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D Bertotto
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Animals
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Fish commercial transport is an ordinary practice in the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 48 h transport stress on stress response of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Real-Time PCR were used to evaluate muscle cortisol levels and to assess glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression in fish muscle and liver, respectively. Presence and localization of various oxidative stress markers were investigated in different tissues by immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in muscle cortisol levels was observed after loading but a significant decrease occurred after 16 h from departure even without returning to control levels. Molecular analysis on stress response revealed an increase in muscle gr expression after fish loading that started decreasing during the travel returning to the control level at the end of the transport. Instead, no differences in liver gr expression were observed along the different sampling points. Immunostaining for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine (NT) and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies was detected in several organs. Notably, a higher NT immunostaining intensity was evident in skin and gills of the transported animals with respect to controls. Results demonstrated that cortisol and gr are useful indicators of stressful conditions in transported fish.

ACS Style

Martina Bortoletti; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Stefano Caberlotto; Daniela Bertotto. Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress. Animals 2021, 11, 1160 .

AMA Style

Martina Bortoletti, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Giuseppe Radaelli, Stefano Caberlotto, Daniela Bertotto. Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Bortoletti; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Giuseppe Radaelli; Stefano Caberlotto; Daniela Bertotto. 2021. "Muscle Cortisol Levels, Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Teleost Fish Argyrosomus regius Exposed to Transport Stress." Animals 11, no. 4: 1160.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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The study focused on the macroscopic, histological, and biometric analysis of European hake females in GSA 17 (Central-North Adriatic Sea). From 2013 to 2015, 976 females were collected and analyzed monthly. Though females in spawning conditions were found during the whole year, the trend of GSI showed a peak of the reproductive season from April to July in 2014 and 2015. HSI and Kn reached the highest values in September, after the spawning peaks. In 2013, the trend of these indices did not highlight an evident peak, probably due to an adverse event that occurred in the previous winter in the Adriatic shelf. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated by macroscopic and histological approaches, resulting in 30.81 cm for the macroscopical length and 33.73 cm for the histological length; both values are higher than the current catching legal size. For the first time in this area, batch and relative fecundity were estimated. Relative fecundity was similar to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic stocks, whereas batch fecundity values were lower compared to other fishing grounds. Overall, the analysis of reproductive parameters plays a fundamental role in the sustainable management of this resource in an area as overfished as the Central-North Adriatic Sea.

ACS Style

Michela Candelma; Luca Marisaldi; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Alberto Santojanni; Sabrina Colella; Oliana Carnevali. Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 389 .

AMA Style

Michela Candelma, Luca Marisaldi, Daniela Bertotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Giorgia Gioacchini, Alberto Santojanni, Sabrina Colella, Oliana Carnevali. Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michela Candelma; Luca Marisaldi; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Giorgia Gioacchini; Alberto Santojanni; Sabrina Colella; Oliana Carnevali. 2021. "Aspects of Reproductive Biology of the European Hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (GSA 17-Central Mediterranean Sea)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4: 389.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Genetics Selection Evolution
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Background Susceptibility of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) to viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is well-known. Interest towards selective breeding as a tool to enhance genetic resistance in this species has increased sharply due to the major threat represented by VNN for farmed sea bass and limitations concerning specific therapeutical measures. A sea bass experimental population (N = 650) was challenged with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) to investigate genetic variation in VNN mortality. In addition, relationships of this trait with serum cortisol concentration after stress exposure, antibody titer against NNV antigens, and body weight at a fixed age were studied to identify potential indicator traits of VNN resistance. Results The estimate of heritability for VNN mortality was moderate and ranged from 0.15 (HPD95%, 95% highest posterior density interval: 0.02, 0.31) to 0.23 (HPD95%: 0.06, 0.47). Heritability estimates for cortisol concentration, antibody titer, and body weight were 0.19 (HPD95%: 0.07, 0.34), 0.36 (HPD95%: 0.16, 0.59) and 0.57 (HPD95%: 0.33, 0.84), respectively. Phenotypic relationships between traits were trivial and not statistically significant, except for the estimated correlation between antibody titer and body weight (0.24). Genetic correlations of mortality with body weight or antibody titer (− 0.39) exhibited a 0.89 probability of being negative. A negligible genetic correlation between mortality and cortisol concentration was detected. Antibody titer was estimated to be positively correlated with body weight (0.49). Conclusions Antibody titer against NNV offers the opportunity to use indirect selection to enhance resistance, while the use of cortisol concentration as an indicator trait in breeding programs for VNN resistance is questionable. The estimate of heritability for VNN mortality indicates the feasibility of selective breeding to enhance resistance to NNV and raises attention to the development of genomic prediction tools to simplify testing procedures for selection candidates.

ACS Style

Sara Faggion; Daniela Bertotto; Massimiliano Babbucci; Giulia Dalla Rovere; Rafaella Franch; Mauro Bovolenta; Stanislas Laureau; Francesco Pascoli; Anna Toffan; Luca Bargelloni; Paolo Carnier. Resistance to viral nervous necrosis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): heritability and relationships with body weight, cortisol concentration, and antibody titer. Genetics Selection Evolution 2021, 53, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Sara Faggion, Daniela Bertotto, Massimiliano Babbucci, Giulia Dalla Rovere, Rafaella Franch, Mauro Bovolenta, Stanislas Laureau, Francesco Pascoli, Anna Toffan, Luca Bargelloni, Paolo Carnier. Resistance to viral nervous necrosis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): heritability and relationships with body weight, cortisol concentration, and antibody titer. Genetics Selection Evolution. 2021; 53 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Faggion; Daniela Bertotto; Massimiliano Babbucci; Giulia Dalla Rovere; Rafaella Franch; Mauro Bovolenta; Stanislas Laureau; Francesco Pascoli; Anna Toffan; Luca Bargelloni; Paolo Carnier. 2021. "Resistance to viral nervous necrosis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): heritability and relationships with body weight, cortisol concentration, and antibody titer." Genetics Selection Evolution 53, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Animals
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The present study aimed to investigate the acute response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles exposed to temperature, salinity and ammonia stress. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate cortisol levels, whereas insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), myostatin (mstn), heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression was assessed trough Real-Time PCR. The presence and localization of IGF-I and HSP70 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In all the stress conditions, a significant increase in cortisol levels was observed reaching higher values in the thermic and chemical stress groups. Regarding fish growth markers, igf1 gene expression was significantly higher only in fish subjected to heat shock stress while, at 60 min, igf2 gene expression was significantly lower in all the stressed groups. Temperature and ammonia changes resulted in a higher mstn gene expression. Molecular analyses on stress response evidenced a time dependent increase in hsp70 gene expression, that was significantly higher at 60 min in fish exposed to heat shock and chemical stress. Furthermore, the same experimental groups were characterized by a significantly higher gr gene expression respect to the control one. Immunostaining for IGF-I and HSP70 antibodies was observed in skin, gills, liver, and digestive system of gilthead seabream juveniles.

ACS Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals 2021, 11, 97 .

AMA Style

Matteo Zarantoniello, Martina Bortoletti, Ike Olivotto, Stefano Ratti, Carlo Poltronieri, Elena Negrato, Stefano Caberlotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Zarantoniello; Martina Bortoletti; Ike Olivotto; Stefano Ratti; Carlo Poltronieri; Elena Negrato; Stefano Caberlotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto. 2021. "Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study." Animals 11, no. 1: 97.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Animals
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In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach was used in order to evaluate growth, muscle development, and stress status in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae at schooling (T1) and complete yolk sac absorption (T2), reared at three stocking densities (low, medium, and high). Larvae growth, morphological muscle development, and whole-body cortisol levels were assessed. The expression of genes involved in the growth process (igf1 and igf2), in the myogenesis (myog), and in the regulation of cellular stress (glut1, glut2, glut4, and hsp70) was analyzed using a quantitative PCR. Larvae reared at lower densities showed a higher Specific Growth Rate and showed a physiological muscle development. Cortisol levels were low and did not differ significantly, both in different time sampling and across densities, suggesting that either the considered densities are not stressors in this species in the early stages of development or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is not yet fully mature. Gene expression of glut1, igf1, and igf2 showed an up-regulation in both developmental stages at all the rearing densities considered, while myog significantly up-regulated at T1 at the highest density. Considering all of the results, it would seem that lower densities should be used in these stages of development, as these showed a higher growth rate, even if it is not economically feasible in commercial hatcheries. Therefore, choosing an intermediate stocking density could be a good compromise between larval performance and economical feasibility.

ACS Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Valentina Serra; Mauro Vasconi; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae. Animals 2020, 10, 1289 .

AMA Style

Lucia Aidos, Alessandra Cafiso, Valentina Serra, Mauro Vasconi, Daniela Bertotto, Chiara Bazzocchi, Giuseppe Radaelli, Alessia Di Giancamillo. How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Valentina Serra; Mauro Vasconi; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. 2020. "How Different Stocking Densities Affect Growth and Stress Status of Acipenser baerii Early Stage Larvae." Animals 10, no. 8: 1289.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2020 in Animals
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In the present study European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) subjected to two different diets (organic vs. conventional) were evaluated in terms of growing performances, oxidative stress, and contaminant markers. Growing performances were evaluated using biometric measures and condition factor (K), whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I and IGF-II) levels were assessed trough Real-Time PCR analysis. For oxidative stress, immunohistochemical staining for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) was performed, whereas total glutathione (GSH) in blood serum was determined by an enzymatic method adapted. Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) were evaluated as contaminant markers trough immunohistochemical and histochemical approaches, respectively. The growing performances showed a positive trend in both groups but a greater productivity in conventional fed fish compared to the organic ones. A significant higher expression of MMCs was observed in organic vs. conventional diet fed fish. Fillet analysis showed a higher MUFA content and a lower PUFAs n-6 content in organically fed sea bass indicating that diets with a content in fatty acids closer to that of wild fish will definitely affect the fatty acid profile of the fish flesh. On the other hand, the diet composition did not seem to affect neither the oxidative stress parameters (GSH, 8-OHdG, HNE) nor the CYP1A expression.

ACS Style

Antonio Carminato; Francesco Pascoli; Angela Trocino; Lisa Locatello; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Renato Palazzi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Martina Bortoletti; Daniela Bertotto. Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding. Animals 2020, 10, 1226 .

AMA Style

Antonio Carminato, Francesco Pascoli, Angela Trocino, Lisa Locatello, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Renato Palazzi, Giuseppe Radaelli, Cristina Ballarin, Martina Bortoletti, Daniela Bertotto. Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding. Animals. 2020; 10 (7):1226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Carminato; Francesco Pascoli; Angela Trocino; Lisa Locatello; Lisa Maccatrozzo; Renato Palazzi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Cristina Ballarin; Martina Bortoletti; Daniela Bertotto. 2020. "Productive Results, Oxidative Stress and Contaminant Markers in European Sea Bass: Conventional vs. Organic Feeding." Animals 10, no. 7: 1226.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in ICES Journal of Marine Science
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The survival and development of bivalve larvae is adversely impacted by ocean acidification and Vibrio infection, indicating that bivalves need to simultaneously adapt to both stressors associated with anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we use a half-dial breeding design to estimate heritability (h2) for survival to Vibrio harveyi infection and larval shell length to aragonite undersaturated and normal conditions in laboratory-reared Crassostrea gigas. Phenotypic differences were observed between families for these traits with heritability estimated to be moderate for survival to V. harveyi challenge (h2 = 0.25) and low for shell length in corrosive (Ωaragonite = 0.9, h2 = 0.15) and normal conditions (Ωaragonite = 1.6, h2 = 0.15). Predicted breeding values for larval shell length are correlated between aragonite-undersaturated and normal conditions (Spearman r = 0.63, p < 0.05), indicating that larger larvae tend to do better in corrosive seawater. Aquaculture hatcheries routinely cull slow-growing larvae to reduce and synchronize time taken for larvae to metamorphose to spat, thus inadvertently applying size-related selection for larger larvae. This indirect selection in the hatchery populations provides a plausible explanation why domesticated oyster populations are less sensitive to ocean acidification.

ACS Style

Davide Nordio; Natalie Khtikian; Sean Andrews; Daniela Bertotto; Karen Leask; Timothy Green. Adaption potential of Crassostrea gigas to ocean acidification and disease caused by Vibrio harveyi. ICES Journal of Marine Science 2020, 78, 360 -367.

AMA Style

Davide Nordio, Natalie Khtikian, Sean Andrews, Daniela Bertotto, Karen Leask, Timothy Green. Adaption potential of Crassostrea gigas to ocean acidification and disease caused by Vibrio harveyi. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 2020; 78 (1):360-367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Nordio; Natalie Khtikian; Sean Andrews; Daniela Bertotto; Karen Leask; Timothy Green. 2020. "Adaption potential of Crassostrea gigas to ocean acidification and disease caused by Vibrio harveyi." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 1: 360-367.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Animals
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Under intensive rearing conditions, the welfare of broiler chickens may be at risk depending on genotype and sex, due to their different growth rates. The practice of quantitative feed restriction may also impact on welfare. This study aimed to evaluate behaviour and corticosterone content in plasma and faeces at different ages using 896 one-day-old chicks housed in 32 pens, allocated to 8 groups, i.e., 2 genotypes (standard vs. high breast yield) × 2 sex × 2 feeding plans (ad libitum vs. restricted, AL vs. FR). The feeding system affected the percentage of standing (9.84% vs. 11.7% in AL vs. FR; p ≤ 0.001), feeding (7.51% vs. 8.17%; p ≤ 0.01) and sitting/lying (67.0% vs. 64.1%; p ≤ 0.001), and the faeces corticosterone content (12.2 vs. 13.6 ng/g in AL vs. FR; p ≤ 0.10). Sex affected the percentage of pecking other chickens, standing and comfort behaviours. Changes in behaviour were recorded between high and standard breast yield genotypes with faeces corticosterone which tended to be higher in the former (p ≤ 0.10). Significant interactions between the main factors and age were observed. Major changes in behaviour were due to feed restriction, which stimulated activity during restriction.

ACS Style

Angela Trocino; Peter White; Francesco Bordignon; Valentina Ferrante; Daniela Bertotto; Marco Birolo; Giulio Pillan; Gerolamo Xiccato. Effect of Feed Restriction on the Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 830 .

AMA Style

Angela Trocino, Peter White, Francesco Bordignon, Valentina Ferrante, Daniela Bertotto, Marco Birolo, Giulio Pillan, Gerolamo Xiccato. Effect of Feed Restriction on the Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Trocino; Peter White; Francesco Bordignon; Valentina Ferrante; Daniela Bertotto; Marco Birolo; Giulio Pillan; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2020. "Effect of Feed Restriction on the Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 5: 830.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
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Flumequine was nano-immobilized by self-assembly on iron oxide nanoparticles, called surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs). The binding process was studied and the resulting core-shell nanocarrier ([email protected]) was structurally characterized evidencing a firmly immobilized organic canopy on which the fluorine atom of the antibiotic was exposed to the solvent. The antibiotic efficacy of the [email protected] nanocarrier was tested on a fish pathogenic bacterium (Aeromonas veronii), a flumequine sensitive strain, in comparison to soluble flumequine and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. Noteworthy, the MIC and MBC of soluble and nanoparticle bound drug were superimposable. Moreover, the interactions between [email protected] nanocarrrier and microorganism were studied by transmission electron microscopy evidencing the ability of the complex to disrupt the bacterial wall. Finally, a preliminary in vivo test was provided using Daphnia magna as animal model. [email protected] was able to protect the crustacean from the fatal consequences of a bacterial infection and showed no sign of toxicity. Thus, in contrast with the strength of the interaction, nano-immobilized FLU displayed a fully preserved antimicrobial activity suggesting the crucial role of fluorine in the drug mechanism of action. Besides the importance for potential applications in aquaculture, the present study contributes to the nascent field of nanoantibiotics.

ACS Style

Martina Bortoletti; Simone Molinari; Luca Fasolato; Juri Ugolotti; Roberta Tolosi; Andrea Venerando; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Marco De Liguoro; Gabriella Salviulo; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello; Massimiliano Magro. Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2020, 191, 111019 .

AMA Style

Martina Bortoletti, Simone Molinari, Luca Fasolato, Juri Ugolotti, Roberta Tolosi, Andrea Venerando, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto, Marco De Liguoro, Gabriella Salviulo, Radek Zboril, Fabio Vianello, Massimiliano Magro. Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2020; 191 ():111019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Bortoletti; Simone Molinari; Luca Fasolato; Juri Ugolotti; Roberta Tolosi; Andrea Venerando; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Marco De Liguoro; Gabriella Salviulo; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello; Massimiliano Magro. 2020. "Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 191, no. : 111019.

Regular paper
Published: 11 February 2020 in Journal of Fish Biology
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Environmental temperature is one of the critical factors affecting fish development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of three different rearing temperatures (16°C, 19°C and 22°C) throughout the endogenous feeding phase of the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. This was performed by assessing i) larval survival and growth, ii) immunofluorescence localization and expression of genes involved in muscle development and growth – myog and Igf1, and iii) stress status through the expression of thermal stress genes – Hsp70, Hsp90α and Hsp90β – and whole body cortisol. Overall survival rate and larval weight did not differ significantly across temperatures. Larvae subjected to 22°C showed faster absorption of the yolk‐sac than larvae subjected to 19°C or 16°C. Both at schooling and at the end of the trial, larvae reared at 16°C showed significantly lower levels of cortisol than those reared at 19°C or 22°C. IGF‐1 immunopositivity was particularly evident in red muscle at schooling stage in all temperatures. The expression of all Hsps as well as the myog and Igf1 genes was statistically higher in larvae reared at 16°C but limited to the schooling stage. Cortisol levels were higher in larvae at 22°C, probably because of the higher metabolism demand rather than a stress response. The observed apparent incongruity between Hsps gene expression and cortisol levels could be due to the lack of a mature system. Further studies are necessary, especially regarding the exogenous feeding phase, in order to better understand if this species is actually sensitive to thermal stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. How different rearing temperatures affect growth and stress status of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 2020, 96, 913 -924.

AMA Style

Lucia Aidos, Alessandra Cafiso, Daniela Bertotto, Chiara Bazzocchi, Giuseppe Radaelli, Alessia Di Giancamillo. How different rearing temperatures affect growth and stress status of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae. Journal of Fish Biology. 2020; 96 (4):913-924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucia Aidos; Alessandra Cafiso; Daniela Bertotto; Chiara Bazzocchi; Giuseppe Radaelli; Alessia Di Giancamillo. 2020. "How different rearing temperatures affect growth and stress status of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae." Journal of Fish Biology 96, no. 4: 913-924.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2019 in Aquaculture
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Bivalve molluscs are filter-feeders and have a wide range of phytoplankton species as main food source. Some of these species are toxic, producing the so-called phycotoxins, that can get concentrated in edible parts of mussels, oysters, scallops, and clams, causing severe intoxication syndromes in consumers. Since 2008, harmful algae and phycotoxins occurrence related to three shellfish poisoning syndromes: Diarrhetic (DSP), Amnesic (ASP), and Paralytic (PSP) shellfish poisonings have been monitored in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify representative sampling areas from which shellfish samples should be collected each round of the monitoring cycle and (2) to define an alternative sampling strategy for phycotoxins detection that requires less samples and/or smaller pool sizes according to different laboratorial methods officially recognized. Using geographic information system, we designed 24 sampling areas. To calculate sample sizes for phycotoxins detection in mollusc soft tissues, we simulated six scenarios with different values of prevalence and test sensitivity. Considering High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and mice bioassays, the most realist scenario was the one of ≥20% of prevalence and highly sensitive tests, which resulted in one pool of 20 Perna perna mussels each to detect ASP toxins, two pools of 15 to detect PSP, and two pools of 30 to detect Lipophilic Toxins (DSP + Yessotoxin). With the use of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, only one pool of 15 mussels would be enough for target phycotoxins detection. The strategy of sampling using the defined areas associated with LC-MS/MS analysis requires less samples and a smaller pool size without losing area representativeness and surveillance system sensitivity.

ACS Style

I. Fontana; M.K.V.C. Delphino; P.M. Sesterhenn; D. Bertotto; V.S.P. Gonçalves; F. Ferreira. A sampling plan for phycotoxins surveillance in bivalve mollusc farms along the Santa Catarina coast, Brazil. Aquaculture 2019, 518, 734732 .

AMA Style

I. Fontana, M.K.V.C. Delphino, P.M. Sesterhenn, D. Bertotto, V.S.P. Gonçalves, F. Ferreira. A sampling plan for phycotoxins surveillance in bivalve mollusc farms along the Santa Catarina coast, Brazil. Aquaculture. 2019; 518 ():734732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Fontana; M.K.V.C. Delphino; P.M. Sesterhenn; D. Bertotto; V.S.P. Gonçalves; F. Ferreira. 2019. "A sampling plan for phycotoxins surveillance in bivalve mollusc farms along the Santa Catarina coast, Brazil." Aquaculture 518, no. : 734732.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Poultry Science
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During recent years, research on meat quality in poultry has aimed to evaluate the presence and consequences of breast myopathies as well as the factors which can affect their occurrence by modifying the growth rate. A total of 900 broiler chickens were reared until slaughter (48 D) to evaluate the effect of 2 genetic lines (A vs. B) and feeding plans (ad libitum [AL], early restricted [ER], from 13 to 23 D of age, and late restricted [LR], from 27 to 37 D of age; restriction rate: 80%) on performance, meat quality, and breast muscle myopathies. Calsequestrin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions, and muscle fiber degeneration (MFD) were recorded at 22, 36, and 48 D. Chickens in the AL treatment had greater final live (P < 0.01) and carcass weights and proportion of pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.04) compared to chickens in the LR treatment, whereas chickens in the ER treatment had intermediate final live (3,454 g) and carcass weights, and proportion of pectoralis major muscle (25.6%). Chickens of line A were heavier than chickens of line B (P < 0.001), and had a greater feed conversion rate. Chickens of line A also had a greater dressing out percentage (P < 0.001), but a lower proportion of pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.04), as well as a greater meat pH (P < 0.001), meat cooking losses (P < 0.01), and shear force of the pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.03). Calsequestrin and VEGF mRNA were significantly lower in ER and LR chickens compared to AL chickens after feed restriction and during refeeding (P < 0.05). MFD scores increased with chicken age (P < 0.001) and differed between genetic lines (P < 0.001). Neither feeding plan nor genetic line affected the occurrence of white striping or wooden breast condition.

ACS Style

F Gratta; M Birolo; R Sacchetto; G Radaelli; G Xiccato; C Ballarin; Daniela Bertotto; A Piccirillo; M Petracci; L Maertens; A Trocino. Effect of feed restriction timing on live performance, breast myopathy occurrence, and muscle fiber degeneration in 2 broiler chicken genetic lines. Poultry Science 2019, 98, 5465 -5476.

AMA Style

F Gratta, M Birolo, R Sacchetto, G Radaelli, G Xiccato, C Ballarin, Daniela Bertotto, A Piccirillo, M Petracci, L Maertens, A Trocino. Effect of feed restriction timing on live performance, breast myopathy occurrence, and muscle fiber degeneration in 2 broiler chicken genetic lines. Poultry Science. 2019; 98 (11):5465-5476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F Gratta; M Birolo; R Sacchetto; G Radaelli; G Xiccato; C Ballarin; Daniela Bertotto; A Piccirillo; M Petracci; L Maertens; A Trocino. 2019. "Effect of feed restriction timing on live performance, breast myopathy occurrence, and muscle fiber degeneration in 2 broiler chicken genetic lines." Poultry Science 98, no. 11: 5465-5476.

Research article
Published: 29 January 2019 in Biomacromolecules
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The ability of peculiar iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to evade the immune system was demonstrated in vivo. The nanomaterial was provided directly into the farming water of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the distribution of IONPs and the delivery of oxytetracycline (OTC) was studied evidencing the successful overcoming of the intestinal barrier and the specific and prolonged (28 days) organotropic delivery of OTC to the fish ovary. Noteworthy, no sign of adverse effects was observed. In fish blood, IONPs were able to specifically bind apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and molecular modelling showed the structural analogy between the [email protected] A1 nano-conjugate and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Thus, the preservation of the biological identity of the protein explains the observed overcoming of the intestinal barrier, the great biocompatibity of the nanomaterial and the prolonged drug delivery (benefitting of the lipoprotein transport route). The present study promises novel and unexpected stealth materials in nanomedicine.

ACS Style

Massimiliano Magro; Davide Baratella; Emanuela Bonaiuto; Jessica De Almeida Roger; Giulia Chemello; Sonia Pasquaroli; Leonardo Mancini; Ike Olivotto; Giorgio Zoppellaro; Juri Ugolotti; Claudia Aparicio; Anna P. Fifi; Giorgio Cozza; Giovanni Miotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello. Stealth Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Organotropic Drug Targeting. Biomacromolecules 2019, 20, 1375 -1384.

AMA Style

Massimiliano Magro, Davide Baratella, Emanuela Bonaiuto, Jessica De Almeida Roger, Giulia Chemello, Sonia Pasquaroli, Leonardo Mancini, Ike Olivotto, Giorgio Zoppellaro, Juri Ugolotti, Claudia Aparicio, Anna P. Fifi, Giorgio Cozza, Giovanni Miotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto, Radek Zboril, Fabio Vianello. Stealth Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Organotropic Drug Targeting. Biomacromolecules. 2019; 20 (3):1375-1384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimiliano Magro; Davide Baratella; Emanuela Bonaiuto; Jessica De Almeida Roger; Giulia Chemello; Sonia Pasquaroli; Leonardo Mancini; Ike Olivotto; Giorgio Zoppellaro; Juri Ugolotti; Claudia Aparicio; Anna P. Fifi; Giorgio Cozza; Giovanni Miotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Daniela Bertotto; Radek Zboril; Fabio Vianello. 2019. "Stealth Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Organotropic Drug Targeting." Biomacromolecules 20, no. 3: 1375-1384.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The Venice Lagoon is an interesting example of an ecosystem suffering for a considerable anthropogenic impact, resulting in high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in lagoon sediments and seafood. In this context, biomonitoring is a crucially important task. The present study aimed at evaluating the validity of a multiple biomarker approach in a benthic fish species. A total of 567 Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Gobiidae) fish were collected in spring and autumn from three areas of Venice Lagoon (Porto Marghera, Val di Brenta, and Cà Roman) showing high, intermediate and low amounts of POPs, respectively Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA levels, CYP1A protein amount and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD) were measured in pooled liver and gills (mRNA levels only). Such biological data were then compared with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues, measured in grass goby muscle by gas chromatography. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A mRNAs, protein and EROD were upregulated in accordance with PCB amounts measured in Z. ophiocephalus muscles. In fact, the highest AHR and CYP1A induction was observed in fish sampled in close proximity of the industrial area of Porto Marghera. Overall, the present study confirm the grass goby as a reliable sentinel species for Venice Lagoon, and AHR/CYP1A/EROD as a sensitive set of biomarkers of exposure for AHR ligands.

ACS Style

Marianna Pauletto; Rosa M. Lopparelli; Sara Pegolo; Mariachiara Armani; Eleonora Zorzan; Mery Giantin; Daniela Bertotto; Federica Gallocchio; Vanessa Zancanella; Francesca Capolongo; Giovanni Binato; Franco Mutinelli; Mauro Dacasto. Significance of the goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus as a sentinel species for Venice Lagoon contamination: Combining biomarker responses and bioaccumulation. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 660, 959 -973.

AMA Style

Marianna Pauletto, Rosa M. Lopparelli, Sara Pegolo, Mariachiara Armani, Eleonora Zorzan, Mery Giantin, Daniela Bertotto, Federica Gallocchio, Vanessa Zancanella, Francesca Capolongo, Giovanni Binato, Franco Mutinelli, Mauro Dacasto. Significance of the goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus as a sentinel species for Venice Lagoon contamination: Combining biomarker responses and bioaccumulation. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 660 ():959-973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marianna Pauletto; Rosa M. Lopparelli; Sara Pegolo; Mariachiara Armani; Eleonora Zorzan; Mery Giantin; Daniela Bertotto; Federica Gallocchio; Vanessa Zancanella; Francesca Capolongo; Giovanni Binato; Franco Mutinelli; Mauro Dacasto. 2019. "Significance of the goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus as a sentinel species for Venice Lagoon contamination: Combining biomarker responses and bioaccumulation." Science of The Total Environment 660, no. : 959-973.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2018 in Aquaculture
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The present study evaluates the effect of dietary barley, based on its potential stress-relieving properties, on rainbow trout under acute stress challenge (hypoxia and crowding) and their recovery. Diets were formulated containing increasing barley concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, 32%). Cortisol on plasma and fin, glucose and lactate plasma levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle were determined under normoxia before the stress test (basal levels), 30 min after the acute stress challenge and also during normoxia recovery (6 and 12 h after the stress). Results showed that at basal levels the inclusion of barley had no influence on cortisol, glucose nor on lactate values. After 30 min from the stress challenge, there was a significant increase in cortisol, glucose and lactate concentration in fish of all groups. Plasma cortisol showed the lowest levels in fish fed with diets at a medium (8%) of barley concentration and returned to basal levels 6 h after the stress stimulus with no differences between diets. Glucose values showed a less clear tendency 30 min after the stress challenge with lower levels in the control group, fish fed with 8% and 32% of barley in the diets and returned to basal levels in almost all the groups only 12 h after the stress challenge. Lactate showed the same trend as with glucose after the stress challenge but it returned to basal levels in 6 h. Interestingly, there was a significant decrease of lipid oxidation (MDA) in muscle soon after the stress test of fish fed with the highest barley levels. The present results suggest a potential positive effect of dietary barley on trout stress response.

ACS Style

Julia Pinedo-Gil; Ana Belén Martín-Diana; Daniela Bertotto; Miguel Ángel Sanz-Calvo; Miguel Jover-Cerdá; Ana Tomás-Vidal. Effects of dietary barley on rainbow trout exposed to an acute stress challenge. Aquaculture 2018, 501, 32 -38.

AMA Style

Julia Pinedo-Gil, Ana Belén Martín-Diana, Daniela Bertotto, Miguel Ángel Sanz-Calvo, Miguel Jover-Cerdá, Ana Tomás-Vidal. Effects of dietary barley on rainbow trout exposed to an acute stress challenge. Aquaculture. 2018; 501 ():32-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julia Pinedo-Gil; Ana Belén Martín-Diana; Daniela Bertotto; Miguel Ángel Sanz-Calvo; Miguel Jover-Cerdá; Ana Tomás-Vidal. 2018. "Effects of dietary barley on rainbow trout exposed to an acute stress challenge." Aquaculture 501, no. : 32-38.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2018 in Animal Reproduction Science
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Sperm density and performance of wild and farmed male European eels were evaluated to investigate the effect of maintenance in captivity on ejaculate quality. Hormonal stimulation (with human chorionic gonadotropin) lasted for 17 weeks. Different origins of the male European eels partially influenced the quality of the ejaculates. Indeed, wild animals (i.e., collected at a natural site) had greater sperm longevity during the hormonal stimulation, whereas there was no significant effect of the origin on sperm density, spermatocrit, the percentage of motile sperm, and plasma testosterone concentrations. The different origins of the males also affected fatty acid sperm content, with greater unsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 concentrations in wild eels and lesser concentrations of saturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids in farmed eels. Regarding sperm quality of European eels, this is the first study that takes into account the effect of different origins of stimulated males (wild-caught compared with farmed) on sperm quality, and these findings may help to improve the production of high-quality gametes in this endangered species.

ACS Style

L. Locatello; D. Bertotto; R. Cerri; A. Parmeggiani; N. Govoni; A. Trocino; G. Xiccato; O. Mordenti. Sperm quality in wild-caught and farmed males of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Animal Reproduction Science 2018, 198, 167 -176.

AMA Style

L. Locatello, D. Bertotto, R. Cerri, A. Parmeggiani, N. Govoni, A. Trocino, G. Xiccato, O. Mordenti. Sperm quality in wild-caught and farmed males of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Animal Reproduction Science. 2018; 198 ():167-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Locatello; D. Bertotto; R. Cerri; A. Parmeggiani; N. Govoni; A. Trocino; G. Xiccato; O. Mordenti. 2018. "Sperm quality in wild-caught and farmed males of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)." Animal Reproduction Science 198, no. : 167-176.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2018 in Communications Biology
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Sexual dimorphism is a fascinating subject in evolutionary biology and mostly results from sex-biased expression of genes, which have been shown to evolve faster in gonochoristic species. We report here genome and sex-specific transcriptome sequencing of Sparus aurata, a sequential hermaphrodite fish. Evolutionary comparative analysis reveals that sex-biased genes in S. aurata are similar in number and function, but evolved following strikingly divergent patterns compared with gonochoristic species, showing overall slower rates because of stronger functional constraints. Fast evolution is observed only for highly ovary-biased genes due to female-specific patterns of selection that are related to the peculiar reproduction mode of S. aurata, first maturing as male, then as female. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first genome-wide analysis on sex-biased loci in a hermaphrodite vertebrate species, demonstrating how having two sexes in the same individual profoundly affects the fate of a large set of evolutionarily relevant genes.

ACS Style

Marianna Pauletto; Tereza Manousaki; Serena Ferraresso; Massimiliano Babbucci; Alexandros Tsakogiannis; Bruno Louro; Nicola Vitulo; Viet Ha Quoc; Roberta Carraro; Daniela Bertotto; Rafaella Franch; Francesco Maroso; Muhammad L. Aslam; Anna K. Sonesson; Barbara Simionati; Giorgio Malacrida; Alessandro Cestaro; Stefano Caberlotto; Elena Sarropoulou; Costantinos C. Mylonas; Deborah M. Power; Tomaso Patarnello; Adelino V. M. Canario; Costas Tsigenopoulos; Luca Bargelloni. Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish. Communications Biology 2018, 1, 119 .

AMA Style

Marianna Pauletto, Tereza Manousaki, Serena Ferraresso, Massimiliano Babbucci, Alexandros Tsakogiannis, Bruno Louro, Nicola Vitulo, Viet Ha Quoc, Roberta Carraro, Daniela Bertotto, Rafaella Franch, Francesco Maroso, Muhammad L. Aslam, Anna K. Sonesson, Barbara Simionati, Giorgio Malacrida, Alessandro Cestaro, Stefano Caberlotto, Elena Sarropoulou, Costantinos C. Mylonas, Deborah M. Power, Tomaso Patarnello, Adelino V. M. Canario, Costas Tsigenopoulos, Luca Bargelloni. Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish. Communications Biology. 2018; 1 (1):119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marianna Pauletto; Tereza Manousaki; Serena Ferraresso; Massimiliano Babbucci; Alexandros Tsakogiannis; Bruno Louro; Nicola Vitulo; Viet Ha Quoc; Roberta Carraro; Daniela Bertotto; Rafaella Franch; Francesco Maroso; Muhammad L. Aslam; Anna K. Sonesson; Barbara Simionati; Giorgio Malacrida; Alessandro Cestaro; Stefano Caberlotto; Elena Sarropoulou; Costantinos C. Mylonas; Deborah M. Power; Tomaso Patarnello; Adelino V. M. Canario; Costas Tsigenopoulos; Luca Bargelloni. 2018. "Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish." Communications Biology 1, no. 1: 119.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Meat Science
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In growing rabbits (n = 320; 84 d of age), an increase in the journey duration to the slaughterhouse from 1 h to 3 h under mild climatic conditions (10–13 °C; 75–90% relative humidity) affected several stress indicators in the plasma and muscle collected at slaughter (cortisol; corticosterone; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; lactate; heat shock protein 70 kDa, HSP70; osmolality, and Na) (0.001 < P < .05), reduced muscle L*, b* (P < .01), and meat shear force (P < .05), and increased the dressing out percentage and muscle pH (P < .01). An increase in the lairage duration before slaughtering from 30 min to 3 h affected muscle cortisol and plasma creatinine kinase, LDH, lactate, and HSP70 (0.001 < P < .05), increased dressing out percentage and muscle pH (P < .05), but decreased meat shear force (P < .001). The interaction between journey and lairage duration was significant for several stress indicators and meat quality.

ACS Style

Angela Trocino; Cristina Zomeño; Marco Birolo; Guido Di Martino; Annalisa Stefani; Lebana Bonfanti; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Gratta; Gerolamo Xiccato. Impact of pre-slaughter transport conditions on stress response, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing rabbits. Meat Science 2018, 146, 68 -74.

AMA Style

Angela Trocino, Cristina Zomeño, Marco Birolo, Guido Di Martino, Annalisa Stefani, Lebana Bonfanti, Daniela Bertotto, Francesco Gratta, Gerolamo Xiccato. Impact of pre-slaughter transport conditions on stress response, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing rabbits. Meat Science. 2018; 146 ():68-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Trocino; Cristina Zomeño; Marco Birolo; Guido Di Martino; Annalisa Stefani; Lebana Bonfanti; Daniela Bertotto; Francesco Gratta; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2018. "Impact of pre-slaughter transport conditions on stress response, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing rabbits." Meat Science 146, no. : 68-74.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2018 in World Rabbit Science
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At 33 d of age, 376 crossbred rabbits of both genders were housed in sex-mixed groups in 16 open-top collective pens (1.68 m2) in a factorial arrangement, with 2 types of flooring (wooden slats vs. plastic grid, W vs. P) and 2 stocking densities (12 vs. 16 animals/m2). Behavioural recordings (time budget), reactivity towards unknown humans (tonic immobility and human approach tests) and environment (open-field and novel object tests) and hair and faeces sampling for corticosterone analysis were performed during the 8th wk of age and at a pre-slaughter age (during the 11-12th wk of age). The effects of age and gender were also taken into account. Rabbits housed in W pens rested more in the crouched position (41.4 vs. 35.5% of the observed time) (P<0.001) and showed lower allogrooming (P=0.05), running (P<0.01) and biting pen elements (P=0.01) than those housed in P pens. The percentage of rabbits that interacted with humans during the human approach test (24.0 vs. 48.1% of rabbits in the pen; P<0.01) and number of rabbit-object contacts during the novel object test (on av. 50.4 vs. 87.2; P<0.001) were lower for rabbits in W pens compared to those in P pens. During the open-field test, the percentage of rabbits that spontaneously entered the arena was lower for rabbits from W pens than for those from P pens (60.0 vs. 72.5%; P<0.05). Finally, the hair corticosterone level was higher in the former than in the latter rabbits (on av. 14.0 vs. 12.5 ng/g; P<0.05). As the stocking density increased, only the time spent resting increased (66.7 to 69.1% observed time; P<0.01), and the percentage of rabbits that spontaneously entered the arena during the open-field test decreased (73.8 to 58.8%; P<0.01). When age increased, the rabbits were less active at the reactivity tests and interacted less with an unknown object or person. Differences according to gender were weak. In conclusion, the wooden slatted floor challenged the welfare of growing rabbits as it constrained their movement, conditioned their reactivity towards a new environment, and increased their stress level, whereas the increase in stocking density did not impair rabbit welfare.

ACS Style

Angela Trocino; Eirini Filiou; Cristina Zomeño; Marco Birolo; Daniela Bertotto; Gerolamo Xiccato. Behaviour and reactivity of growing rabbits housed in collective pens: Effects of floor type and stocking density at different ages. World Rabbit Science 2018, 26, 135 -147.

AMA Style

Angela Trocino, Eirini Filiou, Cristina Zomeño, Marco Birolo, Daniela Bertotto, Gerolamo Xiccato. Behaviour and reactivity of growing rabbits housed in collective pens: Effects of floor type and stocking density at different ages. World Rabbit Science. 2018; 26 (2):135-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Trocino; Eirini Filiou; Cristina Zomeño; Marco Birolo; Daniela Bertotto; Gerolamo Xiccato. 2018. "Behaviour and reactivity of growing rabbits housed in collective pens: Effects of floor type and stocking density at different ages." World Rabbit Science 26, no. 2: 135-147.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
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The Gulf of La Spezia (northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is a commercially important area both as a shipping port and for mussel farming. Recently, there has been increased concern over environmental disturbances caused by anthropogenic activities such as ship traffic and dredging and the effects they have on the health of farmed mussels. This paper reports the results of microbiological and histological analyses, as well as of measurement of several biomarkers which were performed to assess the health status of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from four rearing sites in the Gulf of La Spezia. Mussels were collected between October 2015 and September 2016 and histological analyses (including gonadal maturation stage), as well as the presence of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio splendidus clade, V. aestuarianus and V. harveyi), viruses (Herpes virus and ostreid Herpes virus 1) and protozoa (Marteilia spp., in the summer season only) were carried out on a monthly basis. Conversely, biomarker responses in haemocyte/haemolymph (total haemocyte count, haemocyte diameter and volume, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase activities in cell-free haemolymph, and micronuclei frequency) and in gills and digestive gland (cortisol-like steroids and lipid peroxidation levels), were evaluated bimonthly. Microbiological data indicated that mussels contain a reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa that in certain environmental conditions may cause a weakening of the immune system of animals leading to mortality episodes. The percentage of parasites detected in the mussels was generally low (9.6% for Steinhausia mytilovum, that is 17 samples out of 177 examined females; 3.4% for Proctoeces maculatus; 0.9% for Mytilicola intestinalis and 2% for ciliated protozoa), while symbiont loads were higher (31% for Eugymnanthea inquilina and Urastoma cyprinae). Interestingly, a previously undescribed haplosporidian was detected in a single mussel sample (0.2%) and was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Cells morphologically similar to Perkinsus sp. trophozoites were observed in 0.7% of the mussels analysed; however, infection with Perkinsus spp. could neither be confirmed by ISH nor by PCR. Different pathological aspects, such as host defence responses and regressive/progressive changes were detected in the gills, digestive glands, gonads and mantle. Only one single case of disseminated neoplasia (0.2%) was observed. As for the biomarker evaluation, the MANOVA analysis revealed the statistically significant effect that the variable "sampling site" had on the biological parameter measured, thus suggesting that the multibiomarker approach was able to differentiate the rearing sites.

ACS Style

Valerio Matozzo; Carlo Ercolini; Laura Serracca; Roberta Battistini; Irene Rossini; Giulia Granato; Elisabetta Quaglieri; Alberto Perolo; Livio Finos; Giuseppe Arcangeli; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Bruno Chollet; Isabelle Arzul; Francesco Quaglio. Assessing the health status of farmed mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 2018, 153, 165 -179.

AMA Style

Valerio Matozzo, Carlo Ercolini, Laura Serracca, Roberta Battistini, Irene Rossini, Giulia Granato, Elisabetta Quaglieri, Alberto Perolo, Livio Finos, Giuseppe Arcangeli, Daniela Bertotto, Giuseppe Radaelli, Bruno Chollet, Isabelle Arzul, Francesco Quaglio. Assessing the health status of farmed mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2018; 153 ():165-179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valerio Matozzo; Carlo Ercolini; Laura Serracca; Roberta Battistini; Irene Rossini; Giulia Granato; Elisabetta Quaglieri; Alberto Perolo; Livio Finos; Giuseppe Arcangeli; Daniela Bertotto; Giuseppe Radaelli; Bruno Chollet; Isabelle Arzul; Francesco Quaglio. 2018. "Assessing the health status of farmed mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 153, no. : 165-179.