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Landraces are generally neglected by industrialized agriculture, regardless of their potential to provide valuable genetic material for breeding and to diversifying the available assortment for producers and markets. They may also excel in certain plant protection issues with possible resistance or tolerance to plant pathogens. This is the first report on the disease susceptibility traits of Hungarian on certain indeterminate and determinate tomato gene bank accessions under on-farm organic conditions. For this, a three-year on-farm experiment was conducted in two management systems, open-field and protected. Yield and disease symptoms data obtained from ten tomato landraces were compared to commercial varieties. The incidence and severity of three important diseases (caused by late blight ‘Phytophthora infestans’, early blight ‘Alternaria solani’ and Septoria leafspot ‘Septoria lycopersici’), as well as yield, were recorded and assessed. According to these results, there were no significant difference between landraces and control varieties (San Marzano, Kecskeméti 549) regarding the studied parameters, and year was a determinant factor in the occurrence and severity of the infection of the studied diseases. In 2016, rainy, humid weather induced a severe late blight infection, causing serious damage to the open field, while the weather in 2015 and 2017 was favorable for tomato production and our measurements. There were some differences within and between landraces in terms of susceptibility. The investigation revealed that certain accessions can be highly recommended, e.g., the indeterminate ‘Fadd’ (RCAT030275) and ‘Mátrafüred’ (RCAT057656) had suitably high yields with significantly lower susceptibility to late blight, and the determinate ‘Szentlőrinckáta’ (RCAT078726) with high yield as well as tolerance to early blight is also recommendable, but it is sensitive to late blight under an adverse environment. This study suggests that landraces are competitive with the studied commercial varieties under organic production systems. Considering yield and the prevention of the major diseases of tomato, the studied tomato gene bank accessions are recommended for organic field and protected management systems.
Krisztina Boziné-Pullai; László Csambalik; Dóra Drexler; Dániel Reiter; Ferenc Tóth; Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi; Márta Ladányi. Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms. Diversity 2021, 13, 195 .
AMA StyleKrisztina Boziné-Pullai, László Csambalik, Dóra Drexler, Dániel Reiter, Ferenc Tóth, Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi, Márta Ladányi. Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms. Diversity. 2021; 13 (5):195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrisztina Boziné-Pullai; László Csambalik; Dóra Drexler; Dániel Reiter; Ferenc Tóth; Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi; Márta Ladányi. 2021. "Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms." Diversity 13, no. 5: 195.
Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties—over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture.
Szilvia Bencze; Marianna Makádi; Tibor J. Aranyos; Mihály Földi; Péter Hertelendy; Péter Mikó; Sara Bosi; Lorenzo Negri; Dóra Drexler. Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture—Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1584 .
AMA StyleSzilvia Bencze, Marianna Makádi, Tibor J. Aranyos, Mihály Földi, Péter Hertelendy, Péter Mikó, Sara Bosi, Lorenzo Negri, Dóra Drexler. Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture—Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzilvia Bencze; Marianna Makádi; Tibor J. Aranyos; Mihály Földi; Péter Hertelendy; Péter Mikó; Sara Bosi; Lorenzo Negri; Dóra Drexler. 2020. "Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture—Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1584.
The increasing number of migrants and immigrants with Asian origin and a background of religion and philosophy like Buddhism is leading to a growing number of temple landscapes in Sweden, such as the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Building (Thai pavilion) in Jämtland and the Buddharama Temple (still under construction) in Fredrika, which would even be the largest Buddhist temple in Europe when finished. Moreover, the perception and estimation of both migrants and non-migrants are in like manner influenced by this multi-cultural environment (Buddhist Landscape). However, native and non-native people show a different recognition and understanding of temples as a result of their cultural background. This paper focuses on immigrant and native children, comparing, by means of landscape perception analysis, the role that landscape plays in these children’s relationships with everyday life places. Landscape is here “used” to investigate children’s points of view and different experiences in the frame of integration processes. In this sense landscape is understood as a kind of catalysing tool, linking physical characteristics of a place (denotative) and meanings attributed to them (connotative). Two study cases in the Veneto region – one urban, one rural setting – are presented, where immigration is currently changing territorial dynamics and social relations. The study focuses on Italian and foreign children aged 12 and employs a diversified qualitative approach including auto-photography as the main research method. Pictures taken by children were also used in photo-elicitation during interviews and focus groups. 462 pictures were collected and classified into different categories, accounting for both their denotative and connotative content. Concerning the last, place attachment, social relationships and functional value are more frequent as meanings assigned to everyday-life landscapes than aesthetic value, collective sense of place, and ecological value. Through statistical analysis it is possible to highlight three different styles used by children in relating with everyday life landscapes: “I am in it”, “We live in it” and “I look at it”. The latter is mostly chosen by immigrant children: their gaze seems more uncertain and hesitant, and yet also more curious and careful. These peculiarities might be enhanced and strengthen as capabilities in the integration process“. In Romania, several traditional cultural landscapes are of special interest because of their extraordinary quality. Until today they are inhabited and managed by societies of different ethnicities. For the assessment and preservation of natural and cultural heritage, landscape perception by the given group of inhabitants – and not merely the expert’s view – is of key interest. After an introduction to the “ethnic landscapes approach” this chapter presents a method for analyzing landscape perceptions of social groups as well as the result of a first application by Solymosi (2011). We outline a research programme for a comparative landscape analysis for Romanian landscapes inhabited, managed and perceived by different ethnicities.
Na Xiu; Benedetta Castiglioni; Alessia De Nardi; Gianpiero Dalla-Zuanna; Johannes Gnädinger; Katalin Solymosi; Inge Paulini; Dóra Drexler. Migrants and Non-Migrants Perception and Preferences. Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes 2015, 197 -234.
AMA StyleNa Xiu, Benedetta Castiglioni, Alessia De Nardi, Gianpiero Dalla-Zuanna, Johannes Gnädinger, Katalin Solymosi, Inge Paulini, Dóra Drexler. Migrants and Non-Migrants Perception and Preferences. Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes. 2015; ():197-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Xiu; Benedetta Castiglioni; Alessia De Nardi; Gianpiero Dalla-Zuanna; Johannes Gnädinger; Katalin Solymosi; Inge Paulini; Dóra Drexler. 2015. "Migrants and Non-Migrants Perception and Preferences." Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes , no. : 197-234.