This work aimed to identify and quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a Brazilian steel industry. It identifies and quantifies the emissions for a further study of an effective action plan by the organization. As a result, it was found that Scope 1 emissions (direct emissions from the company) were the largest emissions from the industry, representing more than 89% of total emissions. The Stationary Combustion category presented the highest emission values mainly due to the use of natural gas and charcoal. Biogenic CO₂ emissions have shown the importance of organizations adhering to biomass use as a raw material in their processes, thereby reducing their GHG emissions to the atmosphere. Scope 2 emissions (indirect emissions, comprising the energy category) represented 10.87% of total emissions, the configuration of the Brazilian energy matrix contributes to this scenario. In order to achieve a differential control that would provide an indicator for the organization, it was necessary to adapt the tool for a monthly report. The studied company was interested in carrying out a more detailed monitoring, in a shorter time reporting of its emissions. Thus, after the results referring to the quantification of GHG emissions for the annual report, the results referring to the adaptation carried out in the GHG Protocol tool, version 2018.1.4 were also presented in this work.

Biodiesel has been presented worldwide as a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuels. In 2018, the main raw materials in this Brazilian sector was soybean (70.52%) and beef tallow (13.4%). The Brazilian mandatory biodiesel-diesel blend is currently 10% (B10), but B20 is estimated for 2030. Additionally, the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) intends to promote the diversification of raw materials in the energy matrix, where the beef tallow - a residue of the beef production - has been increasing importance. Brazil presents as the global largest commercial beef producer and exporter. Then, the use of beef tallow would allow the expansion of biodiesel production without fuel x food competition and provide a nobler use than disposal for it. In this sense, this article analyzes, through a review, the potential of beef tallow for biodiesel production in Brazil. This raw material has price, quantity and quality for generating a biodiesel in the specifications required by regulatory agencies. Therefore, beef tallow is a potential raw material for the expansion of the biodiesel sector in Brazil and this experience can be useful for other countries.

Sustainability indicators for evaluation of municipal urban water management system: the case of Volta Redonda – RJ/Brazil