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In this paper we present a blockchain based system for the supply chain management of a particular Italian bread. Goal of the system is to guarantee a transparent and auditable traceability of the Carasau bread where each actor of the supply chain can verify the quality of the products and the conformity to the normative about the hygienic-sanitary conditions along the chain. To realize this system we relied on the Blockchain and the Internet of Thing technologies in order to provide a trustless environment, in which trust is placed in cryptography, in mathematical operations and on the network, and not in public or private companies. Thanks to the use of digital technologies the system aims to reduce the data entry errors and the risk of tampering. Our system is designed so that along the supply chain, the nodes equipped with several sensors directly communicate their data to Raspberry Pi units that elaborate and transmit them to Interplanetary File System and to the Ethereum Blockchain. Furthermore, we designed ad hoc Radio Frequency Identification and Near Field communication tags to shortly supply the proposed system with information about the products and batches. The dedicated RFID tags robustness during on-bread operation was numerically tested. The system will easily allow end consumers to have a transparent view on the whole journey from raw material to purchased final product and a supervisory authority to perform online inspections on the products’ quality and on the good working practices.
Luisanna Cocco; Katiuscia Mannaro; Roberto Tonelli; Lorena Mariani; Matteo B. Lodi; Andrea Melis; Marco Simone; Alessandro Fanti. A Blockchain-Based Traceability System in Agri-Food SME: Case Study of a Traditional Bakery. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 62899 -62915.
AMA StyleLuisanna Cocco, Katiuscia Mannaro, Roberto Tonelli, Lorena Mariani, Matteo B. Lodi, Andrea Melis, Marco Simone, Alessandro Fanti. A Blockchain-Based Traceability System in Agri-Food SME: Case Study of a Traditional Bakery. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():62899-62915.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuisanna Cocco; Katiuscia Mannaro; Roberto Tonelli; Lorena Mariani; Matteo B. Lodi; Andrea Melis; Marco Simone; Alessandro Fanti. 2021. "A Blockchain-Based Traceability System in Agri-Food SME: Case Study of a Traditional Bakery." IEEE Access 9, no. : 62899-62915.
The knowledge of the electromagnetic field levels generated by radio base stations present in an urban environment is a relevant aspect for propagations and coverage issues, as well as for the compliance to national regulations. Despite the growing interest in the novel fifth generation (5G) technology, several aspects related to the investigation of the urban propagation of the Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM), third generation (3G), and fourth generation (4G) mobile systems in peculiar non-rural environments may be improved. To account for irregular geometries and to deal with the propagation in hilly towns, in this work we present an enhanced version of the COST231-Walfisch–Ikegami model, whose parameters have been modified to evaluate the path loss at distances greater than 20 meters from the radio base station. This work addressed the problem of providing an effective, reliable, and quantitative model for the estimation of electromagnetic field levels in built-up areas. In addition, we also developed and tested a pre-industrial software prototype whose aim is to make the estimated electromagnetic field levels available to the key players in the telecom industry, the local authorities, and the general population. We validated the proposed model with a measurement campaign in the small urban and irregular built-up areas of Dorgali (Nuoro), Cala Gonone (Nuoro), and Lunamatrona (Cagliari) in Sardinia (Italy).
Luca Schirru; Filippo Ledda; Matteo Bruno Lodi; Alessandro Fanti; Katiuscia Mannaro; Marco Ortu; Giuseppe Mazzarella. Electromagnetic Field Levels in Built-up Areas with an Irregular Grid of Buildings: Modeling and Integrated Software. Electronics 2020, 9, 765 .
AMA StyleLuca Schirru, Filippo Ledda, Matteo Bruno Lodi, Alessandro Fanti, Katiuscia Mannaro, Marco Ortu, Giuseppe Mazzarella. Electromagnetic Field Levels in Built-up Areas with an Irregular Grid of Buildings: Modeling and Integrated Software. Electronics. 2020; 9 (5):765.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Schirru; Filippo Ledda; Matteo Bruno Lodi; Alessandro Fanti; Katiuscia Mannaro; Marco Ortu; Giuseppe Mazzarella. 2020. "Electromagnetic Field Levels in Built-up Areas with an Irregular Grid of Buildings: Modeling and Integrated Software." Electronics 9, no. 5: 765.