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Jia-Wen Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

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Case history
Published: 26 August 2021 in Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment
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Post-landslide high slopes have always been at increased risk for rockfall disasters, posing a considerable threat to the slope toe area and making it very difficult to manage. In this paper, a comprehensive rockfall hazard assessment strategy based on high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning is proposed. A high-resolution digital terrain model was obtained based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and data processing. Combined with a three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic model, the movement of rock blocks is simulated, and the mechanical parameters for simulation are corrected by 3D back analysis. Finally, based on hierarchical analysis process (AHP) and raster calculation, a rockfall hazard map can be obtained. The method was applied to analyze rockfall hazards on the post-landslide rock slope in Ganluo County. It was found that the rockfall hazard of the post-landslide slope is a great threat to the personnel and equipment of the emergency rescue at the site, and its long-term rockfall risk is also a big hidden danger to the railway at the foot of the slope. The planned 3 m high and 1500 kJ energy capacity protection net has 87.22% interception efficiency, but it is difficult to stop the falling rocks with high speed or high bouncing height. According to the characteristics of rockfall hazards, recommendations for rockfall hazard mitigation measures are proposed, including two aspects of rockfall source area remediation and rockfall transport path blocking. The case of rockfall hazard assessment in Ganluo County provides new methods and ideas for the management of rockfall hazard on post-landslide rock slopes.

ACS Style

Jie-Yuan Zhang; Hai-Bo Li; Xing-Guo Yang; Nan Jiang; Jia-Wen Zhou. Quantitative assessment of rockfall hazard in post-landslide high rock slope through terrestrial laser scanning. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2021, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Jie-Yuan Zhang, Hai-Bo Li, Xing-Guo Yang, Nan Jiang, Jia-Wen Zhou. Quantitative assessment of rockfall hazard in post-landslide high rock slope through terrestrial laser scanning. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2021; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie-Yuan Zhang; Hai-Bo Li; Xing-Guo Yang; Nan Jiang; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Quantitative assessment of rockfall hazard in post-landslide high rock slope through terrestrial laser scanning." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment , no. : 1-17.

Recent landslides
Published: 07 July 2021 in Landslides
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The intrusion of debris avalanches into reservoirs frequently occurs in mountainous regions and is a complex solid-fluid interaction. A coupled discrete element method (DEM) and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is developed to forecast the entire process of disaster chains including landslide motion, wave generation, and wave propagation on Kaiding slopes at the Houziyan Reservoir, Sichuan Province, China. The sliding masses are treated as granular assemblies with collisions instead of rigid solid. The simulation results indicate that the maximum velocity of debris avalanches when swarming into the water surface is beyond 30 m/s, and the maximum wave elevation on the watercourse and the maximum run-up wave elevation generated by landslides reach 1867.4 m and 1883.0 m, respectively, and the minimum wave trough is 1822.1 m occurring near opposite bank of landslide. Furthermore, the range of landslide-generated waves is estimated to be approximately a propagation distance of 800.0 m along the axis of the river. The coupled DEM-SPH simulation method provides important inspiration for hazard prevention on reservoir landslides.

ACS Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Yong-Guo Zhu; Hai-Bo Li; Cong-Jiang Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical estimation of landslide-generated waves at Kaiding Slopes, Houziyan Reservoir, China, using a coupled DEM-SPH method. Landslides 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Yu-Xiang Hu, Yong-Guo Zhu, Hai-Bo Li, Cong-Jiang Li, Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical estimation of landslide-generated waves at Kaiding Slopes, Houziyan Reservoir, China, using a coupled DEM-SPH method. Landslides. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Yong-Guo Zhu; Hai-Bo Li; Cong-Jiang Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Numerical estimation of landslide-generated waves at Kaiding Slopes, Houziyan Reservoir, China, using a coupled DEM-SPH method." Landslides , no. : 1-14.

Original research article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Frontiers in Earth Science
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Characterized by large scale, high frequency, and strong destructiveness, debris flow has become the most noticeable geohazards throughout the world, especially in the mountainous areas of southwestern China. On August 20, 2019, large-scale heavy rainfall pummeled Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, which resulted in a cluster of debris flows (the “8·20” clustered debris flows event), and caused considerable economic losses (approximately 3.4 billion RMB were lost) and heavy casualties (48,862 people were displaced, 16 people died and 22 people went missing). Based on field investigation, image data interpretation, mechanism analysis, and other methods, this study reveals the formation mechanism, dynamic evolutionary process, and impacts of human activities on the “8·20” clustered debris flows event. Results from a comprehensive analysis indicate that the occurrence of short-term, high-intensity rainfall and the excessive supply of solid material were the main factors that triggered this catastrophic event. With the debris flow flowing into the main river, this event presented an extremely apparent disaster chain effect. It is also found that improper site selection and inadequate design of human activities played a crucial role in the movement process of the debris flow that directly aggravated the losses. Finally, to improve debris flow prediction and prevention, some early warning and mitigation measures are discussed.

ACS Style

Yu Li; Xing-Nian Liu; Bin-Rui Gan; Xie-Kang Wang; Xing-Guo Yang; Hai-Bo Li; Xing-Yu Long; Jia-Wen Zhou. Formation-Evolutionary Mechanism Analysis and Impacts of Human Activities on the 20 August 2019 Clustered Debris Flows Event in Wenchuan County, Southwestern China. Frontiers in Earth Science 2021, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Yu Li, Xing-Nian Liu, Bin-Rui Gan, Xie-Kang Wang, Xing-Guo Yang, Hai-Bo Li, Xing-Yu Long, Jia-Wen Zhou. Formation-Evolutionary Mechanism Analysis and Impacts of Human Activities on the 20 August 2019 Clustered Debris Flows Event in Wenchuan County, Southwestern China. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2021; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Li; Xing-Nian Liu; Bin-Rui Gan; Xie-Kang Wang; Xing-Guo Yang; Hai-Bo Li; Xing-Yu Long; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Formation-Evolutionary Mechanism Analysis and Impacts of Human Activities on the 20 August 2019 Clustered Debris Flows Event in Wenchuan County, Southwestern China." Frontiers in Earth Science 9, no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 17 February 2021 in Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment
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The runout behavior of rockfall is mostly determined by the terrain and its mechanical parameters. The two factors can be significantly changed in a short period of time due to rockfall deposits in high-frequency rockfall regions. In this paper, a self-evolution process of rockfall from the Hongshiyan post-earthquake rock slope is observed and analyzed. This self-evolution process of the rockfall is the consequence of the re-occurrences of a large number of rockfall events in a short period of time, which lead to an increase in the elevation, slope angle, and hardness of the terrain, and aggravate further the severity of subsequent rockfall disasters. In order to analyze the self-evolution process, numerical simulations based on a probabilistic model were carried out on eight different conditions to analyze the interaction between the rockfall and different ground surface. The corresponding rockfall hazard was then analyzed according to a quantitative assessment method. The statistics of the average class (AC) and mitigation index (MI) of the rockfall were proposed to quantify the rockfall characteristics in different conditions. The effectiveness of structural and non-structural rockfall protection measures in high-frequency rockfall areas was discussed. An interim non-structural measure that addresses the self-evolution of rockfall is proposed to improve the mitigation efficiency, which can also reduce the maintenance cost.

ACS Style

Nan Jiang; Hai-Bo Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. Quantitative hazard analysis and mitigation measures of rockfall in a high-frequency rockfall region. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2021, 80, 3439 -3456.

AMA Style

Nan Jiang, Hai-Bo Li, Jia-Wen Zhou. Quantitative hazard analysis and mitigation measures of rockfall in a high-frequency rockfall region. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2021; 80 (4):3439-3456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Jiang; Hai-Bo Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Quantitative hazard analysis and mitigation measures of rockfall in a high-frequency rockfall region." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 4: 3439-3456.

Original paper
Published: 03 February 2021 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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Earth-rock fill dams are the most widely used dam type all over the world, and flood overtopping is the key reason causing dam burst. However, since an earth-rock fill dam with a concrete core wall is a modified new dam type, overtopping studies on these dams are rather deficient. The overtopping process and structural safety analyses of this new dam type have been studied in this paper by using a CFD-FEM coupled method based on the three-dimensional model of the Fangtianba reservoir expansion project. The scouring characteristics of the earth-rock fill dam, the variation trend of the downstream scouring depth, and the deformation as well as stress of the core wall have been obtained. Overtopping burst failure of the earth-rock fill dam with a concrete core wall is greatly affected by the downstream scouring depth, and tensile stress will occur on the upstream side of the core wall near the scour hole. When the downstream scouring depth is small and its growth is slow but stable, the tensile stress cannot exceed the allowable value in the early period of overtopping, and the concrete core wall may be able to support the dam body for a period of time, which might delay the occurrence of destructive collapse and overall burst. However, a sudden collapse may occur in the later period of overtopping; thus, reinforcement and emergency measures should be taken in time before the overall dam bursts.

ACS Style

Qi-Dong Hou; Hai-Bo Li; Yu-Xiang Hu; Shun-Chao Qi; Jia-Wen Zhou. Overtopping process and structural safety analyses of the earth-rock fill dam with a concrete core wall by using numerical simulations. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 14, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Qi-Dong Hou, Hai-Bo Li, Yu-Xiang Hu, Shun-Chao Qi, Jia-Wen Zhou. Overtopping process and structural safety analyses of the earth-rock fill dam with a concrete core wall by using numerical simulations. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14 (3):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi-Dong Hou; Hai-Bo Li; Yu-Xiang Hu; Shun-Chao Qi; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Overtopping process and structural safety analyses of the earth-rock fill dam with a concrete core wall by using numerical simulations." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 3: 1-12.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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The representation of particles of complex shapes is one of the key challenges of numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM). A novel algorithm has been developed by the authors to accurately represent 2D arbitrary particles for DEM modelling. In this paper, the algorithm is extended from 2D to 3D to model convex polyhedral particles based on multisphere methods, which includes three steps: the placement of spheres at the corners, along the edges, and on the facets in sequence. To give a good representation of a polyhedral particle, the spheres are placed tangent to the particle surface in each step. All spheres placed in the three steps are clumped together into a clump in DEM. In addition, the mass properties of the clump are determined based on the corresponding polyhedral particle to obtain accurate simulation results. Finally, an example is used to validate the robust and automatic performance of the algorithm in generating a sphere clump model for an assembly of polyhedral particles. A current FORTRAN version of the algorithm is available by contacting the authors.

ACS Style

Qiang Zhang; Chaojun Jia; Jun Yu; Jiawen Zhou. Multisphere Representation of Convex Polyhedral Particles for DEM Simulation. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Qiang Zhang, Chaojun Jia, Jun Yu, Jiawen Zhou. Multisphere Representation of Convex Polyhedral Particles for DEM Simulation. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2021; 2021 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiang Zhang; Chaojun Jia; Jun Yu; Jiawen Zhou. 2021. "Multisphere Representation of Convex Polyhedral Particles for DEM Simulation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, no. : 1-8.

Technical note
Published: 07 January 2021 in Landslides
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ACS Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Hai-Bo Li; Gong-Da Lu; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. Influence of size gradation on particle separation and the motion behaviors of debris avalanches. Landslides 2021, 18, 1845 -1858.

AMA Style

Yu-Xiang Hu, Hai-Bo Li, Gong-Da Lu, Gang Fan, Jia-Wen Zhou. Influence of size gradation on particle separation and the motion behaviors of debris avalanches. Landslides. 2021; 18 (5):1845-1858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Hai-Bo Li; Gong-Da Lu; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Influence of size gradation on particle separation and the motion behaviors of debris avalanches." Landslides 18, no. 5: 1845-1858.

Original article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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The Xinhua slope of Dagangshan Reservoir is taken as an example to study the potential for reservoir landslides under the combined effects of rainfall and water level fluctuations. Through field investigation, monitoring analysis by global navigation satellite system and numerical simulation, the hydraulic response and stability of the accumulated deposits on the Xinhua slope were evaluated. Three occurrences of large deformations were recorded by real-time monitoring. By comparing the deformation records with the hydrological records, it was found that the first one was caused by water storage, and the last two were due to the coupling effect of rainfall and water level drawdown. Deformation of the reservoir overburden cannot simply be thought of as the sliding of a single block (geology survey showed deep sliding surfaces with depths of 50–70 m), but shallow sliding (less than 5 m) is also much likely to occur revealed by a supporting evidence from deformation records. In cases where hydrostatic pressure and transient osmotic forces are favorable for shear resistance, softening may play a major role in the process of impoundment leading to deformation. The deformation pattern of the slope deposits changes as it enters operation. A drawdown of water level during flood season accelerates the deformation, while a following rise of water level inhibits this acceleration. More extensive monitoring (i.e. pore water pressure sensor and inclinometer) and more in-depth analysis are needed in the future, and this article is a synthesis of limit equilibrium and infinite slope analysis to better understand the deformation patterns and response mechanisms of reservoir accumulation.

ACS Style

Ming-Liang Chen; Shun-Chao Qi; Peng-Fei Lv; Xing-Guo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou. Hydraulic response and stability of a reservoir slope with landslide potential under the combined effect of rainfall and water level fluctuation. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Ming-Liang Chen, Shun-Chao Qi, Peng-Fei Lv, Xing-Guo Yang, Jia-Wen Zhou. Hydraulic response and stability of a reservoir slope with landslide potential under the combined effect of rainfall and water level fluctuation. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming-Liang Chen; Shun-Chao Qi; Peng-Fei Lv; Xing-Guo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2021. "Hydraulic response and stability of a reservoir slope with landslide potential under the combined effect of rainfall and water level fluctuation." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 1: 1-19.

Research article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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The rock mass failure induced by high in-situ stresses during the excavation of deep diversion tunnels is one of the key problems in the construction of the Jinping II Hydropower Station. Based on the results of acoustic wave tests and rockburst statistical analysis conducted, this study focuses on the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) and rockburst events in the Jinping II diversion tunnels excavated using the tunnel boring machine (TBM) method and the drilling-blasting method. The unloading failure mechanism and the rockburst induced by the two different excavation methods were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that, due to the different stress adjustment processes, the degree of damage to the surrounding rock mass excavated using the drilling-blasting method was more serious than that using the TBM method. The EDZ induced by the TBM was usually distributed evenly along the edge of the excavation surface. While, the drilling-blasting method was more likely to cause stress concentration, resulting in a deeper EDZ in local areas. However, the TBM excavation method can cause other problems in high in-situ stress areas, such as strong rockbursts. The drilling-blasting method is more prone to structural controlled failure of the surrounding rock mass, while the TBM method would induce high stress concentration near the edge of excavation and more widely distributed of stress adjustment induced failure. As a result, the scale and frequency of the rockburst events generated by the TBM were significantly greater than those caused by the drilling-blasting method during the excavation of Jinping II diversion tunnels. The TBM method should be used carefully for tunnel excavation in high in-situ stress areas with burial depths of greater than 2000 m. If it is necessary to use the TBM method after a comprehensive selection, it is suggested that equipment adaptability improvement, advanced prediction, and prediction technology be used.

ACS Style

Jing Yang; Xing-Guo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou; Yong Liu; Bao-Shun Dong; Hai-Bo Li. Comparative Study of the Excavation Damage and Rockburst of the Deeply Buried Jinping II Diversion Tunnels Using a TBM and the Drilling-Blasting Method. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Jing Yang, Xing-Guo Yang, Jia-Wen Zhou, Yong Liu, Bao-Shun Dong, Hai-Bo Li. Comparative Study of the Excavation Damage and Rockburst of the Deeply Buried Jinping II Diversion Tunnels Using a TBM and the Drilling-Blasting Method. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Yang; Xing-Guo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou; Yong Liu; Bao-Shun Dong; Hai-Bo Li. 2020. "Comparative Study of the Excavation Damage and Rockburst of the Deeply Buried Jinping II Diversion Tunnels Using a TBM and the Drilling-Blasting Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, no. : 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Engineering Geology
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A new derivation of the three-dimensional (3D) limit equilibrium method for slope stability analyses is presented, which applies linear algebra operations to matrices to achieve a highly efficient algorithm while maintaining the rigorousness of the formulation. It satisfies six equilibrium conditions and includes all of the components of the intercolumnar forces. The generalized 3D Morgenstern-Price's (MP) assumption for the intercolumn forces is recast into incremental forms. The advantage is that the unknowns of the different physical meanings (i.e., factor of safety (FS) and the coefficients in the MP assumption) are determined by balancing the forces and moments independently. Along with the recasting correction coefficients, they are solved with the triple nested algorithm. The numerical instability that is related to the different orders of magnitude for the residuals is avoided. The varication examples show: (i) the insensitivity of the FS to the prescribed functions in the MP assumption, (ii) the reliability of the method to cope with a complicated slope geometry (simplified methods may provide a larger FS for certain cases), and (iii) the superior efficiency of the algorithm (requires several seconds to converge). This study proposes a practical way to track the irregular 3D tension cracking by repeating the analysis and excluding the columns with the negative normal forces at the bottom. This formulation is applied to a valley landfill slope in China. In comparison to the two-dimensional analysis, there are more reasonable/cost-effective measures to increase the system stability through 3D analyses for several conditions (e.g., seismic loading).

ACS Style

Shunchao Qi; Daosheng Ling; Qiang Yao; Gongda Lu; Xingguo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou. Evaluating slope stability with 3D limit equilibrium technique and its application to landfill in China. Engineering Geology 2020, 280, 105939 .

AMA Style

Shunchao Qi, Daosheng Ling, Qiang Yao, Gongda Lu, Xingguo Yang, Jia-Wen Zhou. Evaluating slope stability with 3D limit equilibrium technique and its application to landfill in China. Engineering Geology. 2020; 280 ():105939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shunchao Qi; Daosheng Ling; Qiang Yao; Gongda Lu; Xingguo Yang; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Evaluating slope stability with 3D limit equilibrium technique and its application to landfill in China." Engineering Geology 280, no. : 105939.

Original research article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Frontiers in Earth Science
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The mass movement process of the 2017 Xinmo catastrophic landslide was simulated using the discreet element method (DEM). Field investigation indicates that the basal entrainment is a typical feature of this landslide. Hence, the entrained colluvium on the sliding path is considered in the DEM model. According to the terrain elevation data before and after sliding, the slope geometry is divided into three parts: sliding bed, sliding body, and colluvium on the path. The blocks are generated in MATLAB and a fill-remove method has been used to produce the loose colluvium. The key parameter, contact friction angel, which controls the mobility of mass movement, has been obtained through displacement back analysis. The simulated deposit area and main sliding time coincide with actual landslide characteristics. Simulation results indicate that the colluvium is pushed to the bottom of the Songpinggou Valley by the sliding body. The local topography has a significant influence on the sliding direction. Some typical phenomena of substrate entrainment, including frontal plowing, mass spray, shear zones in substrate, thickened substrate, and basal abrasion, are observed in the DEM simulation. During the entrainment process, the frontal plowing, or the thrust, plays an important role in creating the substrate failure compared with basal abrasion. After the failure of the whole colluvium, the magnitude of thrust descends quickly but is still slightly larger than that of shear thrust. Entrainment of dry material on the slope leads to more friction energy consumption and reduces the mobility of mass movement. This work shows a good capability of simulating entrainment of dry materials using a discreet element method and highlights the significance of plowing relative to the basal abrasion under conditions of limited path material supply.

ACS Style

Qin Chen; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect. Frontiers in Earth Science 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Qin Chen, Gang Fan, Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qin Chen; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Numerical Simulation of the 2017 Xinmo Catastrophic Landslide Considering Entrainment Effect." Frontiers in Earth Science 8, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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The stability of the surrounding rock masses of underground powerhouses is always emphasized during the construction period. With the general trends toward large-scale, complex geological conditions and the rapid construction progress of underground powerhouses, deformation and failure issues of the surrounding rock mass can emerge, putting the safety of construction and operation in jeopardy and causing enormous economic loss. To solve these problems, an understanding of the origins and key affecting factors is required. Based on domestic large-scale underground powerhouse cases in the past two decades, key factors affecting the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass are summarized in this paper. Among these factors, the two most fundamental factors are the rock mass properties and in situ stress, which impart tremendous impacts on surrounding rock mass stability in a number of cases. Excavation is a prerequisite of surrounding rock mass failure and support that is classified as part of the construction process and plays a pivotal role in preventing and arresting deformation and failure. Additionally, the layout and structure of the powerhouse are consequential. The interrelation and interaction of these factors are discussed at the end of this paper. The results can hopefully advance the understanding of the deformation and failure of surrounding rock masses and provide a reference for design and construction with respect to hydroelectric underground powerhouses.

ACS Style

Meng Wang; Jia-Wen Zhou; An-Chi Shi; Jin-Qi Han; Hai-Bo Li. Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Meng Wang, Jia-Wen Zhou, An-Chi Shi, Jin-Qi Han, Hai-Bo Li. Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng Wang; Jia-Wen Zhou; An-Chi Shi; Jin-Qi Han; Hai-Bo Li. 2020. "Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Computers and Geotechnics
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Optimum fragmentation of rocks during blasting is pivotal for the productivity of mining and civil engineering systems. Extensive studies on the ubiquitous fragmentation phenomena in nature and artificial processes have attested to the dominant control of the effective dimensionality and material brittleness on the size distribution of fragments. In this study, by further demonstrating that the impact of brittleness on fragmentation is physically inherent in the material dimension, we present new mechanistic insights into the blast-induced rock fragmentation via integrated analytical modelling, finite element simulation and image processing. A continuous-surface viscoplastic cap model was first calibrated step-by-step against rock behavior in different pressure and strain-rate regimes on various scales. Then, rock blasting was simulated under various bench dimensions and the fracture patterns were image-processed to provide quantitative insights into blast fragmentation. Our findings suggest that the fragments become smaller and rounder while their size distribution becomes more uniform as the rock dimensions decrease. We demonstrated that at smaller rock dimensions, the equivalent increase in energy density and suppression of pressure-induced ductility can conspire to assist crack bifurcation and thus create successively finer fragments towards the unbreakable limit. We also identified significant correlations between the fragment aspect ratio and its size and uniformity of distribution, highlighting the potential use of fragment shape as an indicator for evaluating blasting performance alongside conventional grading analysis.

ACS Style

Jian Tao; Xing-Guo Yang; Hong-Tao Li; Jia-Wen Zhou; Shun-Chao Qi; Gong-Da Lu. Numerical investigation of blast-induced rock fragmentation. Computers and Geotechnics 2020, 128, 103846 .

AMA Style

Jian Tao, Xing-Guo Yang, Hong-Tao Li, Jia-Wen Zhou, Shun-Chao Qi, Gong-Da Lu. Numerical investigation of blast-induced rock fragmentation. Computers and Geotechnics. 2020; 128 ():103846.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Tao; Xing-Guo Yang; Hong-Tao Li; Jia-Wen Zhou; Shun-Chao Qi; Gong-Da Lu. 2020. "Numerical investigation of blast-induced rock fragmentation." Computers and Geotechnics 128, no. : 103846.

Research article
Published: 28 August 2020 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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A series of settlement, cracking, and collapse of the Zhengjiaping slope has been increasingly developing since October 2015 during impoundment at the Dagangshan Hydropower Station. It is a dangerous signal, which means thatlandslide potential will be existed for the Zhengjiaping slope and poses greatthreat to the operation of hydropower station and traffic safety. Related slope protection measures and research studies have been implemented accordingly in the Zhengjiaping slope to prevent and control adverse influences on property security and human life in the reservoir area. In order to understand the geological and hydrological settings of the Zhengjiaping slope and its surroundings, a field investigation was carried out to determine the lithological composition and toppling/sliding deformation characteristics using exploratory adit and site boreholes. The large deformation process in the apparently deformed area was analyzed using borehole inclinometers and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). It was found that the apparently deformed area zone was characterized by crushed rock masses, with only a small amount of slope deposits and the sliding deformation occurring in Zone I. The deformation process of the reservoir landslide was considered to be a complex integration of the geological effects of various adverse factors. Impoundment and heavy rainfall are the direct causes of sliding deformation. During the preparation of the basic conditions for sliding, lithology, tectonic activity, and artificial disturbances play an important role, including the sliding mass and the sliding surface zone.

ACS Style

Ming-Liang Chen; Peng-Fei Lv; Wen-Ze Nie; Chang-Ming Tan; Zhi-Hua Bai; Yong Liao; Jia-Wen Zhou. The Role of Water and Lithology on the Deformation and Failure of an Anaclinal Rock Slope in a Hydropower Reservoir. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, 2020, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Ming-Liang Chen, Peng-Fei Lv, Wen-Ze Nie, Chang-Ming Tan, Zhi-Hua Bai, Yong Liao, Jia-Wen Zhou. The Role of Water and Lithology on the Deformation and Failure of an Anaclinal Rock Slope in a Hydropower Reservoir. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020; 2020 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming-Liang Chen; Peng-Fei Lv; Wen-Ze Nie; Chang-Ming Tan; Zhi-Hua Bai; Yong Liao; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "The Role of Water and Lithology on the Deformation and Failure of an Anaclinal Rock Slope in a Hydropower Reservoir." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020, no. : 1-13.

Short communication
Published: 17 August 2020 in Computers and Geotechnics
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The measurement or estimation of the permeability of soft sediments remains a difficult albeit necessary task for several geotechnical applications, such as land reclamation and tailings management. This note presents a new method for determining the two parameters (the multiplier and power) of the power permeability function for high water content sediments, using settlement data from a column experiment, where sedimentation and consolidation occur synchronously. The proposed method stems from the distinct effects of the multiplier and power on the geometric features of numerically predicted settlement curves in the height versus log-time plane. The predicted settlement curves shape is multiplier-independent but controlled by the power; whilst, for a prescribed power, the position of settlement curve depends on the multiplier and can be shifted according to a change in the multiplier without using additional simulation. These effects were recently observed to apply to consolidation analysis only (i.e. without sedimentation), but here are shown to be more general. Further, it is newly shown that the mathematical variance of logarithms of times at a set of random points on the predicted settlement curve correlates very well with the power value. Together, these correlations lead to the development of a new method for calibrating the power and then multiplier that is both accurate and inexpensive (computationally and experimentally), as demonstrated using a well-known case study.

ACS Style

Shunchao Qi; Xuanquan Chen; Paul Simms; Jiawen Zhou; Xingguo Yang. New method for determining the permeability function parameters of soft soils considering synchronous sedimentation and consolidation. Computers and Geotechnics 2020, 127, 103781 .

AMA Style

Shunchao Qi, Xuanquan Chen, Paul Simms, Jiawen Zhou, Xingguo Yang. New method for determining the permeability function parameters of soft soils considering synchronous sedimentation and consolidation. Computers and Geotechnics. 2020; 127 ():103781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shunchao Qi; Xuanquan Chen; Paul Simms; Jiawen Zhou; Xingguo Yang. 2020. "New method for determining the permeability function parameters of soft soils considering synchronous sedimentation and consolidation." Computers and Geotechnics 127, no. : 103781.

Original paper
Published: 25 June 2020 in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
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Local topography and structural features of discontinuities have a great effect on the movement characteristics and failure mechanisms of the unstable rock blocks of the rock slope. By taking full advantage of the geometric information contained in the multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds, a technique based on a roto-translation method has been developed to track and monitor the movement behavior of blocks in unstable rock slopes. The technique can be completed in three stages: (a) a preliminary change detection is used to distinguish the unstable area by means of a shortest distance (SD) algorithm; (b) an automatic discontinuity identification algorithm is implemented to visually identify the discontinuity sets and to exactly delineate rock blocks in unstable areas; and (c) finally a roto-translation movement monitoring method is applied to track and monitor the unstable rock blocks. This technique permits the user to visually identify the discontinuity sets and to determine their orientation, and therefore provides detailed information of geometric compounding relationships between the slope and joint systems as well as the forming rock blocks which are the key impacts to stability of the rock slope. It permits the user to exactly and visually delineate the rock blocks in the unstable area, and thus the completely tracking and monitoring of lock block movement in unstable rock slopes can be effectively conducted. It overcomes the limited precision of the single TLS points and provides an actual 3D movement measuring method for the blocks rather than a shortest distance. The technique was first used in the movement behavior monitoring of the unstable rock blocks in a post-earthquake high rock slope. The results show that the rock block movement monitoring technique is well suited for providing high-quality data in the assessment of rock failure hazards.

ACS Style

Hai-Bo Li; Shun-Chao Qi; Xing-Guo Yang; Xiao-Wen Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. Geological Survey and Unstable Rock Block Movement Monitoring of a Post-Earthquake High Rock Slope Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2020, 53, 4523 -4537.

AMA Style

Hai-Bo Li, Shun-Chao Qi, Xing-Guo Yang, Xiao-Wen Li, Jia-Wen Zhou. Geological Survey and Unstable Rock Block Movement Monitoring of a Post-Earthquake High Rock Slope Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2020; 53 (10):4523-4537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hai-Bo Li; Shun-Chao Qi; Xing-Guo Yang; Xiao-Wen Li; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Geological Survey and Unstable Rock Block Movement Monitoring of a Post-Earthquake High Rock Slope Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 53, no. 10: 4523-4537.

Articles
Published: 18 May 2020 in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
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On 10th October and 3rd November 2018, two landslides and the consecutive twice blockage of the Jinsha River led to sharp fluctuations of the upstream water level. These two events have caused numerous bank failures along the Ouqu River in the upper reaches. In this paper, a numerical model coupling the seepage and stability analyses was established, which was able to capture the fundamental behavior of geomaterials in both saturated/unsaturated conditions. Numerical results show that fluctuations of water level, permeability and shearing strength of the deposit were the key factors that had great influences on the seepage field and slope stability. The slope remained stable when the water level was rising since the water force acted as a back pressure. There was a critical rising level for the positive effect of rising water level, after which the variation of safety factor tended to be minimal. Differences in permeability determined the temporal saturated zone, whose properties consisted of not only the strength reduction due to the loss of suction in the zone affected by fluctuations, but also the instinct strength characteristics between different layers. Furthermore, permeability of the upper two layers had apparent adverse influences on the safety factor of slope.

ACS Style

Yue Zhou; Shun-Chao Qi; Lei Wang; Ming-Liang Chen; Chen Xie; Jia-Wen Zhou. Instability analysis of a quaternary deposition slope after two sudden events of river water fluctuations. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 2020, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Yue Zhou, Shun-Chao Qi, Lei Wang, Ming-Liang Chen, Chen Xie, Jia-Wen Zhou. Instability analysis of a quaternary deposition slope after two sudden events of river water fluctuations. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2020; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Zhou; Shun-Chao Qi; Lei Wang; Ming-Liang Chen; Chen Xie; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Instability analysis of a quaternary deposition slope after two sudden events of river water fluctuations." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in Computers and Geotechnics
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Abnormal pore pressures in excess of the hydrostatic equilibrium are observed in natural and artificial sediment systems worldwide. Such overpressure exerts a fundamental control over the diagenesis, stability, and productivity of both sedimentary reservoirs. The basin dynamics for overpressure generation involve complex THMC processes during sediment accumulation. In this paper, we develop a generic framework for thermo-chemical consolidation in natural and artificial sedimentary sequences by extending Biot’s classical poroelasticity. The proposed theoretical model is then conveniently recast into an explicit form for one-dimensional sedimentation. The resulting formulation essentially extends the original Gibson’s theory by incorporating coupled THMC effects in general sedimentary sequences, and a hierarchical scrutiny of different overpressuring mechanisms thus becomes straightforward. Moreover, a closed-form equation is derived from the new chemo-thermo-poroelasticity model for accreting sediments, and the critical temperature for pore pressure changes via hydration/dehydration is thus determined. The model demonstrates that overpressuring and depressuring are not mutually exclusive because of the competition between water volume changes and thermal strains induced by chemical reactions. By using evolutive properties of a reactive artificial sediment, our model calculations have highlighted the critical influences of the sediment and environment temperatures and deposition rate on the contribution of each overpressuring mechanism.

ACS Style

Gong-Da Lu; Xing-Guo Yang; Shun-Chao Qi; Xi-Long Li; Pei-Pei Ding; Jia-Wen Zhou. A generic framework for overpressure generation in sedimentary sequences under thermal perturbations. Computers and Geotechnics 2020, 124, 103636 .

AMA Style

Gong-Da Lu, Xing-Guo Yang, Shun-Chao Qi, Xi-Long Li, Pei-Pei Ding, Jia-Wen Zhou. A generic framework for overpressure generation in sedimentary sequences under thermal perturbations. Computers and Geotechnics. 2020; 124 ():103636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gong-Da Lu; Xing-Guo Yang; Shun-Chao Qi; Xi-Long Li; Pei-Pei Ding; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "A generic framework for overpressure generation in sedimentary sequences under thermal perturbations." Computers and Geotechnics 124, no. : 103636.

Geotechnical engineering
Published: 09 March 2020 in KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering
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Debris avalanches generally have massive mobility and extensive deposited area, which have strong relation to the granular effect. The granular effect is an outcome from the interaction (based on frictional mechanism) among particles. Discrepancy of grain composition, for instance the difference of particle size and their proportion of particles, is a key factor to influence granular effect. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to research the granular effects on depositional processes of debris avalanches containing fine- and coarse-grained particles. The velocity of debris front, the morphology characteristics and runout distance of the debris avalanche are considered in detail, and the mass parameter and the size parameter are introduced in analysis for the research of granular effect. The experimental results indicate that the granular effects can decrease the dissipation of momentum and increase the accumulation region, leading to further runout distance and more extensive deposited areas. Further, the velocity, the range of depositions of debris avalanches are larger than that in other conditions when the proportion of fine-grained particles is 30%, especially the materials consist of heterogeneous granular. It means there have a critical mass parameter in experiments which lead to the high efficiency of granular effects, and the granular effect is weakening in homogeneous granular composition.

ACS Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Hai-Bo Li; Shun-Chao Qi; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. Granular Effects on Depositional Processes of Debris Avalanches. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2020, 24, 1116 -1127.

AMA Style

Yu-Xiang Hu, Hai-Bo Li, Shun-Chao Qi, Gang Fan, Jia-Wen Zhou. Granular Effects on Depositional Processes of Debris Avalanches. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020; 24 (4):1116-1127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Hai-Bo Li; Shun-Chao Qi; Gang Fan; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Granular Effects on Depositional Processes of Debris Avalanches." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 4: 1116-1127.

Technical note
Published: 03 March 2020 in Landslides
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Landslides at river embankments can block watercourses, imperiling the safety of vessels and downstream hydropower stations. The Baige landslide, which occurred on 11th October 2018, is taken as an example to study the landslide motion and landslide-generated wave evolutions. The elasto-viscoplastic and renormalization group (RNG) turbulence models are employed in the FLOW3D software, treating the motion of the Baige landslide as a viscous flow. Numerical results show that the maximum velocity of the slide was approximately 75 m/s when entering the Jinsha River. Further, the waves triggered by massive debris avalanches at three different locations are investigated. The maximum velocity of the landslide-generated wave and the maximum run-up in the Jinsha River reached 45 m/s and 53.9 m, respectively, on the slide axis. The maximum run-up terrain elevation of the wave was 3039.7 m. The simulation results are basically consistent with the actual field observations and fit well with high-speed flow-like landslides. In this case, the displaced water was dominant due to the significant volume of the failure mass and the shallow watercourse of the Jinsha River. The run-down waves located on the source region axis contribute to the rise of water level downstream and upstream. The results from this case study serve as a practical inspiration for research on disaster processes.

ACS Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Zhi-You Yu; Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves during the 11 October 2018 Baige landslide at the Jinsha River. Landslides 2020, 17, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Yu-Xiang Hu, Zhi-You Yu, Jia-Wen Zhou. Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves during the 11 October 2018 Baige landslide at the Jinsha River. Landslides. 2020; 17 (10):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Xiang Hu; Zhi-You Yu; Jia-Wen Zhou. 2020. "Numerical simulation of landslide-generated waves during the 11 October 2018 Baige landslide at the Jinsha River." Landslides 17, no. 10: 1-12.