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There are many issues facing society, such as energy/food/water security, plastic pollution, antibiotic resistance, global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic
Matthew Jones. Sustainable Chemistry—A New Open Access Journal. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 381 -381.
AMA StyleMatthew Jones. Sustainable Chemistry—A New Open Access Journal. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (2):381-381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthew Jones. 2021. "Sustainable Chemistry—A New Open Access Journal." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 2: 381-381.
Jude O Majasan; James B Robinson; Rhodri E Owen; Maximilian Maier; Anand N P Radhakrishnan; Martin Pham; Thomas G Tranter; Yeshui Zhang; Paul R Shearing; Dan J L Brett. Recent advances in acoustic diagnostics for electrochemical power systems. Journal of Physics: Energy 2021, 3, 032011 .
AMA StyleJude O Majasan, James B Robinson, Rhodri E Owen, Maximilian Maier, Anand N P Radhakrishnan, Martin Pham, Thomas G Tranter, Yeshui Zhang, Paul R Shearing, Dan J L Brett. Recent advances in acoustic diagnostics for electrochemical power systems. Journal of Physics: Energy. 2021; 3 (3):032011.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJude O Majasan; James B Robinson; Rhodri E Owen; Maximilian Maier; Anand N P Radhakrishnan; Martin Pham; Thomas G Tranter; Yeshui Zhang; Paul R Shearing; Dan J L Brett. 2021. "Recent advances in acoustic diagnostics for electrochemical power systems." Journal of Physics: Energy 3, no. 3: 032011.
Whilst plastics have played an instrumental role in human development, growing environmental concerns has led to increasing public scrutiny and demands for outright bans. This has stimulated considerable research into renewable alternatives, and more recently, the development of alternative waste management strategies. Herein, we aim to highlight recent developments in the catalytic chemical recycling of two commercial polyesters, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concept of chemical recycling is first introduced, and associated opportunities/challenges are discussed within the context of the governing depolymerisation thermodynamics. Chemical recycling methods for PLA and PET are then discussed, with a particular focus on upcycling and the use of metal‐based catalysts. Finally, our attention shifts to the emergence of new materials with the potential to modernise the plastics economy. Emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed within the context of industrial feasibility.
Jack Payne; Matthew David Jones. The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities. ChemSusChem 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJack Payne, Matthew David Jones. The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities. ChemSusChem. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJack Payne; Matthew David Jones. 2021. "The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities." ChemSusChem , no. : 1.
Batteries that extend performance beyond the intrinsic limits of Li-ion batteries are amongst the most important developments required to continue the revolution promised by electrochemical devices. Of these next-generation batteries the Li-S chemistry is amongst the most commercially mature, with cells offering a substantial increase in gravimetric energy density, reduced costs and improved safety prospects. However, there remain outstanding issues to advance the commercial prospects of the technology and benefit from the economies of scales felt by Li-ion cells, including improving both the rate performance and longevity of cells. To address these challenges the Faraday Institution, the UK's independent institute for electrochemical energy storage science and technology, launched the Lithium Sulfur Technology Accelerator (LiSTAR) programme in October 2019. This Roadmap, authored by researchers and partners of the LiSTAR programme, is intended to highlight the outstanding issues which must be addressed and provide an insight into the pathways towards solving them adopted by the LiSTAR consortium. In compiling this Roadmap we hope to aid the development of the wider Li-S research community, providing a guide for academia, industry, government and funding agencies in this important and rapidly developing research space.
James B Robinson; Kai Xi; Ramachandran Vasant Kumar; Andrea C Ferrari; Heather Au; Maria-Magdalena Titirici; Andres Parra-Puerto; Anthony Kucernak; Samuel D.S. Fitch; Nuria Garcia-Araez; Zachary L Brown; Mauro Pasta; Liam Furness; Alexander J Kibler; Darren A Walsh; Lee R Johnson; Conrad Holc; Graham N Newton; Neil R Champness; Foivos Markoulidis; Carol Crean; Robert C T Slade; Eleftherios I Andritsos; Qiong Cai; Shumaila Babar; Teng Zhang; Constantina (Tina) Lekakou; Nivedita Narendra Kulkarni; Alexander J E Rettie; Rhodri Jervis; Michael Cornish; Monica Marinescu; Gregory Offer; Zhuangnan Li; Liam Bird; Clare P Grey; Manish Chhowhalla; Daniele Di Lecce; Rhodri E Owen; Thomas S Miller; Dan J L Brett; Sebastien Liatard; David Ainsworth; Paul R Shearing. 2021 roadmap on lithium sulfur batteries. Journal of Physics: Energy 2021, 3, 031501 .
AMA StyleJames B Robinson, Kai Xi, Ramachandran Vasant Kumar, Andrea C Ferrari, Heather Au, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Andres Parra-Puerto, Anthony Kucernak, Samuel D.S. Fitch, Nuria Garcia-Araez, Zachary L Brown, Mauro Pasta, Liam Furness, Alexander J Kibler, Darren A Walsh, Lee R Johnson, Conrad Holc, Graham N Newton, Neil R Champness, Foivos Markoulidis, Carol Crean, Robert C T Slade, Eleftherios I Andritsos, Qiong Cai, Shumaila Babar, Teng Zhang, Constantina (Tina) Lekakou, Nivedita Narendra Kulkarni, Alexander J E Rettie, Rhodri Jervis, Michael Cornish, Monica Marinescu, Gregory Offer, Zhuangnan Li, Liam Bird, Clare P Grey, Manish Chhowhalla, Daniele Di Lecce, Rhodri E Owen, Thomas S Miller, Dan J L Brett, Sebastien Liatard, David Ainsworth, Paul R Shearing. 2021 roadmap on lithium sulfur batteries. Journal of Physics: Energy. 2021; 3 (3):031501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames B Robinson; Kai Xi; Ramachandran Vasant Kumar; Andrea C Ferrari; Heather Au; Maria-Magdalena Titirici; Andres Parra-Puerto; Anthony Kucernak; Samuel D.S. Fitch; Nuria Garcia-Araez; Zachary L Brown; Mauro Pasta; Liam Furness; Alexander J Kibler; Darren A Walsh; Lee R Johnson; Conrad Holc; Graham N Newton; Neil R Champness; Foivos Markoulidis; Carol Crean; Robert C T Slade; Eleftherios I Andritsos; Qiong Cai; Shumaila Babar; Teng Zhang; Constantina (Tina) Lekakou; Nivedita Narendra Kulkarni; Alexander J E Rettie; Rhodri Jervis; Michael Cornish; Monica Marinescu; Gregory Offer; Zhuangnan Li; Liam Bird; Clare P Grey; Manish Chhowhalla; Daniele Di Lecce; Rhodri E Owen; Thomas S Miller; Dan J L Brett; Sebastien Liatard; David Ainsworth; Paul R Shearing. 2021. "2021 roadmap on lithium sulfur batteries." Journal of Physics: Energy 3, no. 3: 031501.
A series of Mg(ii) and Zn(ii) catalen complexes have been prepared for PLA formation and recycling.
Jack Payne; Paul McKeown; Oliver Driscoll; Gabriele Kociok-Köhn; Emma A. C. Emanuelsson; Matthew D. Jones. Make or break: Mg(ii)- and Zn(ii)-catalen complexes for PLA production and recycling of commodity polyesters. Polymer Chemistry 2021, 12, 1086 -1096.
AMA StyleJack Payne, Paul McKeown, Oliver Driscoll, Gabriele Kociok-Köhn, Emma A. C. Emanuelsson, Matthew D. Jones. Make or break: Mg(ii)- and Zn(ii)-catalen complexes for PLA production and recycling of commodity polyesters. Polymer Chemistry. 2021; 12 (8):1086-1096.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJack Payne; Paul McKeown; Oliver Driscoll; Gabriele Kociok-Köhn; Emma A. C. Emanuelsson; Matthew D. Jones. 2021. "Make or break: Mg(ii)- and Zn(ii)-catalen complexes for PLA production and recycling of commodity polyesters." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 8: 1086-1096.
The ability to control the outcome of polymerisations using an external stimulus remains a formidable challenge.
Sandeep Kaler; Paul McKeown; Benjamin David Ward; Matthew D. Jones. Aluminium(iii) and zinc(ii) complexes of azobenzene-containing ligands for ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 2020, 8, 711 -719.
AMA StyleSandeep Kaler, Paul McKeown, Benjamin David Ward, Matthew D. Jones. Aluminium(iii) and zinc(ii) complexes of azobenzene-containing ligands for ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers. 2020; 8 (3):711-719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandeep Kaler; Paul McKeown; Benjamin David Ward; Matthew D. Jones. 2020. "Aluminium(iii) and zinc(ii) complexes of azobenzene-containing ligands for ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 3: 711-719.
Identification of the state-of-health (SoH) of Li-ion cells is a vital tool to protect operating battery packs against accelerated degradation and failure. This is becoming increasingly important as the energy and power densities demanded by batteries and the economic costs of packs increase. Here, ultrasonic time-of-flight analysis is performed to demonstrate the technique as a tool for the identification of a range of defects and SoH in Li-ion cells. Analysis of large, purpose-built defects across multiple length scales is performed in pouch cells. The technique is then demonstrated to detect a microscale defect in a commercial cell, which is validated by examining the acoustic transmission signal through the cell. The location and scale of the defects are confirmed using X-ray computed tomography, which also provides information pertaining to the layered structure of the cells. The demonstration of this technique as a methodology for obtaining direct, non-destructive, depth-resolved measurements of the condition of electrode layers highlights the potential application of acoustic methods in real-time diagnostics for SoH monitoring and manufacturing processes.
James B Robinson; Rhodri Owen; Matthew Kok; Maximilian Maier; Jude Majasan; Michele Braglia; Richard Stocker; Tazdin Amietszajew; Alexander Roberts; Professor Rohit Bhagat; Duncan Billson; Jarred Olson; Juyeon Park; Gareth Hinds; Annika Ahlberg Tiblad; Professor Paul R. Shearing; Professor Dan Brett. Identifying Defects in Li-Ion Cells Using Ultrasound Acoustic Measurements. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2020, 167, 1 .
AMA StyleJames B Robinson, Rhodri Owen, Matthew Kok, Maximilian Maier, Jude Majasan, Michele Braglia, Richard Stocker, Tazdin Amietszajew, Alexander Roberts, Professor Rohit Bhagat, Duncan Billson, Jarred Olson, Juyeon Park, Gareth Hinds, Annika Ahlberg Tiblad, Professor Paul R. Shearing, Professor Dan Brett. Identifying Defects in Li-Ion Cells Using Ultrasound Acoustic Measurements. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2020; 167 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames B Robinson; Rhodri Owen; Matthew Kok; Maximilian Maier; Jude Majasan; Michele Braglia; Richard Stocker; Tazdin Amietszajew; Alexander Roberts; Professor Rohit Bhagat; Duncan Billson; Jarred Olson; Juyeon Park; Gareth Hinds; Annika Ahlberg Tiblad; Professor Paul R. Shearing; Professor Dan Brett. 2020. "Identifying Defects in Li-Ion Cells Using Ultrasound Acoustic Measurements." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 12: 1.
Bioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which are derived from renewable sources, promoted as biodegradable and implemented for numerous functions, offer a promising alternative to the enduring synthetic plastics abundant in society. However, the degradation of PLA is slow under natural environmental conditions. A chemical recycling route is thus required to couple mitigation of plastic persistence repercussions with circular economy adherence. In the present work, the production of ethyl lactate by the catalysed transesterification of post-consumer PLA was investigated. The catalyst employed was a propylendiamine Zn(II) complex. The PLA samples investigated consisted of a phone case, an infant’s toy, a film, a cup and 3D printing material. Degradation reactions were studied at 50 °C and 90 °C and the concentrations measured at two different time intervals, 1 h and 3 h. The results revealed that greater activity of the catalyst was observed at 50 °C for two PLA samples (cup, 3D print). PLA film achieved the greatest lactate yield (71%) of all samples after 3 h at 50 °C. It is concluded that the propylenediamine Zn(II) catalyst can be used to produce green solvent ethyl lactate at mild temperatures from post-consumer PLA, even in the presence of unknown additives.
Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Mark Powders; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. Ethyl Lactate Production from the Catalytic Depolymerisation of Post-consumer Poly(lactic acid). Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2020, 28, 1 -9.
AMA StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez, Mark Powders, Paul McKeown, Matthew D. Jones, Joseph Wood. Ethyl Lactate Production from the Catalytic Depolymerisation of Post-consumer Poly(lactic acid). Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2020; 28 (11):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Mark Powders; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. 2020. "Ethyl Lactate Production from the Catalytic Depolymerisation of Post-consumer Poly(lactic acid)." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 28, no. 11: 1-9.
Alkyl lactates are green solvents that are successfully employed in several industries such as pharmaceutical, food and agricultural. They are considered prospective renewable substitutes for petroleum-derived solvents and the opportunity exists to obtain these valuable chemicals from the chemical recycling of waste poly(lactic acid). Alkyl lactates (ethyl lactate, propyl lactate and butyl lactate) were obtained from the catalysed alcoholysis reaction of poly(lactic acid) with the corresponding linear alcohol. Reactions were catalysed by a Zn complex synthesised from an ethylenediamine Schiff base. The reactions were studied in the 50–130 °C range depending on the alcohol, at autogenous pressure. Arrhenius temperature-dependent parameters (activation energies and pre-exponential factors) were estimated for the formation of the lactates. The activation energies (Ea1, Ea2 and Ea−2) for alcoholysis in ethanol were 62.58, 55.61 and 54.11 kJ/mol, respectively. Alcoholysis proceeded fastest in ethanol in comparison to propanol and butanol and reasonable rates can be achieved in temperatures as low as 50 °C. This is a promising reaction that could be used to recycle end-of-life poly(lactic acid) and could help create a circular production economy.
Fabio Lamberti; Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul Mckeown; Matthew Jones; Joseph Wood. Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid). Processes 2020, 8, 738 .
AMA StyleFabio Lamberti, Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez, Paul Mckeown, Matthew Jones, Joseph Wood. Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid). Processes. 2020; 8 (6):738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Lamberti; Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul Mckeown; Matthew Jones; Joseph Wood. 2020. "Kinetics of Alkyl Lactate Formation from the Alcoholysis of Poly(Lactic Acid)." Processes 8, no. 6: 738.
It remains difficult to detect internal mechanical deformation and gas-induced degradation in lithium-ion batteries, especially outside specialized diagnostics laboratories. In this work, we demonstrate that electrochemical acoustic time-of-flight (EA-ToF) spectroscopy can be used as an insightful and field-deployable diagnostic/prognostic technique to sense the onset of failure. A 210 mAh commercial lithium-ion cell undergoing thermal abuse testing is probed with in situ and operando EA-ToF spectroscopy, together with simultaneous fractional thermal runaway calorimetry (FTRC) and synchrotron X-ray imaging. The combination of X-ray imaging and EA-ToF analysis provides new understanding into the through-plane mechanical deformation in lithium-ion batteries through direct visualisation and the acoustic ToF response. Internal structural changes, such as gas-induced delamination, are identified using EA-ToF spectroscopy due to variations in the attenuation and signal peak shifts. This is corroborated using X-ray imaging, demonstrating EA-ToF spectroscopy as a promising technique for detecting onset of battery failure.
Martin T.M. Pham; John J. Darst; Donal P. Finegan; James B. Robinson; Thomas M.M. Heenan; Matt D.R. Kok; Francesco Iacoviello; Rhodri Owen; William Q. Walker; Oxana V. Magdysyuk; Thomas Connolley; Eric Darcy; Gareth Hinds; Dan J.L. Brett; Paul R. Shearing. Correlative acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to investigate gas-induced delamination in lithium-ion pouch cells during thermal runaway. Journal of Power Sources 2020, 470, 228039 .
AMA StyleMartin T.M. Pham, John J. Darst, Donal P. Finegan, James B. Robinson, Thomas M.M. Heenan, Matt D.R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Rhodri Owen, William Q. Walker, Oxana V. Magdysyuk, Thomas Connolley, Eric Darcy, Gareth Hinds, Dan J.L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing. Correlative acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to investigate gas-induced delamination in lithium-ion pouch cells during thermal runaway. Journal of Power Sources. 2020; 470 ():228039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin T.M. Pham; John J. Darst; Donal P. Finegan; James B. Robinson; Thomas M.M. Heenan; Matt D.R. Kok; Francesco Iacoviello; Rhodri Owen; William Q. Walker; Oxana V. Magdysyuk; Thomas Connolley; Eric Darcy; Gareth Hinds; Dan J.L. Brett; Paul R. Shearing. 2020. "Correlative acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to investigate gas-induced delamination in lithium-ion pouch cells during thermal runaway." Journal of Power Sources 470, no. : 228039.
The use of a simple, cheap and effective organocatalyst, has been exploited for the transesterification/degradation of commercial polymers.
Paul McKeown; Muhammed Kamran; Matthew G. Davidson; Matthew D. Jones; Luis A. Román-Ramírez; Joseph Wood. Organocatalysis for versatile polymer degradation. Green Chemistry 2020, 22, 3721 -3726.
AMA StylePaul McKeown, Muhammed Kamran, Matthew G. Davidson, Matthew D. Jones, Luis A. Román-Ramírez, Joseph Wood. Organocatalysis for versatile polymer degradation. Green Chemistry. 2020; 22 (12):3721-3726.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul McKeown; Muhammed Kamran; Matthew G. Davidson; Matthew D. Jones; Luis A. Román-Ramírez; Joseph Wood. 2020. "Organocatalysis for versatile polymer degradation." Green Chemistry 22, no. 12: 3721-3726.
A series of novel Al(iii) complexes are prepared that show remarkable activity under the industrially preferred conditions.
Jack Payne; Paul McKeown; Gabriele Kociok-Köhn; Matthew D. Jones. Novel hybrid aluminium(iii)–catalen complexes as highly active catalysts for lactide polymerisation: towards industrial relevance. Chemical Communications 2020, 56, 7163 -7166.
AMA StyleJack Payne, Paul McKeown, Gabriele Kociok-Köhn, Matthew D. Jones. Novel hybrid aluminium(iii)–catalen complexes as highly active catalysts for lactide polymerisation: towards industrial relevance. Chemical Communications. 2020; 56 (52):7163-7166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJack Payne; Paul McKeown; Gabriele Kociok-Köhn; Matthew D. Jones. 2020. "Novel hybrid aluminium(iii)–catalen complexes as highly active catalysts for lactide polymerisation: towards industrial relevance." Chemical Communications 56, no. 52: 7163-7166.
Plastics are an indispensable material with numerous benefits and advantages compared to traditional materials, such as glass and paper. However, their widespread use has caused significant environmental pollution and most plastics are currently nonrenewable. Biobased polymers represent an important step for tackling these issues, however, the end-of-life disposal of such materials needs to be critically considered to allow for a transition to a circular economy for plastics. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important example of a biobased polymer, which is also biodegradable. However, industrial composting of PLA affords water and carbon dioxide only and in the natural environment, PLA has a slow biodegradation rate. Therefore, recycling processes are important for PLA, particularly chemical recycling, which affords monomers and useful platform chemicals, maintaining the usefulness and value of the material. This review covers the different methods of PLA chemical recycling, highlighting recent trends and advances in the area.
Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones. The Chemical Recycling of PLA: A Review. Sustainable Chemistry 2020, 1, 1 -22.
AMA StylePaul McKeown, Matthew D. Jones. The Chemical Recycling of PLA: A Review. Sustainable Chemistry. 2020; 1 (1):1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones. 2020. "The Chemical Recycling of PLA: A Review." Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 1: 1-22.
Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul McKeown; Chanak Shah; Joshua Abraham; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. Chemical Degradation of End-of-Life Poly(lactic acid) into Methyl Lactate by a Zn(II) Complex. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020, 59, 11149 -11156.
AMA StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez, Paul McKeown, Chanak Shah, Joshua Abraham, Matthew D. Jones, Joseph Wood. Chemical Degradation of End-of-Life Poly(lactic acid) into Methyl Lactate by a Zn(II) Complex. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2020; 59 (24):11149-11156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul McKeown; Chanak Shah; Joshua Abraham; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. 2020. "Chemical Degradation of End-of-Life Poly(lactic acid) into Methyl Lactate by a Zn(II) Complex." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 24: 11149-11156.
A range of Fe(iii)-salalen and -thiolen–chloride complexes have been prepared and are shown to be active catalysts for the selective coupling of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide (CHO).
Oliver J. Driscoll; Jack A. Stewart; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones. Salalen vs. thiolen: in the ring(-opening of epoxide and cyclic carbonate formation). New Journal of Chemistry 2020, 44, 1 .
AMA StyleOliver J. Driscoll, Jack A. Stewart, Paul McKeown, Matthew D. Jones. Salalen vs. thiolen: in the ring(-opening of epoxide and cyclic carbonate formation). New Journal of Chemistry. 2020; 44 (15):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliver J. Driscoll; Jack A. Stewart; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones. 2020. "Salalen vs. thiolen: in the ring(-opening of epoxide and cyclic carbonate formation)." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 15: 1.
The kinetics of the transesterification of polylactic acid (PLA) with methanol to form methyl lactate catalyzed by Zn(II) complexes was studied experimentally and numerically. The complexes, Zn(1 Et )2 and Zn(2 Pr )2, were synthesized from ethylenediamine and propylenediamine Schiff bases, respectively. The temperature range covered was 313.2-383.2 K. An increase in the reaction rate with the increase in temperature was observed for the Zn(1 Et )2-catalyzed reaction. The temperature relationship of the rate coefficients can be explained by a linear Arrhenius dependency with constant activation energy. The kinetics of Zn(2 Pr )2, on the other hand, is only explained by non-Arrhenius kinetics with convex variable activation energy, resulting in faster methyl lactate production rates at 323.2 and 343.2 K. The formation of a new catalyst species, likely through reaction with protic reagents, appears to promote the formation of intermediate complexes, resulting in the nonlinear behavior. Stirring speed induced the stability of the intermediate complexes. Contrary to Zn(1 Et )2, Zn(2 Pr )2 was susceptible to the presence of air/moisture in solution. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the mass and energy balance of a consecutive second step reversible reaction taking place in a jacketed stirred batch reactor. For the case of Zn(2 Pr )2, the activation energy was fitted to a four-parameter equation. The kinetic parameters presented in this work are valuable for the design of processes involving the chemical recycling of PLA into green solvents.
Luis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. Kinetics of Methyl Lactate Formation from the Transesterification of Polylactic Acid Catalyzed by Zn(II) Complexes. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 5556 -5564.
AMA StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez, Paul McKeown, Matthew D. Jones, Joseph Wood. Kinetics of Methyl Lactate Formation from the Transesterification of Polylactic Acid Catalyzed by Zn(II) Complexes. ACS Omega. 2020; 5 (10):5556-5564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Antonio Román-Ramírez; Paul McKeown; Matthew D. Jones; Joseph Wood. 2020. "Kinetics of Methyl Lactate Formation from the Transesterification of Polylactic Acid Catalyzed by Zn(II) Complexes." ACS Omega 5, no. 10: 5556-5564.
A series of well-defined mono- and dimeric Zn(ii)-complexes were prepared and fully characterised by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
Jack Payne; Paul McKeown; Mary F. Mahon; Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson; Matthew D. Jones. Mono- and dimeric zinc(ii) complexes for PLA production and degradation into methyl lactate – a chemical recycling method. Polymer Chemistry 2020, 11, 2381 -2389.
AMA StyleJack Payne, Paul McKeown, Mary F. Mahon, Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson, Matthew D. Jones. Mono- and dimeric zinc(ii) complexes for PLA production and degradation into methyl lactate – a chemical recycling method. Polymer Chemistry. 2020; 11 (13):2381-2389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJack Payne; Paul McKeown; Mary F. Mahon; Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson; Matthew D. Jones. 2020. "Mono- and dimeric zinc(ii) complexes for PLA production and degradation into methyl lactate – a chemical recycling method." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 13: 2381-2389.
We report on the design and testing of new graphite and graphene oxide‐based extended π‐conjugated synthetic scaffolds for applications in sustainable chemistry transformations. Nanoparticle‐functionalised carbonaceous catalysts for new Fischer Tropsch and Reverse GasWater Shift (RGWS) transformations were prepared: functional graphene oxides emerged from graphite powders via an adapted Hummer's method and subsequently impregnated with uniform‐sized nanoparticles. Then the resulting nanomaterials were imaged by TEM, SEM, EDX, AFM and characterised by IR, XPS and Raman spectroscopies prior to incorporation of Pd(II) promoters and further microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. Newly synthesised 2D and 3D layered nanostructures incorporating carbon‐supported iron oxide nanoparticulate pre‐catalysts were tested, upon hydrogen reduction in situ, for the conversion of CO2 to CO as well as for the selective formation of CH4 and longer chain hydrocarbons. The reduction reaction was also carried out and the catalytic species isolated and fully characterised. The catalytic activity of a graphene oxide‐supported iron oxide pre‐catalyst converted CO2 into hydrocarbons at different temperatures (305, 335, 370 and 405 °C), and its activity compared well with that of the analogues supported on graphite oxide, the 3‐dimensional material precursor to the graphene oxide. Investigation into the use of graphene oxide as a framework for catalysis showed that it has promising activity with respect to reverse gas water shift (RWGS) reaction of CO2 to CO, even at the low levels of catalyst used and under the rather mild conditions employed at atmospheric pressure. Whilst the γ‐Fe2O3 decorated graphene oxide‐based pre‐catalyst displays fairly constant activity up to 405 °C, it was found by GC‐MS analysis to be unstable with respect to decomposition at higher temperatures. The addition of palladium as a promoter increased the activity of the iron functionalised graphite oxide in the RWGS. The activity of graphene oxide supported catalysts was found to be enhanced with respect to that of iron‐functionalised graphite oxide with, or without palladium as a promoter, and comparable to that of [email protected] nanotube‐based systems tested under analogous conditions. These results display a significant step forward for the catalytic activity estimations for the iron functionalised and rapidly processable and scalable graphene oxide. The hereby investigated phenomena are of particular relevance for the understanding of the intimate surface morphologies and the potential role of non‐covalent interactions in the iron oxide‐graphene oxide networks, which could inform the design of nano‐materials with performance in future sustainable catalysis applications.
Rhodri Owen; Fernando Cortezon-Tamarit; David G. Calatayud; Enid A. Evans; Samuel I. J. Mitchell; Boyang Mao; Francisco Javier Palomares; John Mitchels; Pawel Plucinski; Davide Mattia; Matthew Jones; Sofia I. Pascu. Shedding Light Onto the Nature of Iron Decorated Graphene and Graphite Oxide Nanohybrids for CO 2 Conversion at Atmospheric Pressure. ChemistryOpen 2020, 9, 242 -252.
AMA StyleRhodri Owen, Fernando Cortezon-Tamarit, David G. Calatayud, Enid A. Evans, Samuel I. J. Mitchell, Boyang Mao, Francisco Javier Palomares, John Mitchels, Pawel Plucinski, Davide Mattia, Matthew Jones, Sofia I. Pascu. Shedding Light Onto the Nature of Iron Decorated Graphene and Graphite Oxide Nanohybrids for CO 2 Conversion at Atmospheric Pressure. ChemistryOpen. 2020; 9 (2):242-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRhodri Owen; Fernando Cortezon-Tamarit; David G. Calatayud; Enid A. Evans; Samuel I. J. Mitchell; Boyang Mao; Francisco Javier Palomares; John Mitchels; Pawel Plucinski; Davide Mattia; Matthew Jones; Sofia I. Pascu. 2020. "Shedding Light Onto the Nature of Iron Decorated Graphene and Graphite Oxide Nanohybrids for CO 2 Conversion at Atmospheric Pressure." ChemistryOpen 9, no. 2: 242-252.
The spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR) is a rotating catalytic reactor with a potential to facilitate process intensification. In this study, the scale-up of a newly designed SMDR has been demonstrated by increasing (i) cloth size and (ii) cloth number for tributyrin hydrolysis and nitroaldol condensation reaction. The effect of spinning speed, cloth size and cloth number was investigated using design of experiments and the results show an increase in the cloth size or cloth number leads to a higher reaction rate. This is due to (i) an increased catalyst loading with increase in surface area and volume of the cloth stack and (ii) reduced film thickness with increasing shear forces and longer residence times improving the overall mass transfer. Addition of multiple cloths of increasing cloth sizes further improved the reaction rates at higher substrate concentration. A maximum reaction rate of 6.9 mM min-1 and 0.043 mmol min-1 was obtained for three 50 cm cloths for tributyrin hydrolysis and nitroaldol condensation reaction respectively. These results highlight the potential routes for the SMDR scale-up without a loss in the reaction efficiency for a range of catalytic reactions, thus allowing for a tuneable operation of the SMDR for industrial applications.
Parimala Shivaprasad; Matthew Jones; Paul Frith; Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson. Investigating the effect of increasing cloth size and cloth number in a spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR): A study on the reactor performance. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2019, 147, 107780 .
AMA StyleParimala Shivaprasad, Matthew Jones, Paul Frith, Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson. Investigating the effect of increasing cloth size and cloth number in a spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR): A study on the reactor performance. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification. 2019; 147 ():107780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParimala Shivaprasad; Matthew Jones; Paul Frith; Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson. 2019. "Investigating the effect of increasing cloth size and cloth number in a spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR): A study on the reactor performance." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 147, no. : 107780.
Metal foam flow-fields have shown great potential in improving the uniformity of reactant distribution in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) by eliminating the ‘land/channel’ geometry of conventional designs. However, a detailed understanding of the water management in operational metal foam flow-field based PEFCs is limited. This study aims to provide the first clear evidence of how and where water is generated, accumulated and removed in the metal foam flow-field based PEFCs using in-operando neutron radiography, and correlate the water ‘maps’ with electrochemical performance and durability. Results show that the metal foam flow-field based PEFC has greater tolerance to dehydration at 1000 mA cm−2, exhibiting a ~50% increase in voltage, ~127% increase in total water mass and ~38% decrease in high frequency resistance (HFR) than serpentine flow-field design. Additionally, the metal foam flow-field promotes more uniform water distribution where the standard deviation of the liquid water thickness distribution across the entire cell active area is almost half that of the serpentine. These superior characteristics of metal foam flow-field result in greater than twice the maximum power density over serpentine flow-field. Results suggest that optimizing fuel cell operating condition and foam microstructure would partly mitigate flooding in the metal foam flow-field based PEFC.
Y. Wu; J.I.S. Cho; M. Whiteley; L. Rasha; T.P. Neville; Ralf Ziesche; R. Xu; Rhodri Owen; N. Kulkarni; Jennifer Hack; M. Maier; N. Kardjilov; H. Markötter; I. Manke; Feng Ryan Wang; P.R. Shearing; D.J.L. Brett. Characterization of water management in metal foam flow-field based polymer electrolyte fuel cells using in-operando neutron radiography. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 2195 -2205.
AMA StyleY. Wu, J.I.S. Cho, M. Whiteley, L. Rasha, T.P. Neville, Ralf Ziesche, R. Xu, Rhodri Owen, N. Kulkarni, Jennifer Hack, M. Maier, N. Kardjilov, H. Markötter, I. Manke, Feng Ryan Wang, P.R. Shearing, D.J.L. Brett. Characterization of water management in metal foam flow-field based polymer electrolyte fuel cells using in-operando neutron radiography. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (3):2195-2205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. Wu; J.I.S. Cho; M. Whiteley; L. Rasha; T.P. Neville; Ralf Ziesche; R. Xu; Rhodri Owen; N. Kulkarni; Jennifer Hack; M. Maier; N. Kardjilov; H. Markötter; I. Manke; Feng Ryan Wang; P.R. Shearing; D.J.L. Brett. 2019. "Characterization of water management in metal foam flow-field based polymer electrolyte fuel cells using in-operando neutron radiography." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 3: 2195-2205.