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Blended learning incorporates online learning experiences and helps students for meaningful learning through flexible online information and communication technologies, reduced overcrowded classroom presence, and planned teaching and learning experience. This study has conducted surveys of various tools, techniques, frameworks, and models useful for blended learning. This article has prepared a comprehensive survey of student, teacher, and management experiences in blended learning courses during COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 times. The survey will be useful to faculty members, students, and management to adopt new tools and mindsets for positive outcomes. This work reports on implementing and assessing blended learning at two different universities (University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India, and Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India). The assessments prepare the benefits and challenges of learning (by students) and teaching (by faculty) blended learning courses with different online learning tools. Additionally, student performance in the traditional and blended learning courses was compared to list the concerns about effectively shifting the face-to-face courses to a blended learning model in emergencies like COVID-19. As a result, it has been observed that blended learning is helpful for school, university, and professional training. A large set of online and e-learning platforms are developed in recent times that can be used in blended learning to improve the learner’s abilities. The use of similar tools (Blackboard, CodeTantra, and g suite) has fulfilled the requirements of the two universities, and timely conducted and completed all academic activities during pandemic times.
Adarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Surabhi Bhatia; Keshav Kaushik; Neelu Jyothi Ahuja; Anand Nayyar; Mehedi Masud. Blended Learning Tools and Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 85151 -85197.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Surabhi Bhatia, Keshav Kaushik, Neelu Jyothi Ahuja, Anand Nayyar, Mehedi Masud. Blended Learning Tools and Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):85151-85197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Surabhi Bhatia; Keshav Kaushik; Neelu Jyothi Ahuja; Anand Nayyar; Mehedi Masud. 2021. "Blended Learning Tools and Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 85151-85197.
Blockchain, a distributed ledger, is helpful in maintain data for immutable records. It is helpful for both data recording and updation. In this work, we have used blockchain technology to implement an electronic voting system. E‐voting can change the way of voting that we did for decades. It can help Indian citizens to use their power of vote effectively and efficiently to create the government of India, now there is no reason for standing in such a large row, and waiting for your turn in the voting booth you can now vote from anywhere. Through this system, the Indian Government can organize the whole election over the digital platform. All the Election organized by the Election Commission of India would be created on the digital platform through DApp and Candidates can also file their nomination for any election they want then further Organizers have the right to approve or reject the request. The main feature of this system is that voters can cast their vote from anywhere in the world as this voting process goes digital and online the Voter from outside the country can also vote from wherever they are, it can tremendously increase the total voting percentages. As this E‐voting is powered by Blockchain technology, so it is completely secure and authorizes the system and the most important features are that this system is Portable, Transparent, Reliable, Easy to Use, Trustable and Fast. This system is an initiative in the way of making Election system more secure and hassle free and transparent for everyone.
Mukta Goyal; Adarsh Kumar. Sustainable E‐Infrastructure for Blockchain‐Based Voting System. Digital Cities Roadmap 2021, 221 -251.
AMA StyleMukta Goyal, Adarsh Kumar. Sustainable E‐Infrastructure for Blockchain‐Based Voting System. Digital Cities Roadmap. 2021; ():221-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMukta Goyal; Adarsh Kumar. 2021. "Sustainable E‐Infrastructure for Blockchain‐Based Voting System." Digital Cities Roadmap , no. : 221-251.
With the daily rapid growth in the number of newly confirmed and suspected Coronavirus cases, Coronavirus extremely threatens public health, countries’ economic, social life, and international relations around the world. In the fight against Coronavirus, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones can play a significant role in many aspects to limit the spread of this pandemic. Also, the strategic planning of many governments such as in China for controlling this crisis is supported by the use of drones for the Coronavirus outbreak. This chapter explores the possibilities and opportunities of UAV, also called drones in fighting Coronavirus. Drones are introduced, showing their main findings to make it easy for researchers to investigate new techniques that will help the healthcare sector worker and reduce the spread of Coronavirus pandemic. The chapter also presents some problems and challenges that can help healthcare sectors and curbing the Coronavirus spread.
Adarsh Kumar; Mohamed Elsersy; Ashraf Darwsih; Aboul Ella Hassanien. Drones Combat COVID-19 Epidemic: Innovating and Monitoring Approach. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 2021, 175 -188.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Mohamed Elsersy, Ashraf Darwsih, Aboul Ella Hassanien. Drones Combat COVID-19 Epidemic: Innovating and Monitoring Approach. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems. 2021; ():175-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Mohamed Elsersy; Ashraf Darwsih; Aboul Ella Hassanien. 2021. "Drones Combat COVID-19 Epidemic: Innovating and Monitoring Approach." Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems , no. : 175-188.
COVID-19 disease pandemic is affecting the lives of millions of people in one or another manner. To handle the COVID-19 pandemic situation, technological aspects play a vital role in parallel to medical and healthcare facilities. With the use of existing infrastructure, technologies such as artificial intelligence, neural network, blockchain technology, cloud computing, drone-based monitoring, etc. have given the important observations and awareness to many. It is observed that with the combined efforts of technology and healthcare system, recognition of the outbreak is much faster compared to earlier infections. However, many are working continuously to collect and analyze the available COVID-19-related data and introspect the future. The whole of this work is performed to maximize the use of technology and reduce the risk of a continuous outbreak. This work has discussed the recent work done over the use of technologies in handling the COVID-19 scenario. Here, a comparative analysis of various parameters in each technological aspect is discussed to have an understanding of the preferred approaches in different places. Further, brief surveys are conducted in each technological aspect for a better understanding of technological advantage in handling pandemic.
Adarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma. Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic: Social, Global, and Industry Perspectives. Econometrics for Financial Applications 2021, 73 -96.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Kriti Sharma. Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic: Social, Global, and Industry Perspectives. Econometrics for Financial Applications. 2021; ():73-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma. 2021. "Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic: Social, Global, and Industry Perspectives." Econometrics for Financial Applications , no. : 73-96.
In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected billions of people worldwide and has resulted in the slowing down of the economy, industry shutdown, job losses, etc. Every country has taken appropriate measures to fight against pandemic by keeping in mind that health is the primary concern for human beings. This work introduces the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses its types, influence over mankind, prevention methods, and latest observations. Further, this study has designed drone-based case studies for pandemic monitoring, social distance measurements, the necessity of the control room, etc. The simulation is designed to have a single-layer drone movement strategy with a fixed distance. The simulation experimentation is derived from real-time drone movement and area coverage for sanitization. The drone movement and collision avoidance strategy are pre-emptive in nature, i.e., drones are derived to move to a fixed location and execute its functionality. At the ground level, service is designed for which people make queues and maintain social distance before being served. This case study shows its successful execution and can be mapped to a real-time environment. Further, a case study is extended to observe the real-time ambulance monitoring for patient pickup and drop at the hospital. Results show its successful working and continuous operation.
Adarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; P. Srikanth; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar. Drone-Based Social Distancing, Sanitization, Inspection, Monitoring, and Control Room for COVID-19. Econometrics for Financial Applications 2021, 153 -173.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Kriti Sharma, Harvinder Singh, P. Srikanth, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Anand Nayyar. Drone-Based Social Distancing, Sanitization, Inspection, Monitoring, and Control Room for COVID-19. Econometrics for Financial Applications. 2021; ():153-173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; P. Srikanth; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar. 2021. "Drone-Based Social Distancing, Sanitization, Inspection, Monitoring, and Control Room for COVID-19." Econometrics for Financial Applications , no. : 153-173.
Drones are discussed since the early 1990s. Nowadays, there is a wide range of applications. State of the artwork states mobility, positioning, propagation models, pattern movements, data collection, federated learning etc. features in the present scenario. This work presents case studies for the traffic monitoring prototype. In traffic monitoring, different traffic engineering equipment will be explored that can be integrated with drones through the Internet of Things (IoTs). Drones will be enabled through multiple means for traffic monitoring. Here, drones can collect data from sensors placed alongside the roads or they can use a video/image-based system. Opportunities for both types of systems will be explored in detail. This work also explores the possibilities to measure on-road vehicles’ features, movement properties, building their profiles, constructing databases, analyzing, and visualization systems. The vehicle’s feature identification starts from identifying the number plates, reading system, and sharing the collected information to the centralized database through drones. The possibilities of parallel processing in drone-based infrastructure are explored to shred the load over drones and efficient use of cloud infrastructure for experimental results that show significant accuracy, reliability, and performances. Further, the possibilities of integrating security primitives and protocols are explored. These primitives and protocols can be identified based on drones’ resources. Lightweight primitives and protocols will be explored that reduces the hardware cost and give an efficient performance with high-security standards. The primitives and protocols take care of security properties like confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, and non-repudiation. Additionally, security measures with all primitives will be taken care of at data storage, processing, and propagation points. To control the complete infrastructure, a control room strategy can be designed. This strategy narrates the man-power requirements, operation, and duties.
Adarsh Kumar; Saurabh Jain. Drone-Based Monitoring and Redirecting System. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 2021, 163 -183.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Saurabh Jain. Drone-Based Monitoring and Redirecting System. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems. 2021; ():163-183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Saurabh Jain. 2021. "Drone-Based Monitoring and Redirecting System." Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems , no. : 163-183.
Drone-based dynamic model and control techniques vary from classical linear proportional integral derivative (CPID) to complex nonlinear multiconstrained and multi-objective schemes such as backstepping, sliding window mode, size-based models, and operation-based models, among others. These approaches can be classified as per their usage. Thus, some will be efficient for indoor operations, and others will be useful for outdoor operations. The performance of both types of drone-based smart healthcare systems can be measured in terms of stabilizing the attitude for both indoor and outdoor operations as per requirements. Further, gain-based drone scheduling is commonly used in flight controllers. In COVID-19 pandemic situations, the gains can be measured using an alternative way. Here, different parameters like medication advantage to COVID-19 pandemic areas, identifying the COVID-19 hotspots, sanitizing requirements and potentials, finding the COVID-19 chain, etc., could be considered in gain measurement for the deployment of drone-based COVID-19’s smart healthcare. This work proposes a multi-constraint and multi-objective gain-based simulation-optimization approach for scheduling the linear and nonlinear dynamic and controllable drone movement models. The proposed model considered the identity-based lower and upper limits of control interface. Further, this interface is having the provision to include some human factors in its execution. The performance of the overall system is measured using performance and security metrics. In performance, drone-based smart healthcare systems’ efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness are measured. The measurements are analyzed by varying optimization parameters. In the security, lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are analyzed for performance measurements. These lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols ensure secure data storage, transmission, and processing at any device. Further, the scope of centralized and distributed systems of drone cooperations for COVID-19 monitoring, sanitization, cleaning, and control room will be explored to have time-saving and autonomous drone-based smart healthcare systems.
Kriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Adarsh Kumar; Anand Nayyar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi. Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Drone Delivery of Medications and Other Healthcare Items in COVID-19 Hotspots. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 2021, 324, 1 -34.
AMA StyleKriti Sharma, Harvinder Singh, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Adarsh Kumar, Anand Nayyar, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi. Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Drone Delivery of Medications and Other Healthcare Items in COVID-19 Hotspots. Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems. 2021; 324 ():1-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Adarsh Kumar; Anand Nayyar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi. 2021. "Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Drone Delivery of Medications and Other Healthcare Items in COVID-19 Hotspots." Developments in Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems 324, no. : 1-34.
In present road traffic system, drone-network based traffic monitoring using the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is a promising solution. However, camera-based traffic monitoring does not collect complete data, cover all areas, provide quick medical services, or take vehicle follow-ups in case of an incident. Drone-based system helps to derive important information (such as commuter's behavior, traffic patterns, vehicle follow-ups) and sends this information to centralized or distributed authorities for making traffic diversions or necessary decisions as per laws. The present approaches fail to meet the requirements such as (i) collision free, (ii) drone navigation, and (iii) less computational and communicational overheads. This work has considered the collision-free drone-based movement strategies for road traffic monitoring using Software Defined Networking (SDN). The SDN controllable drone network results in lesser overhead over drones and provide efficient drone-device management. In simulation, two case studies are simulated using JaamSim simulator. Results show that the zones-based strategy covers a large area in few hours and consume 5 kWs to 25 kWs energy for 150 drones (Case study 1). Zone-less based strategies (case study-2) show that the energy consumption lies between 5 kWs to 18 kWs for 150 drones. Further, the use of SDN-based drones controller reduces the overhead over drone-network and increases the area coverage with a minimum of 1.2% and maximum of 2.6%. Simulation (using AnyLogic simulator) shows the 3D view of successful implementation of collision free strategies.
Adarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar; Ashish Kr. Luhach; Mohammad S. Khan; Anuraj Singh. A novel Software-Defined Drone Network (SDDN)-based collision avoidance strategies for on-road traffic monitoring and management. Vehicular Communications 2020, 28, 100313 .
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Anand Nayyar, Ashish Kr. Luhach, Mohammad S. Khan, Anuraj Singh. A novel Software-Defined Drone Network (SDDN)-based collision avoidance strategies for on-road traffic monitoring and management. Vehicular Communications. 2020; 28 ():100313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar; Ashish Kr. Luhach; Mohammad S. Khan; Anuraj Singh. 2020. "A novel Software-Defined Drone Network (SDDN)-based collision avoidance strategies for on-road traffic monitoring and management." Vehicular Communications 28, no. : 100313.
In the recent era of the Internet of Things, the dominant role of sensors and the Internet provides a solution to a wide variety of real-life problems. Such applications include smart city, smart healthcare systems, smart building, smart transport and smart environment. However, the real-time IoT sensor data include several challenges, such as a deluge of unclean sensor data and a high resource-consumption cost. As such, this paper addresses how to process IoT sensor data, fusion with other data sources, and analyses to produce knowledgeable insight into hidden data patterns for rapid decision-making. This paper addresses the data processing techniques such as data denoising, data outlier detection, missing data imputation and data aggregation. Further, it elaborates on the necessity of data fusion and various data fusion methods such as direct fusion, associated feature extraction, and identity declaration data fusion. This paper also aims to address data analysis integration with emerging technologies, such as cloud computing, fog computing and edge computing, towards various challenges in IoT sensor network and sensor data analysis. In summary, this paper is the first of its kind to present a complete overview of IoT sensor data processing, fusion and analysis techniques.
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Adarsh Kumar; Dhanalekshmi Gopinathan; Anand Nayyar; Basit Qureshi. An Overview of IoT Sensor Data Processing, Fusion, and Analysis Techniques. Sensors 2020, 20, 6076 .
AMA StyleRajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Adarsh Kumar, Dhanalekshmi Gopinathan, Anand Nayyar, Basit Qureshi. An Overview of IoT Sensor Data Processing, Fusion, and Analysis Techniques. Sensors. 2020; 20 (21):6076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Adarsh Kumar; Dhanalekshmi Gopinathan; Anand Nayyar; Basit Qureshi. 2020. "An Overview of IoT Sensor Data Processing, Fusion, and Analysis Techniques." Sensors 20, no. 21: 6076.
In India, traditional learning approaches in universities follow passive learning and instruction‐based studies. The demand for evidence‐based instructional and interactive active learning processes increases with the advancement in technology. To improve the quality of teaching and student performance, Laureate International University network has taken a unique initiative by applying an iterative and evidence‐based active learning process in small groups at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun for the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice program. In this study, active learning processes with digital devices (mobile devices) and digital technologies (modeling tools, simulation, and online resources), having virtual small‐to‐medium strength classrooms are integrated into various scenarios with different levels of education. This has been found to be useful in improving student performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proposed process applies both traditional and active learning processes with the provision to use mobile devices for digital content. This process also involves teachers attending a Bootcamp, over a 2‐month period, consisting of four modules in which they learn about and use digital content that will then be applied in their courses. Results show that the active learning process is of great benefit to students over traditional learning, and it provides a 30% improvement in student's grades. Further, it is observed that long‐term learning average marks increase by 66.9% in two engineering subjects. The simulation‐based experimentations are conducted to engage students and faculty members in active learning and simulation learning processes. It shows that the proposed approach (active learning) improves students' learning abilities as compared to the traditional approach.
Ravi Singhal; Adarsh Kumar; Harvinder Singh; Stephanie Fuller; Sukhpal S. Gill. Digital device‐based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleRavi Singhal, Adarsh Kumar, Harvinder Singh, Stephanie Fuller, Sukhpal S. Gill. Digital device‐based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Computer Applications in Engineering Education. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRavi Singhal; Adarsh Kumar; Harvinder Singh; Stephanie Fuller; Sukhpal S. Gill. 2020. "Digital device‐based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID‐19 pandemic." Computer Applications in Engineering Education , no. : 1.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It is similar to influenza viruses and raises concerns through alarming levels of spread and severity resulting in an ongoing pandemic worldwide. Within eight months (by August 2020), it infected 24.0 million persons worldwide and over 824 thousand have died. Drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are very helpful in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. This work investigates the drone-based systems, COVID-19 pandemic situations, and proposes an architecture for handling pandemic situations in different scenarios using real-time and simulation-based scenarios. The proposed architecture uses wearable sensors to record the observations in Body Area Networks (BANs) in a push–pull data fetching mechanism. The proposed architecture is found to be useful in remote and highly congested pandemic areas where either the wireless or Internet connectivity is a major issue or chances of COVID-19 spreading are high. It collects and stores the substantial amount of data in a stipulated period and helps to take appropriate action as and when required. In real-time drone-based healthcare system implementation for COVID-19 operations, it is observed that a large area can be covered for sanitization, thermal image collection, and patient identification within a short period (2 KMs within 10 min approx.) through aerial route. In the simulation, the same statistics are observed with an addition of collision-resistant strategies working successfully for indoor and outdoor healthcare operations. Further, open challenges are identified and promising research directions are highlighted.
Adarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; Sagar Gupta Naugriya; Sukhpal Singh Gill; Rajkumar Buyya. A drone-based networked system and methods for combating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Future Generation Computer Systems 2020, 115, 1 -19.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Kriti Sharma, Harvinder Singh, Sagar Gupta Naugriya, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Rajkumar Buyya. A drone-based networked system and methods for combating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2020; 115 ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Kriti Sharma; Harvinder Singh; Sagar Gupta Naugriya; Sukhpal Singh Gill; Rajkumar Buyya. 2020. "A drone-based networked system and methods for combating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic." Future Generation Computer Systems 115, no. : 1-19.
Advancement in blockchain technologies during the past decade has attracted tremendous interests from academia, research community and the industry. A blockchain network is a peer-to-peer, decentralized and immutable distributed ledger system for transactional records. With an increase in the number of blockchain-based applications, it becomes a powerful technology for decentralized data processing and consensus mechanisms based blockchain networks. In this work, a single- and multiplayer bit challenging and incentivized consensus mechanisms for blockchain networks are used in proposing a “proof-of-game (PoG)” protocol for resource variant blockchain networks. Bit verifier PoG is designed to be memory dependent and CPU independent mechanism for time efficiency and resource independence. In results, it is observed that the number of blocks mined using this protocol is proportional to the number of participants associated with blocks. Further, it is observed that the priority of a blockchain increases exponentially with an increase in the number of blocks mined, and the number of blocks mined decreases exponentially with an increase in computational challenge.
Adarsh Kumar; Saurabh Jain. Proof of Game (PoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Consensus Algorithm for Healthcare Application. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 23 -36.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Saurabh Jain. Proof of Game (PoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Consensus Algorithm for Healthcare Application. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():23-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Saurabh Jain. 2020. "Proof of Game (PoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Consensus Algorithm for Healthcare Application." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 23-36.
MANET is a useful network for providing various services and applications. Among those services and applications, sharing is important. The sharing of resources is possible when the availability of resources is ensured. In this work, the multi-dimensional multi-layered solution is proposed for ensuring the availability of network resources. The multi-dimensional approach provides criteria for collecting and analyzing data from different security dimensions. A multi-layered outlier detection algorithm using hierarchical data interconnection is proposed in this work. In the analysis, it is observed that internal indices like DBI and RSI give confirmation of clusters stability with the proposed approach. A minimum of 4.1% and a maximum of 11.3% stability is observed with variation in a number of nodes. Similarly, external indices like F-measure and NMI indicate stability in comparison to external clusters. A minimum of 2% and a maximum of 13.5% stability is observed.
Adarsh Kumar; P. Srikanth. A Decision-Based Multi-layered Outlier Detection System for Resource Constraint MANET. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 595 -610.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, P. Srikanth. A Decision-Based Multi-layered Outlier Detection System for Resource Constraint MANET. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():595-610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; P. Srikanth. 2020. "A Decision-Based Multi-layered Outlier Detection System for Resource Constraint MANET." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 595-610.
Blockchain technology is found to have its applicability in almost every domain because of its advantages such as crypto-security, transparency, immutability, decentralized data network. In present times, a smart healthcare system with a blockchain data network and healthcare 4.0 processes provides transparency, easy and faster accessibility, security, efficiency, etc. Healthcare 4.0 trends include industry 4.0 processes such as the internet of things (IoT), industrial IoT (IIoT), cognitive computing, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, etc. The goal of this work is to design a smart healthcare system and it is found to be possible through integration and interoperability of Blockchain 3.0 and Healthcare 4.0 in consideration with healthcare ground-realities. Here, healthcare 4.0 processes used for data accessibility are targeted to be validated through statistical simulation-optimization methods and algorithms. The blockchain is implemented in the Ethereum network, and with associated programming languages, tools, and techniques such as solidity, web3.js, Athena, etc. Further, this work prepares a comparative and comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art blockchain-based smart healthcare systems. The comprehensive survey includes methodology, applications, requirements, outcomes, future directions, etc. A list of groups, organizations, and enterprises are prepared that are working in electronic health records (EHR), electronic medical records (EMR) or electronic personal records (EPR) mainly, and a comparative analysis is drawn concerning adopting the blockchain technology in their processes. This work has explored optimization algorithms applicable to Healthcare 4.0 trends and improves the performance of blockchain-based decentralized applications for the smart healthcare system. Further, smart contracts and their designs are prepared for the proposed system to expedite the trust-building and payment systems. This work has considered simulation and implementation to validate the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the Gas value required (indicating block size and expenditure) lies within current Etherum network Gas limits. The proposed system is active because block utilization lies above 80%. Automated smart contract execution is below 20 seconds. A good number (average 3 per simulation time) is generated in the network that indicates a health competition. Although there is error observed in simulation and implementation that lies between 0.55% and 4.24%, these errors are not affecting overall system performance because simulated and actual (taken in state-of-the-art) data variations are negligible.
Adarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar; Kriti Sharma; Vinay Grover; Eklas Hossain. A Novel Smart Healthcare Design, Simulation, and Implementation Using Healthcare 4.0 Processes. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 118433 -118471.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Anand Nayyar, Kriti Sharma, Vinay Grover, Eklas Hossain. A Novel Smart Healthcare Design, Simulation, and Implementation Using Healthcare 4.0 Processes. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():118433-118471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Anand Nayyar; Kriti Sharma; Vinay Grover; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "A Novel Smart Healthcare Design, Simulation, and Implementation Using Healthcare 4.0 Processes." IEEE Access 8, no. : 118433-118471.
In healthcare, interoperability is widely adopted in the case of cross-departmental or specialization cases. As the human body demands multiple specialized and cross-disciplined medical experiments, interoperability of business entities like different departments, different specializations, the involvement of legal and government monitoring issues etc. are not sufficient to reduce the active medical cases. A patient-centric system with high capability to collect, retrieve, store or exchange data is the demand for present and future times. Such data-centric health processes would bring automated patient medication, or patient self-driven trusted and high satisfaction capabilities. However, data-centric processes are having a huge set of challenges such as security, technology, governance, adoption, deployment, integration etc. This work has explored the feasibility to integrate resource-constrained devices-based wearable kidney systems in the Industry 4.0 network and facilitates data collection, liquidity, storage, retrieval and exchange systems. Thereafter, a Healthcare 4.0 processes-based wearable kidney system is proposed that is having the blockchain technology advantages. Further, game theory-based consensus algorithms are proposed for resource-constrained devices in the kidney system. The overall system design would bring an example for the transition from the specialization or departmental-centric approach to data and patient-centric approach that would bring more transparency, trust and healthy practices in the healthcare sector. Results show a variation of 0.10 million GH/s to 0.18 million GH/s hash rate for the proposed approach. The chances of a majority attack in the proposed scheme are statistically proved to be minimum. Further Average Packet Delivery Rate (ADPR) lies between 95% to 97%, approximately, without the presence of outliers. In the presence of outliers, network performance decreases below 80% APDR (to a minimum of 41.3%) and this indicates that there are outliers present in the network. Simulation results show that the Average Throughput (AT) value lies between 120 Kbps to 250 Kbps.
Adarsh Kumar; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Anand Nayyar; Saurabh Singh; ByungUn Yoon. Lightweight Proof of Game (LPoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for Wearable Kidneys. Sensors 2020, 20, 2868 .
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Anand Nayyar, Saurabh Singh, ByungUn Yoon. Lightweight Proof of Game (LPoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for Wearable Kidneys. Sensors. 2020; 20 (10):2868.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Anand Nayyar; Saurabh Singh; ByungUn Yoon. 2020. "Lightweight Proof of Game (LPoG): A Proof of Work (PoW)’s Extended Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for Wearable Kidneys." Sensors 20, no. 10: 2868.
Smart transportation network development with environmental issues into consideration has brought Industry 4.0 based solutions on priority. In this direction, battery-powered electric bus systems have been considered widely for ensuring flexibility, operation cost, and lesser pollutants emission. Industry 4.0 provides automation through a cyber-physical system (CPS), the interconnection of bus system entities with industrial internet-of-things (IIoT), remote information availability through cloud computing and scientific disciplines (human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, machine learning etc.) integration. In this work, a discrete event-based simulation-optimization approach is integrated that take care of bus energy consumption according to real-time city’s passenger needs and on-road friction levels. The proposed simulation optimization methodology utilizes multi-objective with dependent and independent variables for optimizing the overall system performance. In simulation optimization, objective functions are designed to tackle battery consumption, Internet-of-Thing (IoT) network performance, cloud operations efficiency and smart scientific discipline integration. Simulation parameters are based on a real-time bus system which is further analyzed, filtered and adapted as per the needs of the system. In another analysis, supercharger’s capacities are varied to evaluate the performance of the proposed system and identify the low cost and efficient smart transportation system. Simulation results show different scenarios for variations in the number of buses, charging stations, bus-depots, mobile charging facilities, and bus-schedules. Simulation results show that the average passenger’s waiting time in the waiting is (after ticket booking) varies between 0.2 minutes to 0.7 minutes in real-time traffic conditions. In similar traffic conditions, total passenger’s time in system (ticket booking to travel) varies between 41.6 minutes (for 24 hours) to 45.5 minutes (for 1 year). In the simulation, priorities are given to those dependent and independent variables which save the battery consumption and elongate the utilization of buses. Lastly, it is also observed that the proposed system is suitable for resource-constraint devices because Gate Equivalent (GE) calculation shows that the proposed system can be implemented between 1986 GEs (communicational cost without confidentiality and authentication) and 7939 GEs (computational cost with HMAC for authentication in data storage). This ensures varies security primitivs such as confidentiality, availability and authentication.
Adarsh Kumar; P. Srikanth; Anand Nayyar; Gaurav Sharma; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Mamoun Alazab. A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 89395 -89424.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, P. Srikanth, Anand Nayyar, Gaurav Sharma, Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi, Mamoun Alazab. A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):89395-89424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; P. Srikanth; Anand Nayyar; Gaurav Sharma; Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi; Mamoun Alazab. 2020. "A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 89395-89424.
A simulation‐based optimization is a decision‐making tool that helps in identifying an optimal solution or a design for a system. An optimal solution and design are more meaningful if they enhance a smart system with sensing, computing, and monitoring capabilities with improved efficiency. In situations where testing the physical prototype is difficult, a computer‐based simulation and its optimization processes are helpful in providing low‐cost, speedy and lesser time‐ and resource‐consuming solutions. In this work, a comparative analysis of the proposed heuristic simulation‐optimization method for improving quality‐of‐service (QoS) is performed with generalized integrated optimization (a simulation approach based on genetic algorithms with evolutionary simulated annealing strategies having simplex search). In the proposed approach, feature‐based local (group) and global (network) formation processes are integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions for finding the optimum performance. Further, the simulated annealing method is applied for finding local and global optimum values supporting minimum traffic conditions. A small‐scale network of 50 to 100 nodes shows that genetic simulation optimization with multicriteria and multidimensional features performs better as compared to other simulation‐optimization approaches. Further, a minimum of 3.4% and a maximum of 16.2% improvement is observed in faster route identification for small‐scale IoT networks with simulation‐optimization constraints integrated model as compared to the traditional method. The proposed approach improves the critical infrastructure monitoring performance as compared to the generalized simulation‐optimization process in complex transportation scenarios with heavy traffic conditions. The communicational and computational‐cost complexities are least for the proposed approach.
Adarsh Kumar; Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi; Saurabh Jain; Anand Nayyar; Mohamed Abouhawwash. A novel heuristic simulation-optimization method for critical infrastructure in smart transportation systems. International Journal of Communication Systems 2020, 33, e4397 .
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi, Saurabh Jain, Anand Nayyar, Mohamed Abouhawwash. A novel heuristic simulation-optimization method for critical infrastructure in smart transportation systems. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2020; 33 (11):e4397.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi; Saurabh Jain; Anand Nayyar; Mohamed Abouhawwash. 2020. "A novel heuristic simulation-optimization method for critical infrastructure in smart transportation systems." International Journal of Communication Systems 33, no. 11: e4397.
Authentication is among the initial steps of network formulation. Lightweight authentication processes are preferred for resource-constrained devices. These processes are efficient in terms of computational and communicational costs but inappropriate in providing required security rating. This work explores the feasibility of elliptic curve-based cryptography (ECC) for authentication processes. Three lightweight authentication protocols, which use ECC are identified and analysed for hierarchical network. These protocols are simulated and validated using lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols. In results, it is observed that out of three protocols protocol 1 performs better for 75 and 1000 nodes networks. In comparative analysis, a minimum of 14.1% and maximum of 24.7% throughput improvement is observed. Further, delay is reduced by 15.6% (minimum) and 31.3% (maximum) for protocol 1 as compared to protocol 2 and protocol 3.
Adarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal; Neelu Jyoti Ahuja; Ravi Singhal. Design and Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography-Based Multi-round Authentication Protocols for Resource-Constrained Devices. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2019, 707 -717.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Alok Aggarwal, Neelu Jyoti Ahuja, Ravi Singhal. Design and Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography-Based Multi-round Authentication Protocols for Resource-Constrained Devices. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2019; ():707-717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal; Neelu Jyoti Ahuja; Ravi Singhal. 2019. "Design and Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography-Based Multi-round Authentication Protocols for Resource-Constrained Devices." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 707-717.
In recent years, it is observed that various authentication schemes have been proposed for both resourceful and resource constraint devices. Most of these schemes are not suitable for practical applications because of known security weaknesses. In this work, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based authentication mechanisms are proposed for comparative analysis. Proposed authentication mechanisms are formally validated through simulation using automated lightweight cryptographic primitives for resource constrained devices. It is observed that proposed protocol 5 is giving best performance in terms of minimum jitter and processing delay, and maximum throughput for 75, 150 and 1000 nodes networks. A minimum of 4.3% (50 nodes network) and maximum of 61.9% (1000 nodes network) improvement is observed for protocol 5 as compared to other protocol.
Adarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal. Comparative Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Lightweight Authentication Protocols for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANETs. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2019, 934 -944.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Alok Aggarwal. Comparative Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Lightweight Authentication Protocols for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANETs. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2019; ():934-944.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal. 2019. "Comparative Analysis of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Based Lightweight Authentication Protocols for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANETs." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 934-944.
The proposed outlier detection scheme is multi-filtered, outlier stage outlier detection approach for resource constrained devices and networks. Multi-filtered consists of detection using trust, indices and performance based outliers whereas multi-stage detection detect outliers at MAC, routing and application layer. A novel trust management mechanism is proposed for trust based outlier detection followed by internal and external indices for second stage filtering and outlier detection. Thereafter, performance of individual and group nodes is measured for outlier detection and subsequent processing. Simulation results shows cluster stability with different number of clusters. Maximum stability for 0 to 500 nodes (small scale network) is observed with 25 clusters, 500 to 3000 nodes (medium scale network) is observed with 39 clusters and 3000 to 5000 nodes (large scale network) is observed with 52 clusters. The proposed approach shows cluster stability of 61% (approax.).
Adarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal. An Efficient Outlier Detection Mechanism for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANET. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2019, 853 -863.
AMA StyleAdarsh Kumar, Alok Aggarwal. An Efficient Outlier Detection Mechanism for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANET. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2019; ():853-863.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdarsh Kumar; Alok Aggarwal. 2019. "An Efficient Outlier Detection Mechanism for RFID-Sensor Integrated MANET." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 853-863.