinji Tokonami. 2021. "Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 920.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Geosciences
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Mamuju is a region of Indonesia with relatively high exposure to natural radiation. Since 2012, Mamuju has been a uranium and thorium exploration area. Several mapping studies of the region have been carried out to depict NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material) areas and areas with uranium anomalies. This paper is the first study to use radioactivity measurements of laterite and volcanic rocks to determine the characteristics of radionuclides and other mineral measurements, which are essential for categorising Mamuju rocks and exploring the region as a potential mining area. The radioactivity of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Furthermore, we used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the rock mineral composition. Mamuju is anomalous due to its high content of 238U and 232Th concentrations of 539–128,699 Bq·kg−1 (average: 22,882 Bq·kg−1) and 471–288,639 Bq·kg−1 (average: 33,549 Bq·kg−1), respectively. The major elements are dominant, including Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and Na2O, with several other major elements such as MnO, TiO2, and CaO.

ACS Style

Ilsa Rosianna; Eka Nugraha; Heri Syaeful; Sugili Putra; Masahiro Hosoda; Naofumi Akata; Shinji Tokonami. Natural Radioactivity of Laterite and Volcanic Rock Sample for Radioactive Mineral Exploration in Mamuju, Indonesia. Geosciences 2020, 10, 376 .

AMA Style

Ilsa Rosianna, Eka Nugraha, Heri Syaeful, Sugili Putra, Masahiro Hosoda, Naofumi Akata, Shinji Tokonami. Natural Radioactivity of Laterite and Volcanic Rock Sample for Radioactive Mineral Exploration in Mamuju, Indonesia. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (9):376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilsa Rosianna; Eka Nugraha; Heri Syaeful; Sugili Putra; Masahiro Hosoda; Naofumi Akata; Shinji Tokonami. 2020. "Natural Radioactivity of Laterite and Volcanic Rock Sample for Radioactive Mineral Exploration in Mamuju, Indonesia." Geosciences 10, no. 9: 376.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The biological effects of low dose-rate radiation exposures on humans remains unknown. In fact, the Japanese nation still struggles with this issue after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Recently, we have found a unique area in Indonesia where naturally high radiation levels are present, resulting in chronic low dose-rate radiation exposures. We aimed to estimate the comprehensive dose due to internal and external exposures at the particularly high natural radiation area, and to discuss the enhancement mechanism of radon. A car-borne survey was conducted to estimate the external doses from terrestrial radiation. Indoor radon measurements were made in 47 dwellings over three to five months, covering the two typical seasons, to estimate the internal doses. Atmospheric radon gases were simultaneously collected at several heights to evaluate the vertical distribution. The absorbed dose rates in air in the study area vary widely between 50 nGy h−1 and 1109 nGy h−1. Indoor radon concentrations ranged from 124 Bq m−3 to 1015 Bq m−3. That is, the indoor radon concentrations measured exceed the reference levels of 100 Bq m−3 recommended by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, the outdoor radon concentrations measured were comparable to the high indoor radon concentrations. The annual effective dose due to external and internal exposures in the study area was estimated to be 27 mSv using the median values. It was found that many residents are receiving radiation exposure from natural radionuclides over the dose limit for occupational exposure to radiation workers. This enhanced outdoor radon concentration might be as a result of the stable atmospheric conditions generated at an exceptionally low altitude. Our findings suggest that this area provides a unique opportunity to conduct an epidemiological study related to health effects due to chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure.

ACS Style

Masahiro Hosoda; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Naofumi Akata; Ryohei Yamada; Yuki Tamakuma; Michiya Sasaki; Kevin Kelleher; Shinji Yoshinaga; Takahito Suzuki; Chanis Pornnumpa Rattanapongs; Masahide Furukawa; Masaru Yamaguchi; Kazuki Iwaoka; Tetsuya Sanada; Tomisato Miura; Kusdiana; Dadong Iskandar; Eko Pudjadi; Ikuo Kashiwakura; Shinji Tokonami. A unique high natural background radiation area – Dose assessment and perspectives. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 750, 142346 .

AMA Style

Masahiro Hosoda, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Naofumi Akata, Ryohei Yamada, Yuki Tamakuma, Michiya Sasaki, Kevin Kelleher, Shinji Yoshinaga, Takahito Suzuki, Chanis Pornnumpa Rattanapongs, Masahide Furukawa, Masaru Yamaguchi, Kazuki Iwaoka, Tetsuya Sanada, Tomisato Miura, Kusdiana, Dadong Iskandar, Eko Pudjadi, Ikuo Kashiwakura, Shinji Tokonami. A unique high natural background radiation area – Dose assessment and perspectives. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 750 ():142346.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masahiro Hosoda; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Naofumi Akata; Ryohei Yamada; Yuki Tamakuma; Michiya Sasaki; Kevin Kelleher; Shinji Yoshinaga; Takahito Suzuki; Chanis Pornnumpa Rattanapongs; Masahide Furukawa; Masaru Yamaguchi; Kazuki Iwaoka; Tetsuya Sanada; Tomisato Miura; Kusdiana; Dadong Iskandar; Eko Pudjadi; Ikuo Kashiwakura; Shinji Tokonami. 2020. "A unique high natural background radiation area – Dose assessment and perspectives." Science of The Total Environment 750, no. : 142346.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020
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ACS Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. Dose Assessment of Radium-226 in Drinking Water from Mamuju, a High Background Radiation Area of Indonesia. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. Dose Assessment of Radium-226 in Drinking Water from Mamuju, a High Background Radiation Area of Indonesia. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. 2020. "Dose Assessment of Radium-226 in Drinking Water from Mamuju, a High Background Radiation Area of Indonesia." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently recommended a new dose conversion factor for radon based on the latest epidemiological studies and dosimetric model. It is important to evaluate an inhalation dose from radon and its progeny. In the present study, a passive radon personal monitor was designed using a small container for storing contact lenses and its performance was evaluated. The conversion factor for radon (222Rn), the effect of thoron (220Rn) concentration and the air exchange rate were evaluated using the calibration chamber at Hirosaki University. The minimum and maximum detectable radon concentrations were calculated. The conversion factor was evaluated as 2.0 ± 0.3 tracks cm−2 per kBq h m−3; statistical analyses of results showed no significant effect from thoron concentration. The minimum and maximum detectable radon concentrations were 92 Bq m−3 and 231 kBq m−3 for a measurement period of three months, respectively. The air exchange rate was estimated to be 0.26 ± 0.16 h−1, whose effect on the measured time-integrated radon concentration was small. These results indicate that the monitor could be used as a wearable monitor for radon measurements, especially in places where radon concentrations may be relatively high, such as mines and caves.

ACS Style

Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; Takahito Suzuki; Yuki Watanabe; Thamaborn Ploykrathok; Ryoju Negami; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Kazuki Iwaoka; Mirosław Janik; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. Passive-Type Radon Monitor Constructed Using a Small Container for Personal Dosimetry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5660 .

AMA Style

Yuki Tamakuma, Chutima Kranrod, Takahito Suzuki, Yuki Watanabe, Thamaborn Ploykrathok, Ryoju Negami, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Kazuki Iwaoka, Mirosław Janik, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami. Passive-Type Radon Monitor Constructed Using a Small Container for Personal Dosimetry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuki Tamakuma; Chutima Kranrod; Takahito Suzuki; Yuki Watanabe; Thamaborn Ploykrathok; Ryoju Negami; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Kazuki Iwaoka; Mirosław Janik; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. 2020. "Passive-Type Radon Monitor Constructed Using a Small Container for Personal Dosimetry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5660.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Nukleonika
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The exposure from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny was measured for 45 dwellings in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Indonesia with ambient dose equivalent rate ranging from 0.34 μSv h−1 to 1.90 μSv h−1. The measurement was taken using passive radon and thoron discriminative detector and thoron progeny detector. This measurement was taken from November 2018 to October 2019, and within one month the detector would be replaced with a new detector. The concentrations of radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were calculated as 42–490 Bq m−3, 20–618 Bq m−3, and 4–40 Bq m−3, respectively. The concentrations for outdoor were 49–435 Bq m−3, 23–457 Bq m−3, and 4–37 Bq m−3, respectively, and the annual effective dose was 9.8–28.6 mSv y−1. Based on the result of Spearman’s correlations analysis between the indoor radon and thoron concentrations and between the indoor thoron progeny and thoron concentrations, we suggest that exposure to thoron cannot be predicted from exposure to radon, and the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration has a large uncertainty when it is estimated from thoron concentration assuming a single thoron equilibrium factor.

ACS Style

Miki Arian Saputra; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Tri Purwanti; Rokhmat Arifianto; Roza Indra Laksmana; Richard P. Hutabarat; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. Exposures from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Mamuju, Indonesia. Nukleonika 2020, 65, 89 -94.

AMA Style

Miki Arian Saputra, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Tri Purwanti, Rokhmat Arifianto, Roza Indra Laksmana, Richard P. Hutabarat, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami. Exposures from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Mamuju, Indonesia. Nukleonika. 2020; 65 (2):89-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miki Arian Saputra; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Tri Purwanti; Rokhmat Arifianto; Roza Indra Laksmana; Richard P. Hutabarat; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. 2020. "Exposures from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Mamuju, Indonesia." Nukleonika 65, no. 2: 89-94.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Air exchange through a porous medium depends partly on a pressure gradient induced in it, i.e., air-flow conditions of the outer air. Consequently, response of diffusion-type detectors to radon and thoron may vary with air-flow conditions surrounding the detectors. This effect may be significant for thoron measurement because thoron has a shorter half-life than radon. The present study examined response of diffusion-type detectors (RADUETs and one AlphaGUARD) to thoron with respect to wind speed using a thoron calibration chamber. Response of RADUETs to thoron increased with wind speed. Response of the AlphaGUARD increased with wind speed, but it became constant at a high wind speed. Different response trends to thoron between the RADUETs and the AlphaGUARD could be qualitatively explained by flow states induced by the pressure gradient in the filter or the sponge of these detectors. For RADUETs, laminar (Darcy) flow was induced in the sponge in the examined wind speed range, which meant that thoron entry into the detector increased with wind speed. For the AlphaGUARD, laminar flow was induced in the filter in the low wind speed range, whereas flow was changed to turbulent (non-Darcy) flow at a high wind speed for which thoron entry into the detector did not depend on wind speed.

ACS Style

Yasutaka Omori; Yuki Tamakuma; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Takahito Suzuki; Miki Arian Saputra; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. Impact of Wind Speed on Response of Diffusion-Type Radon-Thoron Detectors to Thoron. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3178 .

AMA Style

Yasutaka Omori, Yuki Tamakuma, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Takahito Suzuki, Miki Arian Saputra, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami. Impact of Wind Speed on Response of Diffusion-Type Radon-Thoron Detectors to Thoron. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasutaka Omori; Yuki Tamakuma; Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Takahito Suzuki; Miki Arian Saputra; Masahiro Hosoda; Shinji Tokonami. 2020. "Impact of Wind Speed on Response of Diffusion-Type Radon-Thoron Detectors to Thoron." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3178.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2019 in Radiation Protection Dosimetry
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Determination radon concentrations in dwelling in South of Kalimantan Province by using a passive method had been conducted. South Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia and also known as a coal mining area which has the potential for internal exposure of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) to the human. The research area divided into several sections called grid. Each grid represents a 60 km × 60 km area that installed passive radon monitoring 10 population. Passive radon monitors installed in the dwelling with exposures time approximately 3–4 months and then radon monitors were collected and brought to the laboratory for processing and then read the track to calculate the radon concentrations. The data concentrations of radon in the dwelling and GPS location as an input to the make a map of radon concentration by using MapInfo Software v.10.5. The results of the analysis of the concentration of radon in the dwelling of South Kalimantan in the ranged 3.1 ± 0.2 Bq m−3 up to 94.0 ± 6.7 Bq m−3. The result was lower than the reference level radon set by UNSCEAR was 300 Bq m−3. These data are useful in the development plans and regional development, as well as the basis for health policy analysis due to radon in Indonesia. Furthermore, these data will be the contribution of Indonesia in the international world through UNSCEAR, IAEA and WHO. The data obtained as an input in making a map of the concentration of radon in houses of Kalimantan Selatan as part of the map of the concentration of radon in Indonesia.

ACS Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Dadong Iskandar. RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN DWELLING OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 2019, 184, 463 -465.

AMA Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Wahyudi Wahyudi, Dadong Iskandar. RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN DWELLING OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2019; 184 (3-4):463-465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Dadong Iskandar. 2019. "RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN DWELLING OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4: 463-465.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2016
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ACS Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. Prospective Polycarbonate from CDs/DVDs as a Radon/Thoron Detector in Indonesia. 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. Prospective Polycarbonate from CDs/DVDs as a Radon/Thoron Detector in Indonesia. . 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eka Djatnika Nugraha. 2016. "Prospective Polycarbonate from CDs/DVDs as a Radon/Thoron Detector in Indonesia." , no. : 1.