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Sweden is applying the herd-immunity as its main natural science strategy to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. This has been communicated in a transparent manner. Small groups of young(er) people of up to approximately 50 individuals are subject to a bigger risk of infection than others. The objective of this paper is to make a case for the argument, that alongside herd-immunity, Sweden is using the social science originated planning approach: backcasting. The government has not been transparent on backcasting. The authors present the use of backcasting only as an argument based on available data and authors’ reasoning. A backcasting exercise for the case of the Swedish economy is constructed. This frame outlines five interdependent levels with which a national economy can apply what this paper calls a backcasting herd-immunity approach in its COVID-19 policy. The authors further suggest how it is possible to use social science, natural science and political ideology as complementary in COVID-19 mitigation in particular and in sustainability strategies in general.
Jouni Korhonen; Birk Granberg. Sweden Backcasting, Now?—Strategic Planning for Covid-19 Mitigation in a Liberal Democracy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4138 .
AMA StyleJouni Korhonen, Birk Granberg. Sweden Backcasting, Now?—Strategic Planning for Covid-19 Mitigation in a Liberal Democracy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJouni Korhonen; Birk Granberg. 2020. "Sweden Backcasting, Now?—Strategic Planning for Covid-19 Mitigation in a Liberal Democracy." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4138.
In order to contribute to research on implementing business sustainability, this study aims to explore the distribution of decision-making authority related to economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Sustainability objectives between different organizational levels in multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs) are investigated. The research is fundamentally exploratory. We conducted a multiple case study endeavor with nine participating case organizations. The study identified five different decision-making approaches to sustainability in multinational manufacturing enterprises. The findings showed that there was no consistent way of deciding upon sustainability issues. Some case organizations seemed to regard sustainability as a global concern, while others regarded it as a more local concern. In general, the economic sustainability dimension was regarded as more of a global concern, while the environmental dimension was more of a local concern, and the social dimension more of an integrated concern. The findings of this study can act as guidance for managers when implementing or improving sustainability strategies. The findings will also serve as a map to navigate and understand what should be given the strongest priority in different situations concerning decision-making relating to sustainability in manufacturing processes and networks.
Therese Fagerlind; Martin Stefanicki; Andreas Feldmann; Jouni Korhonen. The Distribution of Sustainable Decision-Making in Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4871 .
AMA StyleTherese Fagerlind, Martin Stefanicki, Andreas Feldmann, Jouni Korhonen. The Distribution of Sustainable Decision-Making in Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTherese Fagerlind; Martin Stefanicki; Andreas Feldmann; Jouni Korhonen. 2019. "The Distribution of Sustainable Decision-Making in Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4871.