The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has a highly conserved non-structural protein 12 (NSP-12) involved in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. For the identification of potential inhibitors for NSP-12, computational approaches such as the identification of homologous proteins that have been previously targeted by FDA-approved antivirals can be employed. Herein, homologous proteins of NSP-12 were retrieved from Protein DataBank (PDB) and the evolutionary conserved sequence and structure similarity of the active site of the RdRp domain of NSP-12 was characterized. The identified homologous structures of NSP-12 belonged to four viral families: Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, and Caliciviridae, and shared evolutionary conserved relationships. The multiple sequences and structural alignment of homologous structures showed highly conserved amino acid residues that were located at the active site of the RdRp domain of NSP-12. The conserved active site of the RdRp domain of NSP-12 was evaluated for binding affinity with the FDA-approved antivirals, i.e., Sofosbuvir and Dasabuvir in a molecular docking study. The molecular docking of Sofosbuvir and Dasabuvir with the active site that contains conserved motifs (motif A-G) of the RdRp domain of NSP-12 revealed significant binding affinity. Furthermore, MD simulation also inferred the potency of Sofosbuvir and Dasabuvir. In conclusion, targeting the active site of the RdRp domain of NSP-12 with Dasabuvir and Sofosbuvir might reduce viral replication and pathogenicity and could be further studied for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, presenting significant challenges to healthcare systems due to its complexity and the limitations of current therapeutic strategies. Despite advancements in anticancer drug development, monotherapies often fail to provide long-term efficacy due to the emergence of drug resistance. This resistance is primarily due to the activation of compensatory pathways in cancer cells, which allows them to bypass the effects of single-target therapies. To overcome this, targeting multiple key proteins simultaneously has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes and address resistance mechanisms. In this study, 2-Phenylindole derivatives were explored as MCF7 breast cancer cell line inhibitors using 3D-QSAR modeling to design more effective compounds. The CoMSIA/ SEHDA model demonstrated high reliability (R² = 0.967) and a strong Leave-One-Out cross-validation coefficient (Q² = 0.814), further validated by external testing (R²_Pred = 0.722). Six new compounds with potent inhibitory activity were designed, and their favorable ADMET profiles were confirmed. Molecular docking studies revealed that the newly designed compounds exhibited better binding affinities (−7.2 to −9.8 kcal/mol) to key cancer-related targets (CDK2, EGFR, and Tubulin) compared to the reference drug and the most active molecule (molecule 39) in the dataset. Additionally, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the best-docked complexes, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for anticancer drug development.

We reported herein efficient economic high-pressure synthesis procedures for the synthesis of bis(azoles) and bis(azines) by utilizing the bis(enaminone) intermediate. Bis(enaminone) reacted with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, guanidine hydrochloride, urea, thiourea, and malononitrile to form the desired bis azines and bis azoles. A combination of elemental analyses and spectral data was used to confirm the structures of the products. Compared with conventional heating, the high-pressure Q-Tube method promotes reactions in a short period of time and provides high yields.

A novel approach to the synthesis of functionally substituted pyrazolopyrimidine, utilizing Ultrasound irradiation (US), microwave energy, and reaction under pressure in Q-tube as green and environmentally friendly techniques. The reaction time and yield of the products were compared in the three methods. A new compound, 5-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one was synthesized by conducting a Biginelli reaction under ultrasound irradiation. By following a reaction between an enaminones, aromatic aldehydes, and urea, in acetic acid, we observed that product obtained was dependent on applied reaction conditions in the presence of ammonium acetate. 1,3,5-triaroylbenzene was formed under pressure in Q-tube. Ultrasound irradiation of the same mixture led to a different end product. The chemical structures of these reaction products were firmly established using X-ray crystallography. In addition, a reaction mechanism to account for the formation of the observed effect was proposed.

Q-tube assisted multicomponent synthesis of novel arylhydrazonals, pyridazines and nicotinates has been explored. The target molecules have been prepared via one pot reaction of arylhydrazonals with activated methylene nitriles in either ethanolic piperidine, dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD), 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), or Ph₃P under pressure. Such conditions make reaction time much shorter and yields higher as compared with those conducted under conventional conditions. The structures of products have been determined by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods.