This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Most renewable energy (RE) studies focus on technology readiness, environmental benefits and/or cost savings. The market permeation, viability and adoption of RE technologies such as micro hydropower (MHP), however, require the alignment of other interrelated factors, such as the socio-technical, institutional and political dimensions. This is particularly the case where the energy recovery potential in decentralised water networks is being explored as part of a wholesome sustainability strategy by and for individual and communal prosumers. This study employs a socio-technical approach to understand factors that influence the perceived viability and adoption of MHP in group water-energy schemes. Methods included a progressive literature review to formulate a conceptual framework for the implementation of MHP systems. The framework was validated using survey data from representative stakeholders from groups schemes in Ireland and Spain. These stakeholders were sampled and surveyed at the stage of considering the adoption of MHP in their water networks. The findings highlight the push–pull factors and discusses the opportunities and barriers to the adoption of MHP systems. It confirms that the market, institutional and policy context, cost and financial benefits, social support and collaborative services combine to influence the adoption of MHP technology. Thus, a framework for evaluating the socio-technical viability of MHP systems based on these more realistic integrated, multi-dimensional criteria is proposed.
Kemi Adeyeye; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola; Helena Ramos; Paul Coughlan. Socio-Technical Viability Framework for Micro Hydropower in Group Water-Energy Schemes. Energies 2021, 14, 4222 .
AMA StyleKemi Adeyeye, John Gallagher, Aonghus McNabola, Helena Ramos, Paul Coughlan. Socio-Technical Viability Framework for Micro Hydropower in Group Water-Energy Schemes. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKemi Adeyeye; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola; Helena Ramos; Paul Coughlan. 2021. "Socio-Technical Viability Framework for Micro Hydropower in Group Water-Energy Schemes." Energies 14, no. 14: 4222.
This paper employed a socio-technical approach to assess the feasibility of solar PV installations by independent Group Water Schemes in Ireland, examining the complex relationship between water and energy demands in conjunction with stakeholder perspectives in these communities. The temporal resolution of energy data and the unique characteristics of the schemes (size, connection type; energy demand breakdown, etc.) were key factors influencing the solar PV design process. A poor daily correlation (R2 = 0.22) contrasted with strong weekly (R2 = 0.91) and monthly (R2 = 0.99) correlations between energy demands and water consumption, highlighting the technical design challenges for a balanced solar PV and water services system. The presence of a water storage tank offers a potential water and energy storage facility for a solar PV installation, to balance the intermittent energy demands with the diurnal water consumption profile. Community stakeholders were aware of solar PV’s potential, with two GWSs moving towards installation. Key priorities were economic viability and associated environmental benefits i.e. added value to these communities. Stakeholders require knowledge sharing on solar PV, its operations and financial support, to help make an informed decision on this technology. The successful implementation of solar PV can provide energy and water security in these rural water communities.
C. Devereux; J. Coscia; K. Adeyeye; J. Gallagher. Energy security to safeguard community water services in rural Ireland: Opportunities and challenges for solar photovoltaics. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 47, 101377 .
AMA StyleC. Devereux, J. Coscia, K. Adeyeye, J. Gallagher. Energy security to safeguard community water services in rural Ireland: Opportunities and challenges for solar photovoltaics. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 47 ():101377.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Devereux; J. Coscia; K. Adeyeye; J. Gallagher. 2021. "Energy security to safeguard community water services in rural Ireland: Opportunities and challenges for solar photovoltaics." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47, no. : 101377.
To evaluate the impact of traffic on urban air quality, the chemical composition of submicron aerosols (PM1) and sources of organic aerosol (OA) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in the Dublin city center and a residential site in suburban Dublin (∼ 5 km apart) from 4 September to 9 November in 2018. Through the detailed comparison of a 1-week nonheating period from 10 to 17 September and a 1-week heating period from 27 October to 4 November, black carbon (BC) was found to be the most dominant component (38 %–55 % or 5.6–7.1 µg m−3) of PM1 at the kerbside, while OA was the most important (46 %–64 % of PM1 or 1.0–8.1 µg m−3) at the residential site. The daily and weekly cycle of BC at the kerbside during the nonheating period pointed to the major source of vehicular emissions, consistent with that for nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, traffic emissions were found to have a minor impact on air quality at the residential site, due to its distance from traffic sources and the effects of wind speed and wind direction. As a result of vehicular emissions and the street canyon effect, the kerbside increment (from the urban background) ratio of up to 25 : 1 was found for BC during the nonheating period but reduced to 10 : 1 during the heating period due to the additional sources of solid fuel burning impacting the air quality at both sites simultaneously. OA source analysis shows only 16 %–28 % (0.9–1.0 µg m−3; upper limit for traffic due to the additional heating source of hydrocarbon-like OA – HOA) of OA at the kerbside associated with vehicular emissions, with higher contributions from cooking (18 %–36 % or 1.2 µg m−3), solid fuel burning (38 % or 2.4 µg m−3; resolved only during the heating period), and oxygenated OA (29 %–37 % or 1.2–1.9 µg m−3). At the residential site, solid fuel burning contributed to 60 % (4.9 µg m−3) of OA during the heating period, while oxygenated OA (OOA) accounted for almost 65 % (0.6 µg m−3) of OA during the nonheating period. Based on simultaneous investigations of PM1 at different urban settings (i.e., residential versus kerbside), this study highlights the temporal and spatial variability of sources within the Dublin city center and the need for additional aerosol characterization studies to improve targeted mitigation solutions for greater impact on urban air quality. Moreover, traffic and residential heating may hold different implications for health and climate, as indicated by the significant increment of BC at the kerbside and the large geographic impact of OA from residential heating at both the kerbside and residential sites.
Chunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from the simultaneous kerbside and suburban monitoring of submicron aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2020, 20, 10513 -10529.
AMA StyleChunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Wei Xu, Eimear Heffernan, Stig Hellebust, John Gallagher, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'dowd, Jurgita Ovadnevaite. The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from the simultaneous kerbside and suburban monitoring of submicron aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020; 20 (17):10513-10529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. 2020. "The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from the simultaneous kerbside and suburban monitoring of submicron aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 17: 10513-10529.
Ground level concentrations of nitrogen oxide (NOx) can act as an indicator of air quality in the urban environment. In cities with relatively good air quality, and where NOx concentrations rarely exceed legal limits, adverse health effects on the population may still occur. Therefore, detecting small deviations in air quality and deriving methods of controlling air pollution are challenging. This study presents different data analytical methods which can be used to monitor and effectively evaluate policies or measures to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions through the detection of pollution episodes and the removal of outliers. This method helps to identify the sources of pollution more effectively, and enhances the value of monitoring data and exceedances of limit values. It will detect outliers, changes and trend deviations in NO2 concentrations at ground level, and consists of four main steps: classical statistical description techniques, statistical process control techniques, functional analysis and a functional control process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the outlier detection methodology proposed, it was applied to a complete one-year NO2 dataset for a sub-urban site in Dublin, Ireland in 2013. The findings demonstrate how the functional data approach improves the classical techniques for detecting outliers, and in addition, how this new methodology can facilitate a more thorough approach to defining effect air pollution control measures.
Javier Martínez Torres; Jorge Pastor Pérez; Joaquín Sancho Val; Aonghus McNabola; Miguel Martínez Comesaña; John Gallagher. A Functional Data Analysis Approach for the Detection of Air Pollution Episodes and Outliers: A Case Study in Dublin, Ireland. Mathematics 2020, 8, 225 .
AMA StyleJavier Martínez Torres, Jorge Pastor Pérez, Joaquín Sancho Val, Aonghus McNabola, Miguel Martínez Comesaña, John Gallagher. A Functional Data Analysis Approach for the Detection of Air Pollution Episodes and Outliers: A Case Study in Dublin, Ireland. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (2):225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Martínez Torres; Jorge Pastor Pérez; Joaquín Sancho Val; Aonghus McNabola; Miguel Martínez Comesaña; John Gallagher. 2020. "A Functional Data Analysis Approach for the Detection of Air Pollution Episodes and Outliers: A Case Study in Dublin, Ireland." Mathematics 8, no. 2: 225.
Chunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. Supplementary material to "The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols". 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleChunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Wei Xu, Eimear Heffernan, Stig Hellebust, John Gallagher, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'dowd, Jurgita Ovadnevaite. Supplementary material to "The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols". . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. 2020. "Supplementary material to "The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols"." , no. : 1.
To evaluate the impact of traffic on urban air quality, the chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosols (PM1) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in Dublin city centre and a residential site in sub-urban Dublin (~ 5 km apart) from 4 September to 9 November in 2018. Through the detailed comparison of one-week non-heating period in early September and heating period in late October, black carbon (BC) was found to be the most dominant component (38–55 % or 5.6–7.1 μg m−3) of PM1 at the kerbside while organic aerosol (OA) was the most important (46–63 % of PM1 or 1.0–8.7 μg m−3) at the residential site. The daily and weekly cycle of BC at the kerbside during non-heating period pointed to the major source of vehicular emissions, consistent with that for nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, traffic emissions were found to have a minor impact on air quality at the residential site due to its distance from traffic sources, as well as the effects of wind speed and wind direction. As a result of vehicular emissions and the street canyon effect, the kerbside increment (from urban background) ratio of up to 25 : 1 was found for BC during the non-heating period, but reduced to 10 : 1 during the heating period due to the additional sources of solid fuel burning impacting the air quality at both sites simultaneously. OA source analysis shows only 18–27 % (0.9–1.2 μg m−3) of OA at the kerbside associated with vehicular emissions, with higher contributions from cooking (18–36 % or ~ 1.2 μg m−3), solid fuel burning (~ 33 % or ~ 2.1 μg m−3), and oxygenated OA (31–37 % or 1.2–2.0 μg m−3). At the residential site, solid fuel burning contributed to approximately 50 % (2.7 μg m−3) of OA during the heating period, while oxygenated OA accounted for almost 65 % (0.5 μg m−3) of OA during the non-heating period. Based on simultaneous investigation of PM1 at different urban settings (i.e. residential vs kerbside), this study highlights temporal and spatial variability of sources within Dublin city centre and the need for additional aerosol characterisation studies to improve targeted mitigation solutions for greater impact on urban air quality. Moreover, traffic and residential heating may hold different implications for health and climate as indicated by the significant increment of BC at the kerbside and the large geographic impact of OA from residential heating at both the kerbside and residential sites.
Chunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols. 2020, 1 -20.
AMA StyleChunshui Lin, Darius Ceburnis, Wei Xu, Eimear Heffernan, Stig Hellebust, John Gallagher, Ru-Jin Huang, Colin O'dowd, Jurgita Ovadnevaite. The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols. . 2020; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshui Lin; Darius Ceburnis; Wei Xu; Eimear Heffernan; Stig Hellebust; John Gallagher; Ru-Jin Huang; Colin O'dowd; Jurgita Ovadnevaite. 2020. "The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from simultaneous kerbside and sub-urban monitoring of submicron aerosols." , no. : 1-20.
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are a major source of energy consumption in buildings, directly and indirectly contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the urban environment, and depending on local climatic conditions, air conditioning units attribute to these high energy demands. This study analyzes the use of residential air conditioning units and their associated global warming potential (GWP) between 2005 and 2030 for the city of Shenzhen, a fast-growing megacity located in Southern China. A life cycle assessment approach was adopted to quantify the GWP impacts which arise from both direct (refrigerant release) and indirect (energy consumption) sources, in combination with a materials flow analysis approach. The results show that the total GWP (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2 eq.) from residential air conditioning systems increased from 2.2 ± 0.2 to 5.1 ± 0.4 million tonnes (Mt) CO2 eq. between 2005 and 2017, with energy consumption and refrigerant release contributing to 72.5% and 27.5% of the total demands, respectively. Immediate measures are required to restrict refrigerant release and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning units, to help mitigate the predicted additional total emissions of 36.4 Mt. CO2 eq. potentially released between 2018 and 2030. This amount equals to approximately New Zealand's national CO2 emissions in 2017. The findings proposed in this study targets air conditioning units to reduce the GWP emissions in cities, and provide useful data references and insights for local authorities to incentivise measures for improving building energy efficiency management and performance.
Ning Zhang; Huiyue Wang; John Gallagher; Qingbin Song; Vivian W.Y. Tam; Huabo Duan. A dynamic analysis of the global warming potential associated with air conditioning at a city scale: an empirical study in Shenzhen, China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2020, 81, 106354 .
AMA StyleNing Zhang, Huiyue Wang, John Gallagher, Qingbin Song, Vivian W.Y. Tam, Huabo Duan. A dynamic analysis of the global warming potential associated with air conditioning at a city scale: an empirical study in Shenzhen, China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2020; 81 ():106354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNing Zhang; Huiyue Wang; John Gallagher; Qingbin Song; Vivian W.Y. Tam; Huabo Duan. 2020. "A dynamic analysis of the global warming potential associated with air conditioning at a city scale: an empirical study in Shenzhen, China." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 81, no. : 106354.
Cities are constantly evolving and so are the living conditions within and between them. Rapid urbanization and the ever-growing need for housing have turned large areas of many cities into concrete landscapes that lack greenery. Green infrastructure can support human health, provide socio-economic and environmental benefits, and bring color to an otherwise grey urban landscape. Sometimes, benefits come with downsides in relation to its impact on air quality and human health, requiring suitable data and guidelines to implement effective greening strategies. Air pollution and human health, as well as green infrastructure and human health, are often studied together. Linking green infrastructure with air quality and human health together is a unique aspect of this article. A holistic understanding of these links is key to enabling policymakers and urban planners to make informed decisions. By critically evaluating the link between green infrastructure and human health via air pollution mitigation, we also discuss if our existing understanding of such interventions is sufficient to inform their uptake in practice. Natural science and epidemiology approach the topic of green infrastructure and human health very differently. The pathways linking health benefits to pollution reduction by urban vegetation remain unclear and the mode of green infrastructure deployment is critical to avoid unintended consequences. Strategic deployment of green infrastructure may reduce downwind pollution exposure. However, the development of bespoke design guidelines is vital to promote and optimize greening benefits, and measuring green infrastructure's socio-economic and health benefits are key for their uptake. Greening cities to mitigate pollution effects is on the rise and these need to be matched by scientific evidence and appropriate guidelines. We conclude that urban vegetation can facilitate broad health benefits, but there is little empirical evidence linking these benefits to air pollution reduction by urban vegetation, and appreciable efforts are needed to establish the underlying policies, design and engineering guidelines governing its deployment.
Prashant Kumar; Angela Druckman; John Gallagher; Birgitta Gatersleben; Sarah Allison; Theodore S. Eisenman; Uy Hoang; Sarkawt Hama; Arvind Tiwari; Ashish Sharma; K.V. Abhijith; Deepti Adlakha; Aonghus McNabola; Thomas Astell-Burt; Xiaoqi Feng; Anne C. Skeldon; Simon de Lusignan; Lidia Morawska. The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health. Environment International 2019, 133, 105181 .
AMA StylePrashant Kumar, Angela Druckman, John Gallagher, Birgitta Gatersleben, Sarah Allison, Theodore S. Eisenman, Uy Hoang, Sarkawt Hama, Arvind Tiwari, Ashish Sharma, K.V. Abhijith, Deepti Adlakha, Aonghus McNabola, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Anne C. Skeldon, Simon de Lusignan, Lidia Morawska. The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health. Environment International. 2019; 133 ():105181.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrashant Kumar; Angela Druckman; John Gallagher; Birgitta Gatersleben; Sarah Allison; Theodore S. Eisenman; Uy Hoang; Sarkawt Hama; Arvind Tiwari; Ashish Sharma; K.V. Abhijith; Deepti Adlakha; Aonghus McNabola; Thomas Astell-Burt; Xiaoqi Feng; Anne C. Skeldon; Simon de Lusignan; Lidia Morawska. 2019. "The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health." Environment International 133, no. : 105181.
This study quantifies the environmental and economic life cycle impacts of solar photovoltaics (PV), grid electricity and a diesel generator as power sources for pumping water in an irrigation network in Spain. It compares these energy sources in the context of on-grid or off-grid scenarios, where the PV energy is consumed solely by the irrigation pumping system (off-grid) or distributed between the pump and grid (on-grid). Overall, the results show the PV as the option with lower burdens for most environmental impact categories in both, an off- and on-grid scenario, over a 30-year lifespan. However, solar PV demonstrated a higher abiotic resource depletion burden, due to the high material demands from its manufacturing. The on-grid PV option allowed for the export of excess energy, having environmental impacts six times lower than the off-grid option. From an economic perspective, solar PV option was the cheapest energy source, despite higher initial investment. Finally, extending the grid connection to the isolated location ensures grid exports from the solar PV installation, reducing the associated impacts by between 54 and 77% for the different burden categories. Based on a 30-year lifespan, solar PV is the most economically- and environmentally-viable energy source for pumping in irrigation networks.
A. Mérida García; J. Gallagher; A. McNabola; E. Camacho Poyato; P. Montesinos Barrios; J.A. Rodríguez Díaz. Comparing the environmental and economic impacts of on- or off-grid solar photovoltaics with traditional energy sources for rural irrigation systems. Renewable Energy 2019, 140, 895 -904.
AMA StyleA. Mérida García, J. Gallagher, A. McNabola, E. Camacho Poyato, P. Montesinos Barrios, J.A. Rodríguez Díaz. Comparing the environmental and economic impacts of on- or off-grid solar photovoltaics with traditional energy sources for rural irrigation systems. Renewable Energy. 2019; 140 ():895-904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Mérida García; J. Gallagher; A. McNabola; E. Camacho Poyato; P. Montesinos Barrios; J.A. Rodríguez Díaz. 2019. "Comparing the environmental and economic impacts of on- or off-grid solar photovoltaics with traditional energy sources for rural irrigation systems." Renewable Energy 140, no. : 895-904.
The rapid deployment of renewable energy technologies continues, yet the environmental impacts associated with their construction is accepted without sustainable design considerations. This life cycle assessment study quantifies the embodied burdens in the construction phase of eleven micro-hydropower installations, ranging from 70 to 100 kW in size. The consumption of concrete and aggregates, metals and plastics influence each of the five impact categories assessment differently. In relation to global warming potential, upstream production of concrete and aggregates contributed 25–44%, whilst production of plastics contributed 27–49%. For acidification potential, production of metals and plastics contributed 29–67% and 19–45%, respectively. Production of metals used in MHP projects contributed 86–98% of human toxicity potential and 79–98% of abiotic resource depletion, whilst production of plastics contributed 56–77% of fossil resource depletion potential. One low-head scheme had the highest global warming, acidification and fossil resource depletion burdens due to large quantities of materials used in construction, while another scheme demonstrated high human toxicity and abiotic resource depletion burdens due to a 3-km grid connection upgrade for exporting electricity. The results were more sensitive to the quantity of materials used in the micro-hydropower projects than to changes in transport and construction contributions. The use of alternative materials could reduce global warming potential, e.g. a wood-frame powerhouse instead of concrete construction would reduce it by 6–12%. The results also indicated a general trend of reduced burdens per kWh electricity generated as capacity increased. However, no clear correlations were found between site-specific characteristics and environmental impacts in constructing these micro-hydropower projects. Therefore, independent life cycle assessment case studies are still required to inform better construction practices for specific renewable energy projects, with significant potential to improve environmental performance, especially in relation to resource efficiency as per circular economy principles.
T. Ueda; E.S. Roberts; A. Norton; D. Styles; A.P. Williams; H.M. Ramos; J. Gallagher. A life cycle assessment of the construction phase of eleven micro-hydropower installations in the UK. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 218, 1 -9.
AMA StyleT. Ueda, E.S. Roberts, A. Norton, D. Styles, A.P. Williams, H.M. Ramos, J. Gallagher. A life cycle assessment of the construction phase of eleven micro-hydropower installations in the UK. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 218 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Ueda; E.S. Roberts; A. Norton; D. Styles; A.P. Williams; H.M. Ramos; J. Gallagher. 2019. "A life cycle assessment of the construction phase of eleven micro-hydropower installations in the UK." Journal of Cleaner Production 218, no. : 1-9.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a recognised modelling tool for simulating pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons. These studies require accurate street geometry, sufficient modelling experience and access to software to provide reliable outputs. Parked cars are known to act as a passive barrier and affects pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon. This modelling study examines the impact of accurate geometrical detailing and suitable mesh sizing on air pollution concentrations measured at street level. Mean steady state concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were measured in a reference scenario (without parked cars) and three parked car scenarios. A comparison of the results indicated that individual rectangular blocks and generic car scenarios overestimated pollutant concentrations on the footpaths by up to 25% when compared to the results from the five distinct car designs scenario, with the parked cars acting as a passive barrier in each scenario under different wind conditions. The most notable finding demonstrated how the five distinct car designs scenario presented an increase in CO concentrations on the leeward footpath as opposed to a reduction in the results in the other coarser geometrically detailed scenarios. The parked cars trapped pollutants in each scenario with low wind speeds for perpendicular wind conditions, as higher concentrations were measured on the footpaths. A further examination of pollutant decay rates demonstrated how the geometrical detailing of the parked cars also impacted upon the duration taken for pollutants to escape from the footpath zones. These findings demonstrate how parked cars affects pollutant dispersion and concentrations measured on the footpaths at street level, and the adoption of a suitable meshing scheme is vital to capture results in the zone of interest in an urban street canyon.
J. Gallagher; C. Lago. How parked cars affect pollutant dispersion at street level in an urban street canyon? A CFD modelling exercise assessing geometrical detailing and pollutant decay rates. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 651, 2410 -2418.
AMA StyleJ. Gallagher, C. Lago. How parked cars affect pollutant dispersion at street level in an urban street canyon? A CFD modelling exercise assessing geometrical detailing and pollutant decay rates. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 651 ():2410-2418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Gallagher; C. Lago. 2018. "How parked cars affect pollutant dispersion at street level in an urban street canyon? A CFD modelling exercise assessing geometrical detailing and pollutant decay rates." Science of The Total Environment 651, no. : 2410-2418.
For an organization to become a low‐carbon community, delivering a range of sustainability initiatives is necessary. Renewable energy (RE) initiatives, offering a source of low‐carbon electricity to offset an organization's energy needs, fit with this objective. This paper examines the role of innovation in achieving low‐carbon energy in the National Trust (NT), a conservation charity and the largest landowner in the UK. It considers how an eco‐design approach to delivering innovative RE projects, specifically hydropower (HP) installations, has supported their transition to a low‐carbon community. Three HP projects delivered on time and within budget were examined; support for each was built through transparent and regular communications with the NT's membership. Despite limited resources and funding for innovation, the NT minimized the associated risk through effective management and external collaboration. It fostered an open environment for creativity and idea sharing, which was key to delivering the RE projects. Innovation was particularly evident in the HP initiatives explored, as eco‐design considerations informed new and innovative design choices and technology selection as each HP project was designed and constructed. Transitioning to a low‐carbon community is an achievable reality for a conservation charity, and this is enabled through the management of innovation to deliver solutions that meet the low‐carbon energy challenge.
John Gallagher; Paul Coughlan; A. Prysor Williams; Aonghus McNabola. Innovating for low-carbon energy through hydropower: Enabling a conservation charity's transition to a low-carbon community. Creativity and Innovation Management 2018, 27, 375 -386.
AMA StyleJohn Gallagher, Paul Coughlan, A. Prysor Williams, Aonghus McNabola. Innovating for low-carbon energy through hydropower: Enabling a conservation charity's transition to a low-carbon community. Creativity and Innovation Management. 2018; 27 (4):375-386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Gallagher; Paul Coughlan; A. Prysor Williams; Aonghus McNabola. 2018. "Innovating for low-carbon energy through hydropower: Enabling a conservation charity's transition to a low-carbon community." Creativity and Innovation Management 27, no. 4: 375-386.
The EU funded Interreg project REDAWN is presented, setting a new operational framework for efficiently foster micro-hydropower in water distribution.
Armando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Maria Mello; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz; JORGE GARCiA Morillo; Kemi Adeyeye; Paul Coughlan; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project. Proceedings 2018, 2, 681 .
AMA StyleArmando Carravetta, Oreste Fecarotta, Helena M. Ramos, Maria Mello, Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz, JORGE GARCiA Morillo, Kemi Adeyeye, Paul Coughlan, John Gallagher, Aonghus McNabola. Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Carravetta; Oreste Fecarotta; Helena M. Ramos; Maria Mello; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Diaz; JORGE GARCiA Morillo; Kemi Adeyeye; Paul Coughlan; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. 2018. "Reducing the Energy Dependency of Water Networks in Irrigation, Public Drinking Water, and Process Industry: REDAWN Project." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 681.
The agricultural sector is one of the most significant users of water resources worldwide. Irrigation infrastructure has been modernized in recent years in many regions dedicated to agriculture, transitioning from traditional open channels to more efficient on-demand pressurized irrigation networks. Despite improvements in water efficiency, the modernization of these networks has led to increased energy demands of the irrigation sector. Several negative consequences have been linked to additional energy requirements of pressurized networks, such as the rising cost of irrigation water. Other consequence linked has been the excess pressure in certain locations that could be used to recover energy from these networks. This paper studies the excess pressure in pressurized irrigation networks and the conversion of this excess to usable energy by means of small-scale hydropower turbines. Twelve irrigation networks located in the South of Spain have been modelled, quantifying the excess pressure available for power generation. Over 1 GWh per annum has been estimated that could be recovered.
Miguel Crespo Chacón; Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz; Jorge García Morillo; John Gallagher; Paul Coughlan; Aonghus McNabola. Potential Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Irrigation Networks: Real-World Case Studies in the South of Spain. Proceedings 2018, 2, 679 .
AMA StyleMiguel Crespo Chacón, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz, Jorge García Morillo, John Gallagher, Paul Coughlan, Aonghus McNabola. Potential Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Irrigation Networks: Real-World Case Studies in the South of Spain. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Crespo Chacón; Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz; Jorge García Morillo; John Gallagher; Paul Coughlan; Aonghus McNabola. 2018. "Potential Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Irrigation Networks: Real-World Case Studies in the South of Spain." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 679.
Renewable energy (RE) technologies are looked upon favorably to provide for future energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the installation of these technologies requires large quantities of finite material resources. We apply life cycle assessment to 100 years of electricity generation from three stand‐alone RE technologies—solar photovoltaics, run‐of‐river hydro, and wind—to evaluate environmental burden profiles against baseline electricity generation from fossil fuels. We then devised scenarios to incorporate circular economy (CE) improvements targeting hotspots in systems’ life cycle, specifically (1) improved recycling rates for raw materials and (ii) the application of eco‐design. Hydro presented the lowest environmental burdens per kilowatt‐hour of electricity generation compared with other RE technologies, owing to its higher efficiency and longer life spans for main components. Distinct results were observed in the environmental performance of each system based on the consideration of improved recycling rates and eco‐design. CE measures produced similar modest savings in already low GHG emissions burdens for each technology, while eco‐design specifically had the potential to provide significant savings in abiotic resource depletion. Further research to explore the full potential of CE measures for RE technologies will curtail the resource intensity of RE technologies required to mitigate climate change.
John Gallagher; Biswajit Basu; Maria Browne; Alan Kenna; Sarah McCormack; Francesco Pilla; David Styles. Adapting Stand‐Alone Renewable Energy Technologies for the Circular Economy through Eco‐Design and Recycling. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2017, 23, 133 -140.
AMA StyleJohn Gallagher, Biswajit Basu, Maria Browne, Alan Kenna, Sarah McCormack, Francesco Pilla, David Styles. Adapting Stand‐Alone Renewable Energy Technologies for the Circular Economy through Eco‐Design and Recycling. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2017; 23 (1):133-140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Gallagher; Biswajit Basu; Maria Browne; Alan Kenna; Sarah McCormack; Francesco Pilla; David Styles. 2017. "Adapting Stand‐Alone Renewable Energy Technologies for the Circular Economy through Eco‐Design and Recycling." Journal of Industrial Ecology 23, no. 1: 133-140.
Intensifying the proportion of urban green infrastructure has been considered as one of the remedies for air pollution levels in cities, yet the impact of numerous vegetation types deployed in different built environments has to be fully synthesised and quantified. This review examined published literature on neighbourhood air quality modifications by green interventions. Studies were evaluated that discussed personal exposure to local sources of air pollution under the presence of vegetation in open road and built-up street canyon environments. Further, we critically evaluated the available literature to provide a better understanding of the interactions between vegetation and surrounding built-up environments and ascertain means of reducing local air pollution exposure using green infrastructure. The net effects of vegetation in each built-up environment are also summarised and possible recommendations for the future design of green infrastructure are proposed. In a street canyon environment, high-level vegetation canopies (trees) led to a deterioration in air quality, while low-level green infrastructure (hedges) improved air quality conditions. For open road conditions, wide, low porosity and tall vegetation leads to downwind pollutant reductions while gaps and high porosity vegetation could lead to no improvement or even deteriorated air quality. The review considers that generic recommendations can be provided for vegetation barriers in open road conditions. Green walls and roofs on building envelopes can also be used as effective air pollution abatement measures. The critical evaluation of the fundamental concepts and the amalgamation of key technical features of past studies by this review could assist urban planners to design and implement green infrastructures in the built environment
K.V. Abhijith; Prashant Kumar; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola; Richard Baldauf; Francesco Pilla; Brian Broderick; Silvana DI Sabatino; Beatrice Pulvirenti. Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments – A review. Atmospheric Environment 2017, 162, 71 -86.
AMA StyleK.V. Abhijith, Prashant Kumar, John Gallagher, Aonghus McNabola, Richard Baldauf, Francesco Pilla, Brian Broderick, Silvana DI Sabatino, Beatrice Pulvirenti. Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments – A review. Atmospheric Environment. 2017; 162 ():71-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.V. Abhijith; Prashant Kumar; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola; Richard Baldauf; Francesco Pilla; Brian Broderick; Silvana DI Sabatino; Beatrice Pulvirenti. 2017. "Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments – A review." Atmospheric Environment 162, no. : 71-86.
David Morgan; Terence Daly; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. Reducing energy consumption and increasing filter life in HVAC systems using an aspiration efficiency reducer: Long-term performance assessment at full-scale. Journal of Building Engineering 2017, 12, 267 -274.
AMA StyleDavid Morgan, Terence Daly, John Gallagher, Aonghus McNabola. Reducing energy consumption and increasing filter life in HVAC systems using an aspiration efficiency reducer: Long-term performance assessment at full-scale. Journal of Building Engineering. 2017; 12 ():267-274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Morgan; Terence Daly; John Gallagher; Aonghus McNabola. 2017. "Reducing energy consumption and increasing filter life in HVAC systems using an aspiration efficiency reducer: Long-term performance assessment at full-scale." Journal of Building Engineering 12, no. : 267-274.
Air pollution continues to be a problem in the urban environment. A range of different pollutant mitigation strategies that promote dispersion and deposition exist, but there is little evidence with respect to their comparative performance from both an environmental and economic perspective. This paper focuses on examining different NO mitigation strategies such as trees, buildings facades coated with photocatalytic paint and solid barriers in Oxford Street in London. The case study findings will support ranking the environmental and economic impacts of these different strategies to improve personal exposure conditions on the footpath and on the road in a real urban street canyon. CFD simulations of airflow and NO dispersion in Oxford Street in London were undertaken using the OpenFOAM software platform with the k-ε model, taking into account local prevailing wind conditions. Trees are shown to be the most cost-effective strategy, with a small reduction in NO concentrations of up to 0.7% on the road. However, solid barriers with and without the application of photocatalytic paint and an innovative material (20 times more expensive than trees) can improve air quality on the footpaths more substantially, up to 7.4%, yet this has a significant detrimental impact on NO concentrations (≤23.8%) on the road. Photocatalytic paint on building surfaces presented a minimal environmental reductions (1.2%) and economic (>100 times more expensive than trees) mitigation strategy. The findings recognised the differences between footpath and road concentrations occurred and that a focused examination of three pollution hotspots can provide more cost effective pollution mitigation. This study considers how a number of pollutant mitigation measures can be applied in a single street canyon and demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies from economic and environmental perspectives. Further research is required to extrapolate the findings presented here to different street geometries.
A.P.R. Jeanjean; John Gallagher; P.S. Monks; R.J. Leigh. Ranking current and prospective NO 2 pollution mitigation strategies: An environmental and economic modelling investigation in Oxford Street, London. Environmental Pollution 2017, 225, 587 -597.
AMA StyleA.P.R. Jeanjean, John Gallagher, P.S. Monks, R.J. Leigh. Ranking current and prospective NO 2 pollution mitigation strategies: An environmental and economic modelling investigation in Oxford Street, London. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 225 ():587-597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.P.R. Jeanjean; John Gallagher; P.S. Monks; R.J. Leigh. 2017. "Ranking current and prospective NO 2 pollution mitigation strategies: An environmental and economic modelling investigation in Oxford Street, London." Environmental Pollution 225, no. : 587-597.
Incorporating microhydropower (MHP) turbines within water supply networks has the potential to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the sector. However, long-term flow and head variations in water networks are key risk factors that increase turbine performance uncertainty in the medium-to-long term, potentially impacting the investment payback period. Using high-resolution historical flow and head data across a number of pressure reducing valve sites in water networks in Ireland, this study presents an assessment of the impact of flow and head variations on turbine efficiency and power output over a 20-year period. Results indicated that pumps-as-turbines (PATs) represent a viable low-cost option over the long term at sites with smaller power output potential. Where flow and head rates displayed considerable fluctuation, the integration of a two-PAT configuration could improve operating efficiency and maximize power output. This design strategy opens up the opportunity to conduct energy recovery from sites that may previously have been considered unsuitable for MHP.
Jennifer Brady; John Gallagher; Lucy Corcoran; Paul Coughlan; Aonghus McNabola. Effects of Long-Term Flow Variation on Microhydropower Energy Production in Pressure Reducing Valves in Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2017, 143, 04016076 .
AMA StyleJennifer Brady, John Gallagher, Lucy Corcoran, Paul Coughlan, Aonghus McNabola. Effects of Long-Term Flow Variation on Microhydropower Energy Production in Pressure Reducing Valves in Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2017; 143 (3):04016076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Brady; John Gallagher; Lucy Corcoran; Paul Coughlan; Aonghus McNabola. 2017. "Effects of Long-Term Flow Variation on Microhydropower Energy Production in Pressure Reducing Valves in Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 143, no. 3: 04016076.
Personal measurement studies and modelling investigations are used to examine pollutant exposure for pedestrians in the urban environment: each presenting various strengths and weaknesses in relation to labour and equipment costs, a sufficient sampling period and the accuracy of results. This modelling exercise considers the potential benefits of modelling results over personal measurement studies and aims to demonstrate how variations in fleet composition affects exposure results (presented as mean concentrations along the centre of both footpaths) in different traffic scenarios. A model of Pearse Street in Dublin, Ireland was developed by combining a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and a semi-empirical equation to simulate pollutant dispersion in the street. Using local NOx concentrations, traffic and meteorological data from a two-week period in 2011, the model were validated and a good fit was presented. To explore the long-term variations in personal exposure due to variations in fleet composition, synthesised traffic data was used to compare short-term personal exposure data (over a two-week period) with the results for an extended one-year period. Personal exposure during the two-week period underestimated the one-year results by between 8% and 65% on adjacent footpaths. The findings demonstrate the potential for relative differences in pedestrian exposure to exist between the north and south footpaths due to changing wind conditions in both peak and off-peak traffic scenarios. This modelling approach may help overcome potential under- or over-estimations of concentrations in personal measurement studies on the footpaths. Further research aims to measure pollutant concentrations on adjacent footpaths in different traffic and wind conditions and to develop a simpler modelling system to identify pollutant hotspots on our city footpaths so that urban planners can implement improvement strategies to improve urban air quality.
J. Gallagher. A modelling exercise to examine variations of NO x concentrations on adjacent footpaths in a street canyon: The importance of accounting for wind conditions and fleet composition. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 550, 1065 -1074.
AMA StyleJ. Gallagher. A modelling exercise to examine variations of NO x concentrations on adjacent footpaths in a street canyon: The importance of accounting for wind conditions and fleet composition. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 550 ():1065-1074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Gallagher. 2016. "A modelling exercise to examine variations of NO x concentrations on adjacent footpaths in a street canyon: The importance of accounting for wind conditions and fleet composition." Science of The Total Environment 550, no. : 1065-1074.