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PM2.5 pollution is a widespread environmental and health problem, particularly in China. Besides leading to well-known diseases in the respiratory system, PM2.5 can also alter immune function to induce or aggravate allergic diseases. To determine whether there are temporal and spatial differences in the allergic responses to PM2.5, monthly samples were collected from four regions (urban, industrial, suburban, and rural areas) through a whole year in Nanjing city, China. Inorganic chemical components (metals and water-soluble ions) of PM2.5 were analyzed, and the rat basophil cells (RBL-2H3) exposed to PM2.5 were assessed through quantitative measures of degranulation (β-hex and histamine) and pro-inflammation cytokine (IL-4 and TNF-α) expression. The highest levels of β-hex were measured in winter and spring PM2.5 from urban and industrial areas, or autumn PM2.5 from suburban and rural areas. With respect to histamine, autumn PM2.5 samples were most potent irrespective of the location. Autumn and winter PM2.5 induced higher levels of IL-4 than spring and summer samples. However, spring and autumn PM2.5 caused higher levels of TNF-α. The concentrations of water-soluble ions (NH4+, K+ and Cl−), as well as heavy metals (Pb and Cr), were directly and statistically correlated to the inflammation observed in vitro. In general, the differences between regional and seasonal PM2.5 in stimulating cell degranulation may depend on endotoxin and airborne allergen content of PM2.5. The heavy metals and water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were mostly anthropogenic, which increased the particles' mass-based cellular inflammatory potential, therefore, their health risks, e.g. from vehicular exhaust, coal, and biomass combustion, cannot be ignored.
Mingwei Tang; Xiao-San Luo; Weijie Huang; Yuting Pang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Lichun Wu; Kent E. Pinkerton. Seasonal and areal variability in PM2.5 poses differential degranulation and pro-inflammatory effects on RBL-2H3 cells. Chemosphere 2021, 279, 130919 .
AMA StyleMingwei Tang, Xiao-San Luo, Weijie Huang, Yuting Pang, Youwei Hong, Jinsheng Chen, Lichun Wu, Kent E. Pinkerton. Seasonal and areal variability in PM2.5 poses differential degranulation and pro-inflammatory effects on RBL-2H3 cells. Chemosphere. 2021; 279 ():130919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingwei Tang; Xiao-San Luo; Weijie Huang; Yuting Pang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Lichun Wu; Kent E. Pinkerton. 2021. "Seasonal and areal variability in PM2.5 poses differential degranulation and pro-inflammatory effects on RBL-2H3 cells." Chemosphere 279, no. : 130919.
Air pollution is a serious environmental issue. As a key aerosol component, PM2.5 associated toxic trace metals pose significant health risks by inhalation and ingestion, but the evidences and mechanisms were insufficient and not well understood just by their total environmental concentrations. To accurately assess the potential risks of airborne metals, a series of in vitro physiologically based tests with synthetic human lung and gastrointestinal fluids were conducted to assess both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of various PM2.5 bound metals in the respiratory and digestive systems from both urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city. Moreover, the chemical acellular toxicity test [dithiothreitol (DTT) assay] and source analysis were performed. Generally, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of investigated metals were element and body fluid dependent. Source oriented metals in PM2.5 showed diverse bioaccessibility in different human organs. The PM2.5 induced oxidative potential was mainly contributed by the bioaccessible/bioavailable transition metals such as Fe, Ni and Co from metallurgic dust and traffic emission. Future researches on the toxicological mechanisms of airborne metals incorporating the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and toxicity tests are directions.
Zhen Zhao; Xiao-San Luo; Yuanshu Jing; Hongbo Li; Yuting Pang; Lichun Wu; Qi Chen; Ling Jin. In vitro assessments of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PM2.5 trace metals in respiratory and digestive systems and their oxidative potential. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 409, 124638 .
AMA StyleZhen Zhao, Xiao-San Luo, Yuanshu Jing, Hongbo Li, Yuting Pang, Lichun Wu, Qi Chen, Ling Jin. In vitro assessments of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PM2.5 trace metals in respiratory and digestive systems and their oxidative potential. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 409 ():124638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen Zhao; Xiao-San Luo; Yuanshu Jing; Hongbo Li; Yuting Pang; Lichun Wu; Qi Chen; Ling Jin. 2020. "In vitro assessments of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PM2.5 trace metals in respiratory and digestive systems and their oxidative potential." Journal of Hazardous Materials 409, no. : 124638.
Environmental air pollutants pose significant threats to public health, especially the toxicity and diseases caused by the atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5). Since the health risks vary with both the concentrations and compositions of PM2.5 which are determined by aerosol sources, how are their toxic effects relevant to the pollution level becomes an important issue, such as the haze episodes covering clean and polluted days. With the transition from non-pollution to pollution stage, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from both the urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city, eastern China, covering a typical haze event in autumn-winter. Their unpropitious effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549) were compared by in vitro toxicity assays and chemical component analysis. Both air levels and cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 varied with the transition of haze event. Although the concentration of PM2.5 in air is of course the highest in pollution stage driven by local stable meteorological condition, unit mass of them posed higher toxicity (lower cell viability and higher IL-6) but induced lower cell oxidative (evidences of ROS and NQO1 mRNA expression) and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α responses than those particles during non-pollution stage. These patterns were explained by the metals and water-soluble components decreased with the haze development. Non-soluble particulate carbonaceous aerosol compositions might play a significant role in inducing cytotoxicity. Moreover, the regional pattern of episode pollution weakened the spatial variation within a city scale. Since the haze development intensified both the quantity and toxicity of PM2.5 in air, the health risks of overall aerosol exposure were synthetically amplified during haze weather, so the increased air particles with higher toxic components from fuel combustion sources should be key targets of pollution control.
Yuting Pang; Weijie Huang; Xiao-San Luo; Qi Chen; Zhen Zhao; Mingwei Tang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Hongbo Li. In-vitro human lung cell injuries induced by urban PM2.5 during a severe air pollution episode: Variations associated with particle components. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 206, 111406 .
AMA StyleYuting Pang, Weijie Huang, Xiao-San Luo, Qi Chen, Zhen Zhao, Mingwei Tang, Youwei Hong, Jinsheng Chen, Hongbo Li. In-vitro human lung cell injuries induced by urban PM2.5 during a severe air pollution episode: Variations associated with particle components. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 206 ():111406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuting Pang; Weijie Huang; Xiao-San Luo; Qi Chen; Zhen Zhao; Mingwei Tang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Hongbo Li. 2020. "In-vitro human lung cell injuries induced by urban PM2.5 during a severe air pollution episode: Variations associated with particle components." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 206, no. : 111406.
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can harm human health, but the chemical composition and toxicity of PM2.5 pollution might vary with weather conditions. In order to investigate the impacts of snowfall weather on aerosol characteristics and toxicity by changing particle sources and components, the daily PM2.5 samples were collected before, during, and after a snowfall event in urban, industrial, suburban, and rural areas of Nanjing city in eastern China, for both chemical composition analysis and cytotoxicity tests. After 24 h exposure to these PM2.5, the cell activity, oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factor expression levels of human lung epithelial cells A549 were measured by ELISA, and DNA damage was determined by comet assay. Although the concentrations of PM2.5 in the air were reduced during snowfall, they posed stronger cytotoxicity, genetic toxicity and inflammatory responses to A549 cells. Related to the elevated mass concentrations of some components accumulated in PM2.5 during snowfall, As, Co, Cr, Sr, V, water-soluble Na+ and Ca2+ showed positive correlations with toxicity indicators. Therefore, snowfall will clean air by deposition, but also make the PM2.5 components remaining in air mostly anthropogenic by covering ground soil/dust, thus increase the particle's mass-based cytotoxicity and their health risks still cannot be ignored, such as the heavy metals and water-soluble ions from automobile exhaust and coal combustion.
Weijie Huang; Yuting Pang; Xiao-San Luo; Qi Chen; Lichun Wu; Mingwei Tang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Ling Jin. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM2.5 during a snowfall event in different functional areas of a megacity. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 741, 140267 .
AMA StyleWeijie Huang, Yuting Pang, Xiao-San Luo, Qi Chen, Lichun Wu, Mingwei Tang, Youwei Hong, Jinsheng Chen, Ling Jin. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM2.5 during a snowfall event in different functional areas of a megacity. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 741 ():140267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeijie Huang; Yuting Pang; Xiao-San Luo; Qi Chen; Lichun Wu; Mingwei Tang; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Ling Jin. 2020. "The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM2.5 during a snowfall event in different functional areas of a megacity." Science of The Total Environment 741, no. : 140267.
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) pollution and soil trace metal (TM) contamination are binary environmental issues harming ecosystems and human health, especially in the developing China with rapid urbanization and industrialization. Since PMs contain TMs, the air-soil nexus should be investigated synthetically. Although the PMs and airborne TMs are mainly emitted from urban or industrial areas, they can reach the rural and remote mountain areas owing to the ability of long-range transport. After dry or wet deposition, they will participate in the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles of TMs in various soil-plant systems, including urban soil-greening trees, agricultural soil-food crops, and mountain soil-natural forest systems. Besides the well-known root uptake, the pathway of leaf deposition and foliar absorption contribute significantly to the plant TM accumulation. Moreover, the aerosols can also exert climatic effects by absorption and scattering of solar radiation and by the cloud condensation nuclei activity, thereby indirectly impact plant growth and probably crop TM accumulation through photosynthesis, and then threat health. In particular, this systematic review summarizes the interactions of PMs-TMs in soil-plant systems including the deposition, transfer, accumulation, toxicity, and mechanisms among them. Finally, current knowledge gaps and prospective are proposed for future research agendas. These analyses would be conducive to improving urban air quality and managing the agricultural and ecological risks of airborne metals.
Xiaosan Luo; Haijian Bing; Zhuanxi Luo; Yujun Wang; Ling Jin. Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on environmental biogeochemistry of trace metals in soil-plant system: A review. Environmental Pollution 2019, 255, 113138 .
AMA StyleXiaosan Luo, Haijian Bing, Zhuanxi Luo, Yujun Wang, Ling Jin. Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on environmental biogeochemistry of trace metals in soil-plant system: A review. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 255 ():113138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaosan Luo; Haijian Bing; Zhuanxi Luo; Yujun Wang; Ling Jin. 2019. "Impacts of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on environmental biogeochemistry of trace metals in soil-plant system: A review." Environmental Pollution 255, no. : 113138.
Trace metal contamination prevails in various compartments of the urban environment. Understanding the roles of various anthropogenic sources in urban trace metal contamination is critical for pollution control and city development. In this study, the source contribution from various contamination sources to trace metal contamination (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr and Ni) in different environmental compartments in a typical megacity, Guangzhou, southern China, was investigated using the receptor model (Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression, APCS-MLR) coupled with the Kriging technique. Lead isotopic data and APCS-MLR analysis identified industrial and traffic emissions as the major sources of trace metals in surface soil, road dust, and foliar dust in Guangzhou. Lead isotopic compositions of road dust and foliar dust exhibited similar ranges, implying their similar sources and potential metal exchange between them. Re-suspended soil contributed to 0–38% and 25–58% of the trace metals in the road dust and foliar dust, respectively, indicating the transport of the different terrestrial dust. Spatial distribution patterns implied that Cu in the road dust was a good indicator of traffic contamination, particularly with traffic volume and vehicle speed. Lead and Zn in foliar dust indicated mainly industrial contamination, which decreased from the emission source (e.g., a power plant and steel factory) to the surrounding environment. The spatial influence of industry and traffic on the contamination status of road dust/foliar dust was successfully separated from that of other anthropogenic sources. This study demonstrated that anthropogenic inputs of trace metals in various environmental compartments (e.g., urban soil, road dust, and foliar dust) can be evaluated using a combined APCS-MLR receptor model and geostatistical analysis at a megacity scale. The coupled use of APCS-MLR analysis, geostatistics, and Pb isotopes successfully deciphered the spatial influence of the contamination sources in the urban environment matrix, providing some important information for further land remediation and health risk assessment.
Si-Yuan Liang; Jin-Li Cui; Xiang-Yang Bi; Xiao-San Luo; Xiang-Dong Li. Deciphering source contributions of trace metal contamination in urban soil, road dust, and foliar dust of Guangzhou, southern China. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 695, 133596 .
AMA StyleSi-Yuan Liang, Jin-Li Cui, Xiang-Yang Bi, Xiao-San Luo, Xiang-Dong Li. Deciphering source contributions of trace metal contamination in urban soil, road dust, and foliar dust of Guangzhou, southern China. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 695 ():133596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi-Yuan Liang; Jin-Li Cui; Xiang-Yang Bi; Xiao-San Luo; Xiang-Dong Li. 2019. "Deciphering source contributions of trace metal contamination in urban soil, road dust, and foliar dust of Guangzhou, southern China." Science of The Total Environment 695, no. : 133596.
Aerosol pollution is a serious environmental issue, especially in China where there has been rapid urbanization. To identify the intra-annual and regional distributions of health risks and potential sources of heavy metals in atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5), this work collected monthly PM2.5 samples from urban, industrial, suburban, and rural areas in Nanjing city during 2016 and analyzed the heavy metal compositions (Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, V, Sr, Mn, Ti, and Sb). Enrichment factors (EFs) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to investigate the sources. The atmospheric PM2.5 pollution level was highest in the industrial area, followed by the urban and suburban areas, and was the lowest in the rural area. Seasonally, the concentrations of PM2.5 and associated heavy metals in spring and winter were higher than those in summer and autumn. Besides natural sources, heavy metal pollution in PM2.5 might come from metallurgical dust in the industrial area, while it mainly comes from automobile exhaust in urban and suburban areas. Health risk assessments revealed that noncancerous hazards of heavy metals in PM2.5 were low, while the lifetime cancer risks obviously exceeded the threshold. The airborne metal pollution in various functional areas of the city impacted human health differently.
Lichun Wu; Xiao-San Luo; Hongbo Li; Long Cang; Jie Yang; Jiangli Yang; Zhen Zhao; Mingwei Tang. Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 419 .
AMA StyleLichun Wu, Xiao-San Luo, Hongbo Li, Long Cang, Jie Yang, Jiangli Yang, Zhen Zhao, Mingwei Tang. Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (7):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLichun Wu; Xiao-San Luo; Hongbo Li; Long Cang; Jie Yang; Jiangli Yang; Zhen Zhao; Mingwei Tang. 2019. "Seasonal Levels, Sources, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM2.5 from Four Functional Areas of Nanjing City, Eastern China." Atmosphere 10, no. 7: 419.
Organic pollutants are important harmful components in atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5), health risks of which varied with temporal and spatial distributions. To clarify the characteristics of atmospheric organic pollution, the concentrations, sources, and human health risks of typical organic compositions in PM2.5 samples from both industrial and urban areas of Nanjing in eastern China were investigated monthly for a year. Results showed that, the concentrations of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes were higher in winter and spring than those in summer and autumn. The organic pollution was slightly higher in industrial than urban area, though the PAHs in autumn and the n-alkanes in warm season (summer and autumn) were higher in urban area. With regards to the pollutant sources, the atmospheric PAHs were dominated by motor vehicle exhaust in the urban area, and combined with coal combustion emission in the industrial area. Airborne n-alkanes were mainly from biological source accompanied by fossil fuel combustion in industrial area. The PM2.5-bound PAHs indicated higher risks to adults in industrial area than in urban area with the seasonal patterns: winter > spring > autumn > summer. More attention should be paid to the health risks of exposure to organic pollutants accumulated in PM2.5 during cold season. Controlling vehicle emissions might be the key measure for alleviating atmospheric PAHs and n-alkanes pollution in megacities, while coal purification can be an effective control method in industrial areas.
Qi Chen; Yan Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Youwei Hong; Zhenyu Hong; Zhen Zhao; Jinsheng Chen. Seasonal characteristics and health risks of PM2.5-bound organic pollutants in industrial and urban areas of a China megacity. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 245, 273 -281.
AMA StyleQi Chen, Yan Chen, Xiao-San Luo, Youwei Hong, Zhenyu Hong, Zhen Zhao, Jinsheng Chen. Seasonal characteristics and health risks of PM2.5-bound organic pollutants in industrial and urban areas of a China megacity. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 245 ():273-281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Chen; Yan Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Youwei Hong; Zhenyu Hong; Zhen Zhao; Jinsheng Chen. 2019. "Seasonal characteristics and health risks of PM2.5-bound organic pollutants in industrial and urban areas of a China megacity." Journal of Environmental Management 245, no. : 273-281.
The atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) induce significant negative effects on human health, such as in the form of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response. Organic pollutants are important harmful and toxic compositions in PM2.5, risks of which usually show temporal and spatial variations. To investigate the toxic effects of airborne organic pollutants on human lung epithelial cells A549, the PM2.5 samples were collected monthly from both urban and industrial areas during a whole year in Nanjing, eastern China. After exposure to organic components extracted from these PM2.5, the cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase content, oxidative stress index level and inflammatory factor expression level were measured. Supported by the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes, results showed that, organic components of PM2.5 from cold season (winter and spring) typically influenced cell membrane, cell oxidation and inflammatory damage, while the urban samples of warm season (summer and autumn) impacted cell viability more prominently. Spatially, the toxicity of samples from industrial sources was generally stronger than that from urban source, but urban samples induced much stronger damage to cell membranes than industrial one. The correlations between the PAHs, n-alkanes contents and toxicity parameters indicated that, the airborne organic components derived from motor vehicle exhaust and coal combustion were possibly the key toxic sources.
Qi Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Yan Chen; Zhen Zhao; Youwei Hong; Yuting Pang; Weijie Huang; Yi Wang; Ling Jin. Seasonally varied cytotoxicity of organic components in PM2.5 from urban and industrial areas of a Chinese megacity. Chemosphere 2019, 230, 424 -431.
AMA StyleQi Chen, Xiao-San Luo, Yan Chen, Zhen Zhao, Youwei Hong, Yuting Pang, Weijie Huang, Yi Wang, Ling Jin. Seasonally varied cytotoxicity of organic components in PM2.5 from urban and industrial areas of a Chinese megacity. Chemosphere. 2019; 230 ():424-431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Yan Chen; Zhen Zhao; Youwei Hong; Yuting Pang; Weijie Huang; Yi Wang; Ling Jin. 2019. "Seasonally varied cytotoxicity of organic components in PM2.5 from urban and industrial areas of a Chinese megacity." Chemosphere 230, no. : 424-431.
The increases in CO2 concentration and attendant temperature are likely to impact agricultural production. This study investigated the effects of elevated temperature alone and in combination with CO2 enrichment on grain yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays) grown in a Mollisol over five-year growing seasons. Plants were grown in open-top chambers with the ambient control, 2.1 °C increase in air temperature (eT) and eT together with 700 ppm atmospheric CO2 concentration (eTeCO2). While eTeCO2 but not eT increased the mean grain yield of soybean by 31%, eTeCO2 and eT increased the yield of maize similarly by around 25% compared to the ambient control. Furthermore, eT and eTeCO2 did not significantly affect grain protein of either species but consistently increased oil concentrations in grains of both species with eTeCO2 increasing more. The eT increased grain Fe concentration relative to the control treatment but decreased Ca concentration, while the relative concentrations of P, K, Mn and Zn varied with crop species. The elevated CO2 enlarged the eT effect on Fe concentration, but decreased the effect on Ca concentration. The results suggest that crop selection is important to maximize yield benefits and to maintain grain quality to cope with elevated CO2 and temperature of future climate change in this temperate region where the temperature is near or below the optimal temperature for crop production.
Yunfa Qiao; Shujie Miao; Qi Li; Jian Jin; Xiao-San Luo; Caixian Tang. Elevated CO2 and temperature increase grain oil concentration but their impacts on grain yield differ between soybean and maize grown in a temperate region. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 666, 405 -413.
AMA StyleYunfa Qiao, Shujie Miao, Qi Li, Jian Jin, Xiao-San Luo, Caixian Tang. Elevated CO2 and temperature increase grain oil concentration but their impacts on grain yield differ between soybean and maize grown in a temperate region. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 666 ():405-413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfa Qiao; Shujie Miao; Qi Li; Jian Jin; Xiao-San Luo; Caixian Tang. 2019. "Elevated CO2 and temperature increase grain oil concentration but their impacts on grain yield differ between soybean and maize grown in a temperate region." Science of The Total Environment 666, no. : 405-413.
Climate changes have significant impacts on crop yield, and also on crop quality related to food safety and human health. This study investigated the influences of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment on cereal metal accumulation in soil-crop system. Field rotation experiments of rice (Oryza sativa) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were conducted by simulating elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) in 12 open-top chambers (OTCs). The treatments included the ambient [CO2] (CK), 80 ppm (T1) and 200 ppm (T2) above ambient condition, respectively. Different parts of above-ground plant samples were analyzed for metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn; Ca, Mg) at the key growth stages, assisted with analyses of soil pH, metal bioavailability, and transfer factors (TFs). The result patterns were opposite for rice and wheat. After the increased transport from rhizospheric soil solution due to the metal mobilization by declined pH, most metals increased their distributions in rice grain, husk, and stem than leaf. While for winter wheat, though soil metal bioavailability was also increased, their distributions in grain, husk, and stem were decreased owing to possible carbohydrate dilution effect or cation competition, except some macro metals distributed more in leaf. Since results of metals and crops are not always consistent among various reports, the mechanisms of essential/toxic metal transport in soil-crop system affected by climate change and its impacts on human health deserve further studies.
Xiao-San Luo; Dan Zhang; Zhenghua Hu; Chao Liu; Zhen Zhao; Wenjuan Sun; Xiaokun Fang; Peipei Fan. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on metal transport in soil-crop system: results from a field rice and wheat experiment. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2019, 19, 3742 -3748.
AMA StyleXiao-San Luo, Dan Zhang, Zhenghua Hu, Chao Liu, Zhen Zhao, Wenjuan Sun, Xiaokun Fang, Peipei Fan. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on metal transport in soil-crop system: results from a field rice and wheat experiment. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2019; 19 (11):3742-3748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao-San Luo; Dan Zhang; Zhenghua Hu; Chao Liu; Zhen Zhao; Wenjuan Sun; Xiaokun Fang; Peipei Fan. 2019. "Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on metal transport in soil-crop system: results from a field rice and wheat experiment." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 11: 3742-3748.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a typical air pollutant and has adverse health effects across the world, especially in the rapidly developing China due to significant air pollution. The PM2.5 pollution varies with time and space, and is dominated by the locations owing to the differences in geographical conditions including topography and meteorology, the land use and the characteristics of urbanization and industrialization, all of which control the pollution formation by influencing the various sources and transport of PM2.5. To characterize these parameters and mechanisms, the 5-year PM2.5 pollution patterns of Jiangsu province in eastern China with high-resolution was investigated. The Kriging interpolation method of geostatistical analysis (GIS) and the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were conducted to study the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollution at 110 sites from national air quality monitoring network covering 13 cities. The PM2.5 pollution of the studied region was obvious, although the annual average concentration decreased from previous 72 to recent 50 μg m−3. Evident temporal variations showed high PM2.5 level in winter and low in summer. Spatially, PM2.5 level was higher in northern (inland, heavy industry) than that in eastern (costal, plain) regions. Industrial sources contributed highest to the air pollution. Backward trajectory clustering and potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis indicated that the typical monsoon climate played an important role in the aerosol transport. In summer, the air mass in Jiangsu was mainly affected by the updraft from near region, which accounted for about 60% of the total number of trajectories, while in winter, the long-distance transport from the northwest had a significant impact on air pollution.
Xue Sun; Xiao-San Luo; Jiangbing Xu; Zhen Zhao; Yan Chen; Lichun Wu; Qi Chen; Dan Zhang. Spatio-temporal variations and factors of a provincial PM2.5 pollution in eastern China during 2013–2017 by geostatistics. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -10.
AMA StyleXue Sun, Xiao-San Luo, Jiangbing Xu, Zhen Zhao, Yan Chen, Lichun Wu, Qi Chen, Dan Zhang. Spatio-temporal variations and factors of a provincial PM2.5 pollution in eastern China during 2013–2017 by geostatistics. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue Sun; Xiao-San Luo; Jiangbing Xu; Zhen Zhao; Yan Chen; Lichun Wu; Qi Chen; Dan Zhang. 2019. "Spatio-temporal variations and factors of a provincial PM2.5 pollution in eastern China during 2013–2017 by geostatistics." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-10.
Airborne transmission is one of the environmental dissemination pathways of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and has critical implications for human exposure through inhalation. In this study, we focused on three regions of China to reveal some unique spatiotemporal features of airborne bacteria and ARGs in fine aerosols (PM2.5): (1) greater seasonal variations in the abundance of bacteria and ARGs in temperate urban Beijing than in the subtropical urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions, with regional disparities in bacterial communities; (2) geographical fingerprints of ARG profiles independent of seasonal cycles and land-use gradients within each region; (3) region-independent associations between the targeted ARGs and limited bacterial genera; (4) common correlations between ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) across regions; and (5) PM2.5 at the higher end of ARG enrichment across various environmental and human media. The spatiotemporally differentiated bacterial communities and ARG abundances, and spatiotemporally conserved profiles, mobility, and potential hosts of ARGs in the atmosphere have strong implications for human inhalational exposure over spatiotemporal scales. By comparing other contributing pathways for the intake of ARGs (e.g., drinking water and food ingestion) in China and the U.S., we identified the region-specific importance of inhalation in China as well as country-specific exposure scenarios. Our study thus highlights the significance of inhalation as an integral part of the aggregate exposure pathways of environmentally disseminated ARGs, which, in turn, may help in the formulation of adaptive strategies to mitigate the exposure risks in China and beyond.
Jiawen Xie; Ling Jin; Tangtian He; Baowei Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Baihuan Feng; Wei Huang; Jun Li; Pingqing Fu; Xiangdong Li. Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in PM2.5 from China: Implications for Human Exposure. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 53, 963 -972.
AMA StyleJiawen Xie, Ling Jin, Tangtian He, Baowei Chen, Xiao-San Luo, Baihuan Feng, Wei Huang, Jun Li, Pingqing Fu, Xiangdong Li. Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in PM2.5 from China: Implications for Human Exposure. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 53 (2):963-972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiawen Xie; Ling Jin; Tangtian He; Baowei Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Baihuan Feng; Wei Huang; Jun Li; Pingqing Fu; Xiangdong Li. 2018. "Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in PM2.5 from China: Implications for Human Exposure." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 2: 963-972.
Atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) pose significant risks to human health through inhalation, especially in the rapidly developing China due to air pollution. The harmful effects of PM2.5 are determined not only by its concentrations and hazardous components from diverse sources, but more by their bioavailable fractions actually absorbed by human body. To accurately estimate the inhalation risks of airborne metals, a physiologically based bioaccessibility method combining Simulated Lung Fluid (SLF) extraction and Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) approaches was developed, representing the dissolution of particulate metals into lung fluid and the subsequent lung absorption of free metal cations in solution, respectively. The new method was used to compare the lung bioaccessibility of typical trace metals in PM2.5 from three China megacities (Shanghai and Nanjing in the east, Guangzhou in south) during heavy pollution seasons. Generally, the SLF bioaccessibility (%) simulating the solubility of particulate metals in alveolar lung fluid was in order of Ni > Cd > Mn » Pb, while the succeeding DGT bioaccessibility representing labile metal fractions in solution phase absorbed directly by lung was lower and ranked as Ni ∼ Mn > Cd » Pb, thus Ni and Cd posed relatively higher potential risks owing to their high air pollution level and higher pulmonary bioaccessibility. Due to varied particle sources such as coal combustion and traffic emissions, some airborne metal concentrations (Pb, Ni) showed inconsistent spatial patterns with bulk PM2.5 concentrations, and also varied bioaccessibility in different regions. The framework for PM2.5 pollution risk assessments should be refined by considering both aerosol components and associated pollutants' bioaccessibility.
Xiaosan Luo; Zhen Zhao; Jiawen Xie; Jun Luo; Yan Chen; Hongbo Li; Ling Jin. Pulmonary bioaccessibility of trace metals in PM2.5 from different megacities simulated by lung fluid extraction and DGT method. Chemosphere 2018, 218, 915 -921.
AMA StyleXiaosan Luo, Zhen Zhao, Jiawen Xie, Jun Luo, Yan Chen, Hongbo Li, Ling Jin. Pulmonary bioaccessibility of trace metals in PM2.5 from different megacities simulated by lung fluid extraction and DGT method. Chemosphere. 2018; 218 ():915-921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaosan Luo; Zhen Zhao; Jiawen Xie; Jun Luo; Yan Chen; Hongbo Li; Ling Jin. 2018. "Pulmonary bioaccessibility of trace metals in PM2.5 from different megacities simulated by lung fluid extraction and DGT method." Chemosphere 218, no. : 915-921.
Atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) induce adverse human health effects through inhalation, and the harmful effects of PM2.5 are determined not only by its air concentrations, but also by the particle components varied temporally. To investigate seasonal differences of the aerosol toxicity effects including cell viability and membrane damage, cell oxidative stress and responses of inflammatory cytokines, the human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to PM2.5 samples collected in both summer and winter by the in vitro toxicity bioassays. Toxicological results showed that, the PM2.5 led to the cell viability decrease, cell membrane injury, oxidative stress level increase and inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner. Temporally, the cytotoxicity of winter PM2.5 was higher than summer of this studied industrial area of Nanjing, China. According to the different contents of heavy metals accumulated in PM2.5, the transition metals such as Cu might be an important contributor to the aerosol cell toxicity.
Yan Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Zhen Zhao; Qi Chen; Di Wu; Xue Sun; Lichun Wu; Ling Jin. Summer–winter differences of PM2.5 toxicity to human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and the roles of transition metals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 165, 505 -509.
AMA StyleYan Chen, Xiao-San Luo, Zhen Zhao, Qi Chen, Di Wu, Xue Sun, Lichun Wu, Ling Jin. Summer–winter differences of PM2.5 toxicity to human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and the roles of transition metals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 165 ():505-509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Chen; Xiao-San Luo; Zhen Zhao; Qi Chen; Di Wu; Xue Sun; Lichun Wu; Ling Jin. 2018. "Summer–winter differences of PM2.5 toxicity to human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and the roles of transition metals." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 165, no. : 505-509.
Xiao-San Luo; Peng Wang. Environmental Biogeochemistry of Elements and Emerging Contaminants. Journal of Chemistry 2018, 2018, 1 -2.
AMA StyleXiao-San Luo, Peng Wang. Environmental Biogeochemistry of Elements and Emerging Contaminants. Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 2018 ():1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao-San Luo; Peng Wang. 2018. "Environmental Biogeochemistry of Elements and Emerging Contaminants." Journal of Chemistry 2018, no. : 1-2.
In this experiment, the responses of plant growth, gas exchange parameters, and ion concentration to different levels of irrigation water salinity (ECiw of 0.9, 1.6, 2.7, 4.7 and 7.0 dS·m−1) and leaching fractions (LFs of 0.17, 0.29) were investigated in hot pepper plants. The pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design with four replications in a rain shelter. Results showed that the height of the hot pepper plants decreased as the ECiw was increased from 25 d after transplanting (DAT) and increased when the LF was increased from 55 DAT. Neither the ECiw nor the LF influenced the root length. An increase in the ECiw caused the suppression of the stem diameter (SD); leaf length; leaf area; leaf chlorophyll content (CCI); dry biomass of roots, stems, and leaves; net photosynthesis (Pn); stomatal conductance (gS); transpiration rate (Tr); and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). An increase in the LF caused the SD, leaf length, leaf area, and dry biomass of stems and leaves to increase. However, the dry biomass of roots and the Pn, gS, Tr, and Ci were not significantly affected by the LF, except for the Ci measured on 23 DAT and the Tr on 76 DAT. The Na+ concentrations in the roots and stems increased, whereas the K+/Na+ ratios decreased as the ECiw increased. An increase in the LF led to a decrease in the Na+ concentration of the roots and stems, whereas there was an increase in the K+ concentration in the stems and the K+/Na+ ratios in the roots and stems. Collectively, an increase in the ECiw had an adverse effect on plant growth and gas exchange and led to the accumulation of the Na+ concentration in the roots and stems, whereas an increase in the LF enhanced plant growth, leaf transpiration, and K+ concentration and reduced the accumulation of the Na+ concentration in the roots and stems. We suggest that higher quantity of water should be applied in higher saline irrigation for satisfactory performance for hot pepper growth.
Rangjian Qiu; Zaiqiang Yang; Yuanshu Jing; Chunwei Liu; Xiao-San Luo; Zhenchang Wang. Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on the Growth, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Ion Concentration of Hot Pepper Plants Modified by Leaching Fractions. HortScience 2018, 53, 1050 -1055.
AMA StyleRangjian Qiu, Zaiqiang Yang, Yuanshu Jing, Chunwei Liu, Xiao-San Luo, Zhenchang Wang. Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on the Growth, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Ion Concentration of Hot Pepper Plants Modified by Leaching Fractions. HortScience. 2018; 53 (7):1050-1055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRangjian Qiu; Zaiqiang Yang; Yuanshu Jing; Chunwei Liu; Xiao-San Luo; Zhenchang Wang. 2018. "Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on the Growth, Gas Exchange Parameters, and Ion Concentration of Hot Pepper Plants Modified by Leaching Fractions." HortScience 53, no. 7: 1050-1055.
Alum [KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O] is often added to chicken manure to limit P solubility after land application. This is generally ascribed to the formation of Al-PO4 complexes. However, Al-PO4 complex formation could be affected by the matrix of chicken manure, which varies with animal diet. Alum was added to KH2PO4 (as a reference material) and two manures from typical chicken farms in China, one from an intensive farm (CMIF) and another from free-ranging chickens (CMFR). These were subsequently incubated with soils for 100 d to investigate P transformations. Alum reduced water-soluble colorimetrically reactive phosphorus (RP) from soils amended with manure more effectively than in soils amended with KH2PO4. Alum addition lowered Mehlich-3 RP in soils with CMFR but had no influence on Mehlich-3 RP in CMIF- or KH2PO4–amended soils. A comparison of P in digested Mehlich-3 extracts with RP in undigested samples showed significantly increased P in digests of alum-treated CMFR only. Fractionation data indicated that alum treatment increased P in the NH4F-RP (Al-P) fraction only in soils with KH2PO4, but not in soils with manure treatments. Furthermore, NaOH-extracted nonreactive P was markedly higher in soil with alum-treated CMFR relative to normal CMFR. The CMFR manure was assumed to contain higher concentrations of organic P because these chickens were fed grains only. These results suggest that the formation of alum-organic P complexes may reduce P solubility. By comparing alum-treated KH2PO4 and manures, it appears that organic matter in manure could interfere with the formation of Al-PO4 complexes. Copyright © 2018. . Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and AgriFood Canada.
Lidong Huang; Junming Yang; Yuting Xu; Jiayan Lei; Xiaoshan Luo; Barbara J. Cade-Menun. The Contrasting Effects of Alum-Treated Chicken Manures and KH2 PO4 on Phosphorus Behavior in Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 2018, 47, 345 -352.
AMA StyleLidong Huang, Junming Yang, Yuting Xu, Jiayan Lei, Xiaoshan Luo, Barbara J. Cade-Menun. The Contrasting Effects of Alum-Treated Chicken Manures and KH2 PO4 on Phosphorus Behavior in Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2018; 47 (2):345-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLidong Huang; Junming Yang; Yuting Xu; Jiayan Lei; Xiaoshan Luo; Barbara J. Cade-Menun. 2018. "The Contrasting Effects of Alum-Treated Chicken Manures and KH2 PO4 on Phosphorus Behavior in Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 47, no. 2: 345-352.
Anthropogenic metals adsorbed on suspended fine particles can be deposited on remote and inaccessible high mountains by long-range atmospheric transport. In this study, we investigated the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soils, mosses and rainfall of three transects on the Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau, to understand the mountain interception effects on their atmospheric transport. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soils and mosses displayed a pattern of eastern transect > northern transect > western transect. The distribution of Cd and Pb on the eastern transect increased from 2000 to 2900 m a.s.l. (above sea level), decreased toward the timberline, and increased again with altitude; on the northern transect, it generally decreased with altitude whereas a distribution trend was not clearly observed on the western transect. The Cd and Pb concentrations in the rainfall of the eastern transect generally decreased with altitude, and they were higher inside forests than outside forests and temporally higher in the winter than the summer. The Pb isotopic ratios coupled with moss bio-monitoring distinguished anthropogenic sources of Cd and Pb on the eastern and northern transects, whereas bedrock weathering was the main source of Cd and Pb on the western transect. We proposed a conceptual model to delineate the effects of terrain, local climate and vegetation on the transport of atmospheric metals. Our results highlighted the high mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau as an effective natural barrier limiting atmospheric metal transport.
Haijian Bing; Jun Zhou; Yanhong Wu; Xiao-San Luo; Zhongxiang Xiang; Hongyang Sun; Jipeng Wang; He Zhu. Barrier effects of remote high mountain on atmospheric metal transport in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 628-629, 687 -696.
AMA StyleHaijian Bing, Jun Zhou, Yanhong Wu, Xiao-San Luo, Zhongxiang Xiang, Hongyang Sun, Jipeng Wang, He Zhu. Barrier effects of remote high mountain on atmospheric metal transport in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 628-629 ():687-696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijian Bing; Jun Zhou; Yanhong Wu; Xiao-San Luo; Zhongxiang Xiang; Hongyang Sun; Jipeng Wang; He Zhu. 2018. "Barrier effects of remote high mountain on atmospheric metal transport in the eastern Tibetan Plateau." Science of The Total Environment 628-629, no. : 687-696.
The atmosphere represents an unappreciated compartment for the environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly via airborne fine particles (PM2.5), with strong implications for the inhalational exposure of the general population. We examined the seasonal variations in airborne bacteria and several ARGs in PM2.5 across an industrial–urban–rural transect in a megacity of China over an annual cycle. Seasonality was most apparent at the rural site with a remarkable wintertime reduction in the total level of bacteria and an enrichment of certain ARGs in winter but dilution in spring. This contrasted with the relative consistency across seasons at urban and industrial sites. The statistical correlation between ARGs and the mobile genetic element (MGE), intI1, weakened from rural to urban and industrial sites, which hints at the diluting role of intI1 in horizontal gene transfers across the land use gradient. Differing mechanisms may regulate site-specific population exposure to transferable ARGs, and the identification of additional MGEs is warranted. Compared to drinking water and the accidental ingestion of agricultural soil, airborne PM2.5 contributes to a similar extent to the human daily intake of certain ARGs and intI1. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of PM2.5 in the dissemination of, and pathways of human exposure to, common environmental ARGs.
Jiawen Xie; Ling Jin; Xiaosan Luo; Zhen Zhao; Xiangdong Li. Seasonal Disparities in Airborne Bacteria and Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in PM2.5 between Urban and Rural Sites. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2018, 5, 74 -79.
AMA StyleJiawen Xie, Ling Jin, Xiaosan Luo, Zhen Zhao, Xiangdong Li. Seasonal Disparities in Airborne Bacteria and Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in PM2.5 between Urban and Rural Sites. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2018; 5 (2):74-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiawen Xie; Ling Jin; Xiaosan Luo; Zhen Zhao; Xiangdong Li. 2018. "Seasonal Disparities in Airborne Bacteria and Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in PM2.5 between Urban and Rural Sites." Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5, no. 2: 74-79.