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Background Observational comparative effectiveness studies in allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represent an important evidence source answering research questions that can be challenging to obtain from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such as long-term benefits of AIT, the effects on asthma prevention and the onset of new allergen sensitizations. However, observational studies are prone to several sources of bias, which limit their reliability. The REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool (RELEVANT) was recently developed to assist in quality appraisal of observational comparative research to enable identification of useful nonrandomized studies to be considered within guideline development. Objective To systematically appraise the quality of published observational comparative AIT studies using RELEVANT. Methods Observational studies comparing AIT to pharmacotherapy for respiratory allergies, assessing as outcome measures reduction of symptoms and/or medication use reduction, were retrieved by computerized bibliographic searches. According to RELEVANT, a failure to meet any one of primary items (background, design, measures, analysis, results, discussion/interpretation, and conflict of interest) represents a critical flaw, significantly undermining the validity of the study results. Results The 14 studies identified supported the benefit of AIT in real-life, which persists after treatment discontinuation. However, none of them met all the 7 primary RELEVANT criteria. The main defects were reported in the design (28.6% of studies), measures and analysis (64.3% of studies), and results (78.6% of studies) items, due to selection bias and lack of methods for adjusting controls. Half of the studies did not report on conflict of interest. Conclusion There is a need for more robust observational research in AIT. RELEVANT appears as an easy-to-use and sensitive tool for quality appraisal in AIT studies.
Danilo Di Bona; Giovanni Paoletti; Derek K. Chu; Jack Pepys; Luigi Macchia; Enrico Heffler; Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy: Quality appraisal of observational comparative effectiveness studies using the REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool. An EAACI methodology committee analysis. Clinical and Translational Allergy 2021, 11, e12033 .
AMA StyleDanilo Di Bona, Giovanni Paoletti, Derek K. Chu, Jack Pepys, Luigi Macchia, Enrico Heffler, Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy: Quality appraisal of observational comparative effectiveness studies using the REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool. An EAACI methodology committee analysis. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2021; 11 (4):e12033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanilo Di Bona; Giovanni Paoletti; Derek K. Chu; Jack Pepys; Luigi Macchia; Enrico Heffler; Giorgio Walter Canonica. 2021. "Allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy: Quality appraisal of observational comparative effectiveness studies using the REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool. An EAACI methodology committee analysis." Clinical and Translational Allergy 11, no. 4: e12033.
The enigmatic eosinophil has emerged as an exciting component of the immune system, involved in a plethora of homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Substantial progress has been achieved through experimental systems manipulating eosinophils in vivo, initially in mice and more recently in humans. Researchers using eosinophil knockout mice have identified a contributory role for eosinophils in basal and inflammatory processes and protective immunity. Primarily fueled by the purported proinflammatory role of eosinophils in eosinophil-associated diseases, a series of anti-eosinophil therapeutics have emerged as a new class of drugs. These agents, which dramatically deplete eosinophils, provide a valuable opportunity to characterize the consequences of eosinophil knockout humans. Herein, we comparatively describe mouse and human eosinophil knockouts. We put forth the view that human eosinophils negatively contribute to a variety of diseases and, unlike mouse eosinophils, do not yet have an identified role in physiological health; thus, clarifying all roles of eosinophils remains an ongoing pursuit.
Elizabeth A. Jacobsen; David J. Jackson; Enrico Heffler; Sameer K. Mathur; Albert J. Bredenoord; Ian D. Pavord; Praveen Akuthota; Florence Roufosse; Marc E. Rothenberg. Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies. Annual Review of Immunology 2021, 39, 719 -757.
AMA StyleElizabeth A. Jacobsen, David J. Jackson, Enrico Heffler, Sameer K. Mathur, Albert J. Bredenoord, Ian D. Pavord, Praveen Akuthota, Florence Roufosse, Marc E. Rothenberg. Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies. Annual Review of Immunology. 2021; 39 (1):719-757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth A. Jacobsen; David J. Jackson; Enrico Heffler; Sameer K. Mathur; Albert J. Bredenoord; Ian D. Pavord; Praveen Akuthota; Florence Roufosse; Marc E. Rothenberg. 2021. "Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies." Annual Review of Immunology 39, no. 1: 719-757.
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has deeply revolutionized our lives and consequently the management of patients, specifically ones with severe asthma. Objective: A survey was conducted to evaluate the effects on adherence, exacerbations and quality of life in patients with severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 100 severe asthma patients, who accepted to participate to the survey, were asked to respond to different questionnaires in order to assess asthma symptoms (Asthma Control Test – ACT, and Asthma Control Quality – ACQ) and rino-sinusal ones (Sino-nasal outcome test – SNOT-22). Results: 31 out of 100 patients reported worsening of respiratory symptoms requiring a step-up in therapy dosage or frequency during the observational period; however, exacerbation rate was very low. Only 17 (17%) of the 100 participants experienced a severe asthma exacerbation. Moreover, there was no confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in this population. Conclusion: Patients with severe asthma did not show higher rates of exacerbations during the pandemic outbreak as well as no increased risk of contracting COVID-19 infection or developing the disease. Self-administration of biological drugs could be useful to maintain high rates of adherence to therapy, and, at the same time, to decrease the risk of exacerbations or Intensive Care Unit (ICU) room access.
Cristiano Caruso; Stefania Colantuono; Sara Urbani; Enrico Heffler; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Gloria Andriollo; Loreta Di Michele; Simone Scarlata; Danila Zennaro; Amelia Rigon; Marta Vadacca; Rossana Moroni; Eleonora Nucera; Antonio Gasbarrini. Real-life survey on severe asthma patients during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2021, 15, 1057 -1060.
AMA StyleCristiano Caruso, Stefania Colantuono, Sara Urbani, Enrico Heffler, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Gloria Andriollo, Loreta Di Michele, Simone Scarlata, Danila Zennaro, Amelia Rigon, Marta Vadacca, Rossana Moroni, Eleonora Nucera, Antonio Gasbarrini. Real-life survey on severe asthma patients during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 2021; 15 (8):1057-1060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano Caruso; Stefania Colantuono; Sara Urbani; Enrico Heffler; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Gloria Andriollo; Loreta Di Michele; Simone Scarlata; Danila Zennaro; Amelia Rigon; Marta Vadacca; Rossana Moroni; Eleonora Nucera; Antonio Gasbarrini. 2021. "Real-life survey on severe asthma patients during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy." Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 15, no. 8: 1057-1060.
Enrico Heffler; Aikaterini Detoraki; Marco Contoli; Alberto Papi; Giovanni Paoletti; Giacomo Malipiero; Luisa Brussino; Claudia Crimi; Daniela Morrone; Marianna Padovani; Giuseppe Guida; Alberto Giovanni Gerli; Stefano Centanni; Gianenrico Senna; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; SANI Working Group. Reply to: Kow CS et al. Are severe asthma patients at higher risk of developing severe outcomes from COVID‐19? Allergy 2021, 76, 961 -962.
AMA StyleEnrico Heffler, Aikaterini Detoraki, Marco Contoli, Alberto Papi, Giovanni Paoletti, Giacomo Malipiero, Luisa Brussino, Claudia Crimi, Daniela Morrone, Marianna Padovani, Giuseppe Guida, Alberto Giovanni Gerli, Stefano Centanni, Gianenrico Senna, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Walter Canonica, SANI Working Group. Reply to: Kow CS et al. Are severe asthma patients at higher risk of developing severe outcomes from COVID‐19? Allergy. 2021; 76 (3):961-962.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrico Heffler; Aikaterini Detoraki; Marco Contoli; Alberto Papi; Giovanni Paoletti; Giacomo Malipiero; Luisa Brussino; Claudia Crimi; Daniela Morrone; Marianna Padovani; Giuseppe Guida; Alberto Giovanni Gerli; Stefano Centanni; Gianenrico Senna; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; SANI Working Group. 2021. "Reply to: Kow CS et al. Are severe asthma patients at higher risk of developing severe outcomes from COVID‐19?" Allergy 76, no. 3: 961-962.
Background As in many fields of medical care, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) resulted in an increased uncertainty regarding the safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Therefore, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) aimed to analyze the situation in different countries and systematically collect all information available regarding tolerability and possible amendments in daily practice of sublingual AIT (SLIT), subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) for inhalant allergies and venom AIT. Method Under the framework of the EAACI, a panel of experts in the field of AIT coordinated by the Immunotherapy Interest Group (IT IG) set‐up a web‐based retrospective survey (SurveyMonkey®) including 27 standardized questions on practical and safety aspects on AIT in worldwide clinical routine. Results 417 respondents providing AIT to their patients in daily routine answered the survey. For patients (without any current symptoms to suspect COVID‐19), 60% of the respondents informed of not having initiated SCIT (40% venom AIT, 35% SLIT) whereas for the maintenance phase of AIT, SCIT was performed by 75% of the respondents (74% venom AIT, 89% SLIT). No tolerability concern arises from this preliminary analysis. 16 physicians reported having performed AIT despite (early) symptoms of COVID‐19 and/or a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Conclusions This first international retrospective survey in atopic diseases investigated practical aspects and tolerability of AIT during the COVID‐19 pandemic and gave no concerns regarding reduced tolerability under real‐life circumstances. However, the data indicate an undertreatment of AIT, which may be temporary, but could have a long‐lasting negative impact on the clinical care of allergic patients.
Oliver Pfaar; Ioana Agache; Matteo Bonini; Helen Annaruth Brough; Tomás Chivato; Stefano R. Del Giacco; Radoslaw Gawlik; Aslı Gelincik; Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Edward F. Knol; Antti Lauerma; Markus Ollert; Liam O’Mahony; Charlotte G. Mortz; Oscar Palomares; Carmen Riggioni; Jürgen Schwarze; Isabel Skypala; María José Torres; Eva Untersmayr; Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa; Adam Chaker; Mattia Giovannini; Enrico Heffler; Erika Jensen‐Jarolim; Cristina Quecchia; Mónica Sandoval‐Ruballos; Umit Sahiner; Vesna Tomić Spirić; Montserrat Alvaro‐Lozano. COVID‐19 pandemic and allergen immunotherapy—an EAACI survey. Allergy 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOliver Pfaar, Ioana Agache, Matteo Bonini, Helen Annaruth Brough, Tomás Chivato, Stefano R. Del Giacco, Radoslaw Gawlik, Aslı Gelincik, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Edward F. Knol, Antti Lauerma, Markus Ollert, Liam O’Mahony, Charlotte G. Mortz, Oscar Palomares, Carmen Riggioni, Jürgen Schwarze, Isabel Skypala, María José Torres, Eva Untersmayr, Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa, Adam Chaker, Mattia Giovannini, Enrico Heffler, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim, Cristina Quecchia, Mónica Sandoval‐Ruballos, Umit Sahiner, Vesna Tomić Spirić, Montserrat Alvaro‐Lozano. COVID‐19 pandemic and allergen immunotherapy—an EAACI survey. Allergy. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliver Pfaar; Ioana Agache; Matteo Bonini; Helen Annaruth Brough; Tomás Chivato; Stefano R. Del Giacco; Radoslaw Gawlik; Aslı Gelincik; Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Edward F. Knol; Antti Lauerma; Markus Ollert; Liam O’Mahony; Charlotte G. Mortz; Oscar Palomares; Carmen Riggioni; Jürgen Schwarze; Isabel Skypala; María José Torres; Eva Untersmayr; Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa; Adam Chaker; Mattia Giovannini; Enrico Heffler; Erika Jensen‐Jarolim; Cristina Quecchia; Mónica Sandoval‐Ruballos; Umit Sahiner; Vesna Tomić Spirić; Montserrat Alvaro‐Lozano. 2021. "COVID‐19 pandemic and allergen immunotherapy—an EAACI survey." Allergy , no. : 1.
Although there is a considerable body of knowledge about allergen immunotherapy (AIT), there is a lack of data on the reliability of real‐world evidence (RWE) in AIT and consequently, a lack of information on how AIT effectively works in real life. To address the current unmet need for an appraisal of the quality of RWE in AIT, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Methodology Committee recently initiated a systematic review of observational studies of AIT, which will usethe RELEVANT tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE) to rate the quality of the evidence base as a whole. The next step will be to develop a broadly applicable, pragmatic “real‐world” database using systematic data collection.Based on the current RWE base,and perspectives and recommendations of authorities and scientific societies, a hierarchy of RWE in AIT is proposed, which places pragmatic trials and registry data at the positions of highest level of evidence. There is a need to establish more AIT registries that collect data in a cohesive way, using standardised protocols. This will provide an essential source of real‐world data that can be easily shared, promoting evidence‐based research and quality improvement in study design and clinical decision‐making.
Giovanni Paoletti; Danilo DiBona; Derek K. Chu; Davide Firinu; Enrico Heffler; Ioana Agache; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Oliver Pfaar; Ralph Mösges; Audrey Dunn Galvin; Jon Genuneit; Hans Jürgen Hoffmann; Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomisedtrial “Real‐World Evidence”. Allergy 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Paoletti, Danilo DiBona, Derek K. Chu, Davide Firinu, Enrico Heffler, Ioana Agache, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Oliver Pfaar, Ralph Mösges, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Jon Genuneit, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomisedtrial “Real‐World Evidence”. Allergy. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Paoletti; Danilo DiBona; Derek K. Chu; Davide Firinu; Enrico Heffler; Ioana Agache; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Oliver Pfaar; Ralph Mösges; Audrey Dunn Galvin; Jon Genuneit; Hans Jürgen Hoffmann; Giorgio Walter Canonica. 2021. "Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomisedtrial “Real‐World Evidence”." Allergy , no. : 1.
Although there is a considerable body of knowledge about allergen immunotherapy (AIT), there is a lack of data on the reliability of real-world evidence (RWE) in AIT and consequently, a lack of information on how AIT effectively works in real life. To address the current unmet need for an appraisal of the quality of RWE in AIT, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Methodology Committee recently initiated a systematic review of observational studies of AIT, which will use the RELEVANT tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE) to rate the quality of the evidence base as a whole. The next step will be to develop a broadly applicable, pragmatic “real-world” database using systematic data collection. Based on the current RWE base, and perspectives and recommendations of authorities and scientific societies, a hierarchy of RWE in AIT is proposed, which places pragmatic trials and registry data at the positions of highest level of evidence. There is a need to establish more AIT registries that collect data in a cohesive way, using standardised protocols. This will provide an essential source of real-world data that can be easily shared, promoting evidence-based research and quality improvement in study design and clinical decision-making.
Giovanni Paoletti; Danilo Di Bona; Derek Chu; Davide Firinu; Enrico Heffler; Ioana Agache; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Oliver Pfaar; Ralph Mosges; Audrey DunnGalvin; Jon Genuneit; Hans Jürgen Hoffmann; Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomised trial “real-world evidence”. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Paoletti, Danilo Di Bona, Derek Chu, Davide Firinu, Enrico Heffler, Ioana Agache, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Oliver Pfaar, Ralph Mosges, Audrey DunnGalvin, Jon Genuneit, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Giorgio Walter Canonica. Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomised trial “real-world evidence”. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Paoletti; Danilo Di Bona; Derek Chu; Davide Firinu; Enrico Heffler; Ioana Agache; Marek Jutel; Ludger Klimek; Oliver Pfaar; Ralph Mosges; Audrey DunnGalvin; Jon Genuneit; Hans Jürgen Hoffmann; Giorgio Walter Canonica. 2021. "Allergen immunotherapy: the growing role of observational and randomised trial “real-world evidence”." , no. : 1.
Background Italy has been the first non-Asian country affected by Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Community pharmacies are essential services authorized to continue their activity during the emergency. To date, a clear image is lacking of the critical issues Italian community pharmacists had to face and of how they responded in their daily work.. Objective To describe procedures and critical logistical-organizational issues encountered by Italian community pharmacists and to collect the main requests reported by patients to pharmacists. Setting A national survey on Italian community pharmacists. Method A cross-sectional survey using a reasoned questionnaire was sent during the pandemic peak to Italian pharmacies, divided in two groups according to the incidence of COVID-19: “Red Zones” and “non-Red Zones”. Main outcome measure Exploring the most frequently adopted measures by the pharmacists. Results 169 community Pharmacists answered the questionnaire. The most frequently adopted measures were the use of gloves, surgical masks and protective barriers at the drug counter. Most implemented services for customers were: booking of prescriptions, delivery of medications and implementation of phone consultations. Overall, the questionnaire highlighted an increase in the number of health-related consultations and requests by customers. In Red Zones, there was a higher use of FFP2 and FFP3 masks by pharmacists, where customers were mainly interested in gaining information about specific classes of medications. Conclusion Community pharmacists adapted to lockdown measures by implementing a number of measures. There was an overall increase in pharmacists’ personal protective equipment in Red Zones possibly linked to increased risk perception.
Corrado Giua; Giovanni Paoletti; Luigi Minerba; Giacomo Malipiero; Giulio Melone; Enrico Heffler; Assunta Pistone; Enrico Keber; Valerio Cimino; Giuseppe Fimiani; Valentina Gianotti; Alberto Lepore; Flora Romano; on behalf of SIFAC Group of Clinical Community Pharmacists (SGCP). Community pharmacist’s professional adaptation amid Covid-19 emergency: a national survey on Italian pharmacists. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 2021, 43, 708 -715.
AMA StyleCorrado Giua, Giovanni Paoletti, Luigi Minerba, Giacomo Malipiero, Giulio Melone, Enrico Heffler, Assunta Pistone, Enrico Keber, Valerio Cimino, Giuseppe Fimiani, Valentina Gianotti, Alberto Lepore, Flora Romano, on behalf of SIFAC Group of Clinical Community Pharmacists (SGCP). Community pharmacist’s professional adaptation amid Covid-19 emergency: a national survey on Italian pharmacists. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2021; 43 (3):708-715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorrado Giua; Giovanni Paoletti; Luigi Minerba; Giacomo Malipiero; Giulio Melone; Enrico Heffler; Assunta Pistone; Enrico Keber; Valerio Cimino; Giuseppe Fimiani; Valentina Gianotti; Alberto Lepore; Flora Romano; on behalf of SIFAC Group of Clinical Community Pharmacists (SGCP). 2021. "Community pharmacist’s professional adaptation amid Covid-19 emergency: a national survey on Italian pharmacists." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 43, no. 3: 708-715.
After adolescence, asthma is more frequent in females than in males due to different hormonal, immunologic, and occupational/environmental factors. The higher prevalence and severity of the disease in females have already been reported in international registries. The aim of this study was to explore the difference in terms of clinical, functional, and biological characteristics between male and female patients with severe asthma in a real-life, registry-based setting. Baseline data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy registry were analyzed in 1,123 patients with severe asthma, according to sex. Almost 2/3 of severe asthmatics were female. Late-onset asthma, obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux were more frequent in females than in males, while previous smoking habits and nasal polyposis were more frequent in males. Females had poor asthma control and a higher number of severe exacerbations leading to hospitalization, in comparison to males. Biomarkers of type 2 inflammation (blood eosinophil, exhaled nitric oxide, and serum immunoglobulin E levels) were significantly higher in males than in females. The type 2 profile (defined by a combination of these 3 biomarkers) was significantly more frequent in males than in females. In multivariate analysis, late-onset asthma and a normal body mass index were only independent variables associated with the type 2 profile, while male sex and age showed only a trend toward the association with the type 2 profile. Significant differences may be observed between male and female patients with severe asthma, influencing the asthma pheno-endotyping in both sexes.
Gianenrico Senna; Manuela Latorre; Massimo Bugiani; Marco Caminati; Enrico Heffler; Daniela Morrone; Giovanni Paoletti; Paola Parronchi; Francesca Puggioni; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Pierluigi Paggiaro; On Behalf Of Sani Network. Sex Differences in Severe Asthma: Results From Severe Asthma Network in Italy-SANI. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 2021, 13, 219 -228.
AMA StyleGianenrico Senna, Manuela Latorre, Massimo Bugiani, Marco Caminati, Enrico Heffler, Daniela Morrone, Giovanni Paoletti, Paola Parronchi, Francesca Puggioni, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Pierluigi Paggiaro, On Behalf Of Sani Network. Sex Differences in Severe Asthma: Results From Severe Asthma Network in Italy-SANI. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research. 2021; 13 (2):219-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianenrico Senna; Manuela Latorre; Massimo Bugiani; Marco Caminati; Enrico Heffler; Daniela Morrone; Giovanni Paoletti; Paola Parronchi; Francesca Puggioni; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Pierluigi Paggiaro; On Behalf Of Sani Network. 2021. "Sex Differences in Severe Asthma: Results From Severe Asthma Network in Italy-SANI." Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 13, no. 2: 219-228.
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with regard to the inflammatory pathways activated. In recent years, biologic drugs (monoclonal antibodies) directed towards specific components of type 2 inflammation have been approved for the treatment of severe asthma. Phenotyping of patients with severe asthma and evaluation of biomarkers have been recommended to help identify patients who are candidates for treatment with biologics and to monitor treatment responses. Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in asthma, signaling activation of Interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 pathway. FeNO could be useful to assess treatment response or identify candidates for a specific drug that acts on type 2 inflammation mechanisms linked to Nitric Oxide (NO) production, such as the IL-4/IL-13 pathway or upstream processes. The value of FeNO as a biomarker predictive of responses to the biologics available for treating severe asthma is discussed based on the published studies at the moment of the review.
Giovanni Rolla; Enrico Heffler; Stefano Pizzimenti; Alain Michils; Andrei Malinovschi. An Emerging Role for Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Guiding Biological Treatment in Severe Asthma. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2020, 27, 7159 -7167.
AMA StyleGiovanni Rolla, Enrico Heffler, Stefano Pizzimenti, Alain Michils, Andrei Malinovschi. An Emerging Role for Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Guiding Biological Treatment in Severe Asthma. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 27 (42):7159-7167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Rolla; Enrico Heffler; Stefano Pizzimenti; Alain Michils; Andrei Malinovschi. 2020. "An Emerging Role for Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Guiding Biological Treatment in Severe Asthma." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 42: 7159-7167.
Objective: Asthma is a frequent comorbidity of bronchiectasis, with possible implications for exacerbation and severity. We investigated the clinical impact of asthma on bronchiectasis in terms of disease severity and exacerbation risk. Methods: We collected demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bronchiectasis. All patients were investigated for concomitant diagnosis of asthma. The Bhalla score was used to assess radiological severity of bronchiectasis, and the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) was used to assess the clinical severity. Blood and sputum samples were collected to assess blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein, immunological status (IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG, and IgG subclasses), and microbiological analysis. Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled in the study; 30.2% had concomitant asthma and were characterized by higher frequency of bronchiectasis exacerbation, despite higher Bhalla score and lower BSI compared to patients without asthma. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequently isolated from the sputum of bronchiectasis patients without asthma. Total serum IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 were lower in patients with asthma. Blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide were higher in patients with associated asthma. The presence of asthma and presence of Pseudomonas in sputum were the only significant determinants of frequent exacerbations in a binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The coexistence of asthma and bronchiectasis is associated with an independent increase in the risk of bronchiectasis exacerbation despite lower radiological and clinical severity indexes. Asthmatic airway inflammation could promote an enhanced “Cole's Cycle” that is responsible for a higher frequency of exacerbations.
Sebastian Ferri; Claudia Crimi; Raffaele Campisi; Giulia Cacopardo; Giovanni Paoletti; Francesca Puggioni; Nunzio Crimi; Enrico Heffler. Impact of asthma on bronchiectasis severity and risk of exacerbations. Journal of Asthma 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleSebastian Ferri, Claudia Crimi, Raffaele Campisi, Giulia Cacopardo, Giovanni Paoletti, Francesca Puggioni, Nunzio Crimi, Enrico Heffler. Impact of asthma on bronchiectasis severity and risk of exacerbations. Journal of Asthma. 2020; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Ferri; Claudia Crimi; Raffaele Campisi; Giulia Cacopardo; Giovanni Paoletti; Francesca Puggioni; Nunzio Crimi; Enrico Heffler. 2020. "Impact of asthma on bronchiectasis severity and risk of exacerbations." Journal of Asthma , no. : 1-12.
Purpose of review Gastro-esophageal reflux is a possible cause of uncontrolled symptoms of asthma and should be actively investigated and treated before severe asthma is diagnosed and biological therapy started. Recent findings Recent investigations on esophageal function and tissue biomarkers in patients with asthma and associated GERD have established a relevant role for esophageal motility and neuronal sensory abnormalities in linking the two diseases. Characterization of the underpinning inflammatory substrate has showed mixed results as both neutrophilic and eosinophilic type 2 inflammatory changes have been described. Summary New findings regarding inflammatory mechanisms in GERD-associated asthma as well as new diagnostic tools to investigate functional esophageal abnormalities and characterize asthma endotype have identified potential treatable traits that may improve the clinical management and outcome of asthmatic patients with GERD.
Giovanni Paoletti; Giulio Melone; Sebastian Ferri; Francesca Puggioni; Ilaria Baiardini; Francesca Racca; Giorgio W. Canonica; Enrico Heffler; Giacomo Malipiero. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why. Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 2020, 21, 52 -58.
AMA StyleGiovanni Paoletti, Giulio Melone, Sebastian Ferri, Francesca Puggioni, Ilaria Baiardini, Francesca Racca, Giorgio W. Canonica, Enrico Heffler, Giacomo Malipiero. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why. Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2020; 21 (1):52-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Paoletti; Giulio Melone; Sebastian Ferri; Francesca Puggioni; Ilaria Baiardini; Francesca Racca; Giorgio W. Canonica; Enrico Heffler; Giacomo Malipiero. 2020. "Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why." Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 21, no. 1: 52-58.
Purpose of review Allergen-specific immunotherapy has established as an indispensable disease-modifying treatment in allergy practice but its safety and efficacy might be furtherly improved by combining it with other drugs or therapeutic intervention that co-modulate immune type 2 immune networks Recent findings In the past two decades, clinical research focused on AIT and omalizumab co-treatment to improve both safety and long-term efficacy of allergic disease treatment. Recently, combination of AIT with other biologicals targeting different mediators of type 2 inflammation has been set up with interesting preliminary results. Moreover, AIT current contraindication might be overcome by contemporarily controlling underlying type 2 inflammation in severe atopic patients. Summary AIT--biological combination treatment can realize a complex multitargeted treatment strategy allowing for consistently improving disease control and sparing steroid administration.
Giacomo Malipiero; Giulio Melone; Francesca Puggioni; Ruby Pawankar; Enrico Heffler; Giovanni Paoletti. Allergen immunotherapy and biologics in respiratory allergy: friends or foes? Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 2020, 21, 16 -23.
AMA StyleGiacomo Malipiero, Giulio Melone, Francesca Puggioni, Ruby Pawankar, Enrico Heffler, Giovanni Paoletti. Allergen immunotherapy and biologics in respiratory allergy: friends or foes? Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2020; 21 (1):16-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Malipiero; Giulio Melone; Francesca Puggioni; Ruby Pawankar; Enrico Heffler; Giovanni Paoletti. 2020. "Allergen immunotherapy and biologics in respiratory allergy: friends or foes?" Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology 21, no. 1: 16-23.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory disease highly impacting patient's quality of life, and associated with lower airway inflammation often evolving into asthma. Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a non-invasive tool to assess Type 2 airway inflammation and its extended analysis allows to differentiate between alveolar concentration (CalvNO) and bronchial output (JawNO). It is also possible to assess the sino-nasal production of nitric oxide (nNO). We studied extended nitric oxide production in patients with CRSwNP with or without associated asthma. Consecutive adult patients with CRSwNP, with or without asthma, and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were: smoking, uncontrolled asthma, recent upper or lower airway infections and oral corticosteroid therapy in the 4 weeks preceding clinical evaluation. Patients' demographic and clinical data were collected; patients underwent pulmonary function tests and extended nitric oxide analysis including nasal nNO assessment. 125 subjects were enrolled (15 healthy controls; 69 with CRSwNP and asthma, and 41 with CRSwNP only). FENO, JawNO and CalvNO values were higher, while nNO was lower, in all patients with CRSwNP compared to healthy controls; no difference was found in CalvNO between patients with concomitant asthma and non-asthmatic subjects; in asthmatic patients, FENO and JawNO were significantly higher, while nNO values was lower, compared to patients with CRSwNP only. These results suggest that CRSwNP could be the first manifestation of a more complex systemic inflammatory pathology driven by Type 2 inflammation. An "inflammatory gradient" hypothesis could describe a pattern of inflammation in CRSwNP patients that starts distally in the alveoli. Finally, our study indirectly reinforces the concept that novel biological drugs could become valid therapeutic options for nasal polyposis.
Giovanni Paoletti; Giulio Melone; Giuseppe Guida; Francesca Pirola; Luca Malvezzi; Corrado Pelaia; Alessia Mariani; Francesca Racca; Giacomo Malipiero; Sebastian Ferri; Francesca Puggioni; Giuseppe Spriano; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. Extended nitric oxide analysis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, with or without associated asthma. Journal of Breath Research 2020, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleGiovanni Paoletti, Giulio Melone, Giuseppe Guida, Francesca Pirola, Luca Malvezzi, Corrado Pelaia, Alessia Mariani, Francesca Racca, Giacomo Malipiero, Sebastian Ferri, Francesca Puggioni, Giuseppe Spriano, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Enrico Heffler. Extended nitric oxide analysis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, with or without associated asthma. Journal of Breath Research. 2020; 15 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Paoletti; Giulio Melone; Giuseppe Guida; Francesca Pirola; Luca Malvezzi; Corrado Pelaia; Alessia Mariani; Francesca Racca; Giacomo Malipiero; Sebastian Ferri; Francesca Puggioni; Giuseppe Spriano; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. 2020. "Extended nitric oxide analysis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, with or without associated asthma." Journal of Breath Research 15, no. 1: 1.
Several severe asthma comorbidities have been identified: an emerging one is bronchiectasis. We evaluated the frequency of bronchiectasis on severe asthma in a real-life setting, through the 'Severe Asthma Network Italy' (SANI) registry. SANI registry encompasses demographic, clinical, functional and inflammatory data of Italian severe asthmatics. Data obtained by the enrolled patients were analyzed, focusing the attention on those patients with concomitant clinically relevant bronchiectasis. About 15.5% patients have bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis diagnosis was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (54.6% vs. 38%, p = 0.001) and higher serum IgE levels (673.4 vs. 412.1 kUI/L, p = 0.013). Patients with bronchiectasis had worse asthma control (ACT: 16.7 vs 18.2, p = 0.013), worse quality of life (AQLQ: 4.08 vs. 4.60, p = 0.02) and lower lung function (FEV1% predicted 67.3 vs. 75.0, p = 0.002). A higher rate of severe asthma exacerbations in the previous 12 months (85.2% vs. 61.5%, p < 0.001) was found in patients with bronchiectasis. severe asthma associated with bronchiectasis represents a particularly severe asthma variant, possibly driven by an eosinophilic endotype. We, therefore, suggest that bronchiectasis should necessarily be assessed in severe asthmatic patients.
Giacomo Malipiero; Giovanni Paoletti; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Gianenrico Senna; Manuela Latorre; Marco Caminati; Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano; Nunzio Crimi; Antonio Spanevello; Stefano Aliberti; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. Clinical features associated with a doctor-diagnosis of bronchiectasis in the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) registry. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2020, 15, 419 -424.
AMA StyleGiacomo Malipiero, Giovanni Paoletti, Francesco Blasi, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Gianenrico Senna, Manuela Latorre, Marco Caminati, Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, Nunzio Crimi, Antonio Spanevello, Stefano Aliberti, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Enrico Heffler. Clinical features associated with a doctor-diagnosis of bronchiectasis in the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) registry. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 2020; 15 (3):419-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Malipiero; Giovanni Paoletti; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Gianenrico Senna; Manuela Latorre; Marco Caminati; Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano; Nunzio Crimi; Antonio Spanevello; Stefano Aliberti; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. 2020. "Clinical features associated with a doctor-diagnosis of bronchiectasis in the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) registry." Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 15, no. 3: 419-424.
Purpose: Patients with uncontrolled asthma despite high doses of inhaled corticosteroid therapy plus another controller are defined as severe asthmatics. Tiotropium bromide respimat (TBR) is the only long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) approved for severe asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of severe asthmatics treated with TBR and characterize their clinical features in a real-life, registry-based setting. Materials and Methods: Baseline data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) registry have been analyzed to determine the use of TBR and other LAMA, and to compare clinical, functional and inflammatory features associated with the use of LAMA. Results: Among a total of 698 enrolled patients, 35.9% were treated with LAMA (23.3% TBR, 4.5% tiotropium bromide handihaler, 4.5% aclidinium, 3.4% glycopyrronium bromide 0.3% umeclidinium bromide). Age of asthma onset was higher in patients taking LAMA, whom, compared to others were more frequently former smokers. They also had a higher annual exacerbation rate, experienced worst asthma control, worst disease-related quality of life and poorer lung function. Bronchiectasis was more frequently found in LAMA users (25.9% vs 13.1%). Conclusion: TBR is still underused in severe asthma in a real-life setting, while a relevant proportion of patients are treated with other LAMA that are not approved for severe asthma treatment. Patients taking LAMA have features characteristic of even more severe asthma.
Francesca Puggioni; Luisa Brussino; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Marco Caminati; Manuela Latorre; Enrico Heffler; Gianenrico Senna. Frequency of Tiotropium Bromide Use and Clinical Features of Patients with Severe Asthma in a Real-Life Setting: Data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) Registry. Journal of Asthma and Allergy 2020, ume 13, 599 -604.
AMA StyleFrancesca Puggioni, Luisa Brussino, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Francesco Blasi, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Marco Caminati, Manuela Latorre, Enrico Heffler, Gianenrico Senna. Frequency of Tiotropium Bromide Use and Clinical Features of Patients with Severe Asthma in a Real-Life Setting: Data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) Registry. Journal of Asthma and Allergy. 2020; ume 13 ():599-604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Puggioni; Luisa Brussino; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Marco Caminati; Manuela Latorre; Enrico Heffler; Gianenrico Senna. 2020. "Frequency of Tiotropium Bromide Use and Clinical Features of Patients with Severe Asthma in a Real-Life Setting: Data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) Registry." Journal of Asthma and Allergy ume 13, no. : 599-604.
Background: To date, no disease-specific tool is available to assess the impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire specifically designed to this aim: the Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life questionnaire –NPQ. Methods: According to the current guidelines, the development and validation of the NPQ occurred in two separate steps involving different groups of patients. Results: In the development process of NPQ an initial list of items of 40 items was given to 60 patients with CRSwNP; the 27 most significant items were selected and converted into questions. The validation procedure involved 107 patients (mean age 52.9±12.4). NPQ revealed a five-dimensional structure and high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95). Convergent validity (Spearman’ coefficient r=0.75; p< 0.01), discriminant validity (sensitivity to VAS score), reliability in a sample of patients with a stable health status (Interclass Coefficient 0.882) were satisfactory. Responsiveness to clinical changes was accomplished. The minimal important difference was 7. Conclusion: NPQ is the first questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in CRSwNP. Our results provide that the new tool is valid, reliable, and sensitive to individual changes.
Ilaria Baiardini; Giovanni Paoletti; Alessia Mariani; Luca Malvezzi; Francesca Pirola; Giuseppe Mercante; Giuseppe Spriano; Francesca Puggioni; Francesca Racca; Giulio Melone; Giacomo Malipiero; Sebastian Ferri; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. Development and validation of Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life Questionnaire (NPQ). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIlaria Baiardini, Giovanni Paoletti, Alessia Mariani, Luca Malvezzi, Francesca Pirola, Giuseppe Mercante, Giuseppe Spriano, Francesca Puggioni, Francesca Racca, Giulio Melone, Giacomo Malipiero, Sebastian Ferri, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Enrico Heffler. Development and validation of Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life Questionnaire (NPQ). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Baiardini; Giovanni Paoletti; Alessia Mariani; Luca Malvezzi; Francesca Pirola; Giuseppe Mercante; Giuseppe Spriano; Francesca Puggioni; Francesca Racca; Giulio Melone; Giacomo Malipiero; Sebastian Ferri; Giorgio Walter Canonica; Enrico Heffler. 2020. "Development and validation of Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life Questionnaire (NPQ)." , no. : 1.
According to the data derived from several national and international registries, including SANI (Severe Asthma Network Italy), and considering the strong impact that frequent or regular use of oral corticosteroid has on quality of life (QoL) of severe asthmatics, as well as on the costs for managing corticosteroid-related diseases, oral corticosteroid sparing up to withdrawal should be considered a primary outcome in the management of severe asthma. New biologics have clearly demonstrated that this effect is possible, with concomitant reduction in the rate of exacerbations and in symptom control. Then, there is no reason for using so frequently oral corticosteroid before having explored all alternatives currently available for a large part of severe asthmatics.
Giorgio Walter Canonica; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Gianenrico Senna; Giovanni Passalacqua; Antonio Spanevello; Stefano Aliberti; Diego Bagnasco; Marco Bonavia; Matteo Bonini; Luisa Brussino; Caterina Bucca; Maria F. Caiaffa; Cecilia Calabrese; Gianna Camiciottoli; Marco Caminati; Giovanna E. Carpagnano; Cristiano Caruso; Stefano Centanni; Maria E. Conte; Angelo G. Corsico; Lorenzo Cosmi; Maria T. Costantino; Nunzio Crimi; Simona D’Alò; Maria D'Amato; Stefano Del Giacco; Alessandro Farsi; Elisabetta Favero; Maria P. Foschino Barbaro; Gabriella Guarnieri; Giuseppe Guida; Manuela Latorre; Salvatore Lo Cicero; Carlo Lombardi; Luigi Macchia; Francesco Mazza; Francesco Menzella; Manlio Milanese; Marcello Montagni; Paolo Montuschi; Eleonora Nucera; Roberta Parente; Vincenzo Patella; Girolamo Pelaia; Laura Pini; Francesca Puggioni; Luisa Ricciardi; Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo; Luca Richeldi; Erminia Ridolo; Giovanni Rolla; Pierachille Santus; Nicola Scichilone; Giuseppe Spadaro; Andrea Vianello; Vittorio Viviano; Mona R. Yacoub; Maria C. Zappa; Enrico Heffler. Oral CorticoSteroid sparing with biologics in severe asthma: A remark of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI). World Allergy Organization Journal 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleGiorgio Walter Canonica, Francesco Blasi, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Gianenrico Senna, Giovanni Passalacqua, Antonio Spanevello, Stefano Aliberti, Diego Bagnasco, Marco Bonavia, Matteo Bonini, Luisa Brussino, Caterina Bucca, Maria F. Caiaffa, Cecilia Calabrese, Gianna Camiciottoli, Marco Caminati, Giovanna E. Carpagnano, Cristiano Caruso, Stefano Centanni, Maria E. Conte, Angelo G. Corsico, Lorenzo Cosmi, Maria T. Costantino, Nunzio Crimi, Simona D’Alò, Maria D'Amato, Stefano Del Giacco, Alessandro Farsi, Elisabetta Favero, Maria P. Foschino Barbaro, Gabriella Guarnieri, Giuseppe Guida, Manuela Latorre, Salvatore Lo Cicero, Carlo Lombardi, Luigi Macchia, Francesco Mazza, Francesco Menzella, Manlio Milanese, Marcello Montagni, Paolo Montuschi, Eleonora Nucera, Roberta Parente, Vincenzo Patella, Girolamo Pelaia, Laura Pini, Francesca Puggioni, Luisa Ricciardi, Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo, Luca Richeldi, Erminia Ridolo, Giovanni Rolla, Pierachille Santus, Nicola Scichilone, Giuseppe Spadaro, Andrea Vianello, Vittorio Viviano, Mona R. Yacoub, Maria C. Zappa, Enrico Heffler. Oral CorticoSteroid sparing with biologics in severe asthma: A remark of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI). World Allergy Organization Journal. 2020; 13 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Walter Canonica; Francesco Blasi; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Gianenrico Senna; Giovanni Passalacqua; Antonio Spanevello; Stefano Aliberti; Diego Bagnasco; Marco Bonavia; Matteo Bonini; Luisa Brussino; Caterina Bucca; Maria F. Caiaffa; Cecilia Calabrese; Gianna Camiciottoli; Marco Caminati; Giovanna E. Carpagnano; Cristiano Caruso; Stefano Centanni; Maria E. Conte; Angelo G. Corsico; Lorenzo Cosmi; Maria T. Costantino; Nunzio Crimi; Simona D’Alò; Maria D'Amato; Stefano Del Giacco; Alessandro Farsi; Elisabetta Favero; Maria P. Foschino Barbaro; Gabriella Guarnieri; Giuseppe Guida; Manuela Latorre; Salvatore Lo Cicero; Carlo Lombardi; Luigi Macchia; Francesco Mazza; Francesco Menzella; Manlio Milanese; Marcello Montagni; Paolo Montuschi; Eleonora Nucera; Roberta Parente; Vincenzo Patella; Girolamo Pelaia; Laura Pini; Francesca Puggioni; Luisa Ricciardi; Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo; Luca Richeldi; Erminia Ridolo; Giovanni Rolla; Pierachille Santus; Nicola Scichilone; Giuseppe Spadaro; Andrea Vianello; Vittorio Viviano; Mona R. Yacoub; Maria C. Zappa; Enrico Heffler. 2020. "Oral CorticoSteroid sparing with biologics in severe asthma: A remark of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI)." World Allergy Organization Journal 13, no. 10: 1.
The introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross‐reactive, pursuit of patient’s treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi‐genomics, metabolomics and breathomics, to forecast patient’s responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.
Cristoforo Incorvaia; Mona Al‐Ahmad; Ignacio J. Ansotegui; Stefania Arasi; Claus Bachert; Catherine Bos; Jean Bousquet; Andrzéj Bozek; Davide Caimmi; Moises A. Calderón; Thomas Casale; Adnan Custovic; Frédéric De Blay; Pascal Demoly; Philippe Devillier; Alain Didier; Alessandro Fiocchi; Adam T. Fox; Philippe Gevaert; Maximiliano Gomez; Enrico Heffler; Natalia Ilina; Carla Irani; Marek Jutel; Efstrathios Karagiannis; Ludger Klimek; Piotr Kuna; Robin O'Hehir; Oxana Kurbacheva; Paolo Maria Matricardi; Mario Morais de Almeida; Ralph Mosges; Natalija Novak; Yoshitaka Okamoto; Petr Panzner; Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos; Hae‐Sim Park; Giovanni Passalacqua; Ruby Pawankar; Oliver Pfaar; Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier; Silvia Scurati; Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés; Carmen Vidal; J. Christian Virchow; Ulrich Wahn; Margitta Worm; Petra Zieglmayer; Giorgio Walter Canonica. Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model. Allergy 2020, 76, 1041 -1052.
AMA StyleCristoforo Incorvaia, Mona Al‐Ahmad, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Stefania Arasi, Claus Bachert, Catherine Bos, Jean Bousquet, Andrzéj Bozek, Davide Caimmi, Moises A. Calderón, Thomas Casale, Adnan Custovic, Frédéric De Blay, Pascal Demoly, Philippe Devillier, Alain Didier, Alessandro Fiocchi, Adam T. Fox, Philippe Gevaert, Maximiliano Gomez, Enrico Heffler, Natalia Ilina, Carla Irani, Marek Jutel, Efstrathios Karagiannis, Ludger Klimek, Piotr Kuna, Robin O'Hehir, Oxana Kurbacheva, Paolo Maria Matricardi, Mario Morais de Almeida, Ralph Mosges, Natalija Novak, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Petr Panzner, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Hae‐Sim Park, Giovanni Passalacqua, Ruby Pawankar, Oliver Pfaar, Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Silvia Scurati, Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés, Carmen Vidal, J. Christian Virchow, Ulrich Wahn, Margitta Worm, Petra Zieglmayer, Giorgio Walter Canonica. Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model. Allergy. 2020; 76 (4):1041-1052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristoforo Incorvaia; Mona Al‐Ahmad; Ignacio J. Ansotegui; Stefania Arasi; Claus Bachert; Catherine Bos; Jean Bousquet; Andrzéj Bozek; Davide Caimmi; Moises A. Calderón; Thomas Casale; Adnan Custovic; Frédéric De Blay; Pascal Demoly; Philippe Devillier; Alain Didier; Alessandro Fiocchi; Adam T. Fox; Philippe Gevaert; Maximiliano Gomez; Enrico Heffler; Natalia Ilina; Carla Irani; Marek Jutel; Efstrathios Karagiannis; Ludger Klimek; Piotr Kuna; Robin O'Hehir; Oxana Kurbacheva; Paolo Maria Matricardi; Mario Morais de Almeida; Ralph Mosges; Natalija Novak; Yoshitaka Okamoto; Petr Panzner; Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos; Hae‐Sim Park; Giovanni Passalacqua; Ruby Pawankar; Oliver Pfaar; Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier; Silvia Scurati; Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés; Carmen Vidal; J. Christian Virchow; Ulrich Wahn; Margitta Worm; Petra Zieglmayer; Giorgio Walter Canonica. 2020. "Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model." Allergy 76, no. 4: 1041-1052.
Enrico Heffler; Aikaterini Detoraki; Marco Contoli; Alberto Papi; Giovanni Paoletti; Giacomo Malipiero; Luisa Brussino; Claudia Crimi; Daniela Morrone; Marianna Padovani; Giuseppe Guida; Alberto Giovanni Gerli; Stefano Centanni; Gianenrico Senna; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; SANI Working Group. COVID‐19 in Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) patients: Clinical features, impact of comorbidities and treatments. Allergy 2020, 76, 887 -892.
AMA StyleEnrico Heffler, Aikaterini Detoraki, Marco Contoli, Alberto Papi, Giovanni Paoletti, Giacomo Malipiero, Luisa Brussino, Claudia Crimi, Daniela Morrone, Marianna Padovani, Giuseppe Guida, Alberto Giovanni Gerli, Stefano Centanni, Gianenrico Senna, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Walter Canonica, SANI Working Group. COVID‐19 in Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) patients: Clinical features, impact of comorbidities and treatments. Allergy. 2020; 76 (3):887-892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrico Heffler; Aikaterini Detoraki; Marco Contoli; Alberto Papi; Giovanni Paoletti; Giacomo Malipiero; Luisa Brussino; Claudia Crimi; Daniela Morrone; Marianna Padovani; Giuseppe Guida; Alberto Giovanni Gerli; Stefano Centanni; Gianenrico Senna; Pierluigi Paggiaro; Francesco Blasi; Giorgio Walter Canonica; SANI Working Group. 2020. "COVID‐19 in Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) patients: Clinical features, impact of comorbidities and treatments." Allergy 76, no. 3: 887-892.