In recent years, predator–prey systems have increased their applications and have given rise to systems which represent more accurately different biological issues that appear in the context of interacting species. Our aim in this paper is to give a state-of-the-art review of recent predator–prey models which include some interesting characteristics such as Allee effect, fear effect, cannibalism, and immigration. We compare the qualitative results obtained for each of them, particularly regarding the equilibria, local and global stability, and the existence of limit cycles.

We study the existence of solutions for a class of fractional differential inclusions with anti-periodic boundary conditions. The main result of the paper is based on Bohnenblust- Karlins fixed point theorem. Some applications of the main result are also discussed.