The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is considered as serious global threat of this time and greatest challenge for recent days. Several approaches have been carried out in this direction to fight against COVID‐19. Among these, nanotechnology is one of the promising approach to face these challenges in the current situation. Recently, graphene‐based nanomaterials have been explored for COVID‐19 due to its unique physicochemical properties. This mini review provides a recent progress in graphene‐based nanomaterials and its applications for diagnosis, detection, decontamination, and protection against COVID‐19. Further, main challenges and perspective for fundamental design and development of technologies based on graphene‐based materials are discussed and suitable directions to improve these technologies are suggested. This article will provide timely knowledge and future direction about this wonder materials in various biological applications.

This study investigates the short-term and long-term correlations between total imports in Pakistan and a set of explanatory variables. We utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, and we estimated the import demand function for the period from 1980 to 2021. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test confirmed that none of the variables exhibited second-order integration, ensuring their suitability for the ARDL approach. Bounds testing indicated the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship among the included variables. Furthermore, diagnostic tests validated our model's statistical robustness, ensuring our findings' reliability. The long-term analysis shows significant relationships between imports and key economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), the inflation rate, and the import demand function. Furthermore, we found a slight positive impact on import demand from the import price index and foreign direct investment (FDI). These results emphasize the included relationships between various macroeconomic factors and import demand in Pakistan. Based on these findings, we recommend that the government implement policies aimed at boosting investment, stimulating economic growth, and controlling inflation. Specifically, policies that target enhancing foreign direct investment (FDI), maintaining stable inflation rates, and promoting economic growth will be crucial in strengthening the import demand function. These measures will not only support sustainable economic development but also optimize the import dynamics in Pakistan’s economy.