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It is important to evaluate leaching behavior in agricultural soils to prevent the pollution of groundwater by pesticides. We identified the distribution coefficients (Kd) of ten pesticides with different physicochemical properties and compared their leaching characteristics using wick lysimeters from three distinct soil types on Jeju Island. The Kd values varied by pesticide and soil, but were within the range of 1.2 to 4231 L kg−1. Based on the European standard (Kd < 10 L kg−1), six pesticides (alachlor, ethoprophos, carbofuran, napropamide, tebuconazole, and etridiazole) were mobile in at least one tested soil, and their soil organic carbon affinity was ≤ 5.811. This value differed greatly from the other pesticides (16.533 and higher). The solubility of the six mobile pesticides was ≥ 32 mg L−1, which substantially differed from the other pesticides (≤ 0.71 mg L−1). Thus, we conclude that our mobility assessment, which is based on Kd values, can be used to predict the leaching of pesticides in the volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island. The use of pesticides should be strictly controlled to reduce the possibility of groundwater contamination.
Won-Pyo Park; Kong-Man Chang; Hae-Nam Hyun; Kyung-Hwan Boo; Bon-Jun Koo. Sorption and leaching characteristics of pesticides in volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island, Korea. Applied Biological Chemistry 2020, 63, 1 -13.
AMA StyleWon-Pyo Park, Kong-Man Chang, Hae-Nam Hyun, Kyung-Hwan Boo, Bon-Jun Koo. Sorption and leaching characteristics of pesticides in volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island, Korea. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2020; 63 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Pyo Park; Kong-Man Chang; Hae-Nam Hyun; Kyung-Hwan Boo; Bon-Jun Koo. 2020. "Sorption and leaching characteristics of pesticides in volcanic ash soils of Jeju Island, Korea." Applied Biological Chemistry 63, no. 1: 1-13.
The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of released silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) during the formation of volcanic ash soil on the content of Si in groundwater on Jeju Island. Volcanic ash soils in Jeju Island were formed from pyroclastic materials that originated from basalt. We sampled four profiles, including basaltic bedrock of each soil series with large variations in elevation (160–320 m) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; 1,800–2,600 mm). The soil and bedrock minerals were analyzed for weathering of volcanic ash soils related to mineralogical transformations and mobility of Si and Al. Andisols (above 2,000 mm MAP) were dominantly composed of allophane and gibbsite. In Andisols used in the study, 10–70% of Si was lost, whereas the amount of Al was relatively conserved. This is because Al forms Al-humus complex and Andisols contain allophane. In contrast, non-Andisols located at low altitude with lower than 1,800 mm MAP were enriched with considerable amounts of Si and Al, because non-Andisols have crystalline clay minerals and quartz. These results indicate that Andisols, which are widely distributed in Jeju Island, may play an important role in contributing to the high concentration of dissolved Si in the groundwater.
Won-Pyo Park; Bon-Jun Koo. Silicon and Aluminum Mobility in Soils of Jeju Island, Korea. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020, 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleWon-Pyo Park, Bon-Jun Koo. Silicon and Aluminum Mobility in Soils of Jeju Island, Korea. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2020; 2020 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Pyo Park; Bon-Jun Koo. 2020. "Silicon and Aluminum Mobility in Soils of Jeju Island, Korea." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020, no. : 1-12.
In this study, we investigated the concentrations of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident (FNPPA)-derived radiocesium (134Cs, 137Cs) deposited in the topsoil of Jeju Island, Korea. We also evaluated the soil inventories of radionuclides and compared the concentrations deposited by rainwater and fallout. We present the first evidence of FNPPA-derived radionuclides directly entering the environment of Jeju Island. In the case of FNPPA-derived 134Cs in soil, only a trace amount was identified in the surface layer (1 cm depth), whereas 137Cs derived from past atmospheric deposition of nuclear testing were detected along with those derived from the nuclear power plant accident. The total measured radiocesium (134Cs + 137Cs) indicates that although the value obtained from soils was slightly lower, both values were within the same order of magnitude. Of the FNPPA-derived radiocesium deposited in the soil, the impact from April 2011 was the largest at most sampling sites indicating that the radioactive plume directly covered Jeju Island. Furthermore, a variety of long- and short-lived gamma-emitting radionuclides were detected in the rainwater samples collected on April 7, 2011. Among them, short-lived radionuclides such as 140La, 110mAg, 95Nb, 125Sb, 113Sn, 129Te, 129mTe, 132Te, 132I, and 136Cs, were observed. The findings of this study provide evidence for the direct effects of FNPPA-derived radionuclides in Jeju Island. This is the first location in Korea and the first in the entire East Asian region, excluding Japan that is confirmed to have been directly affected FNPP accident.
Tae-Woo Kang; Young-Un Han; Eun Hye Na; Bon-Jun Koo; Won-Pyo Park. Deposition of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident-derived radiocesium in the soils of Jeju Island, Korea, and evidence for long- and short-lived radionuclides in rainwater. Chemosphere 2020, 264, 128457 .
AMA StyleTae-Woo Kang, Young-Un Han, Eun Hye Na, Bon-Jun Koo, Won-Pyo Park. Deposition of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident-derived radiocesium in the soils of Jeju Island, Korea, and evidence for long- and short-lived radionuclides in rainwater. Chemosphere. 2020; 264 ():128457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTae-Woo Kang; Young-Un Han; Eun Hye Na; Bon-Jun Koo; Won-Pyo Park. 2020. "Deposition of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident-derived radiocesium in the soils of Jeju Island, Korea, and evidence for long- and short-lived radionuclides in rainwater." Chemosphere 264, no. : 128457.
Silicon (Si) is found in various fractions of soil, depending on the pedogenic processes of the environment. Dissolved Si (DSi) is adsorbed in soil particles or leaches through the soil profile into the groundwater. The objective of this study is to quantify, using the sequential extraction method, the different Si fractions in volcanic ash soils on Jeju Island that may affect groundwater Si content, and to compare them with those in forest soils on mainland Korea. Most of the Si in these soils was bound in unavailable forms as primary and secondary silicates. The second largest proportion of Si in the non-Andisols of Jeju Island and Korean mainland soils was accumulated as amorphous Si, while in the Andisols of Jeju Island, the second most significant Si fraction was in pedogenic oxides and hydroxides. The products of these soil formations were short-range-order minerals such as allophane (4–40%). The adsorbed Si concentration tended to increase at lower depths in Andisols (100–1400 mg kg−1) and was approximately five times higher than that in non-Andisols. The results indicate that Si is more soluble in the Andisols of high precipitation regions and that Andisols on Jeju Island potentially affect groundwater Si concentration.
Won-Pyo Park; Hae-Nam Hyun; Bon-Jun Koo. Silicon Fractionation of Soluble Silicon in Volcanic Ash Soils That May Affect Groundwater Silicon Content on Jeju Island, Korea. Water 2020, 12, 2686 .
AMA StyleWon-Pyo Park, Hae-Nam Hyun, Bon-Jun Koo. Silicon Fractionation of Soluble Silicon in Volcanic Ash Soils That May Affect Groundwater Silicon Content on Jeju Island, Korea. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2686.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Pyo Park; Hae-Nam Hyun; Bon-Jun Koo. 2020. "Silicon Fractionation of Soluble Silicon in Volcanic Ash Soils That May Affect Groundwater Silicon Content on Jeju Island, Korea." Water 12, no. 10: 2686.
In soils, dissolved silicon (Si) is adsorbed onto soil particles or is leached into groundwater through the soil profile. Andisols may play an important role in contributing to high dissolved Si concentrations in groundwater on Jeju Island, Korea. In this study, we evaluated the available Si content that potentially affects groundwater composition and investigated the relationship between the available Si content and chemical properties of volcanic ash soil on Jeju Island. We used the 1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) to extract the available Si. Selected chemical properties were determined for 290 topsoil samples collected from different land sites throughout Jeju Island, and we analyzed the available Si content in the typifying pedons of Jeju Island and mainland Korea. The available Si content in Jeju Island topsoils ranged from 75 to 150 mg·kg−1, and the available Si content of Andisols in both orchards and grasslands was significantly higher than that of non-Andisols. The available Si content was highly correlated with the amounts of oxalate extractable Si, Al, and Fe in Andisols and was negatively related to the Alp/Alo ratio. With increasing elevation, we detected a decrease in the available Si and allophane content in Andisols, whereas Al-humus complexes increased with increasing elevation. The ratio of available Si in the lowest subsoil/topsoil increased to a value of 6.0, indicating that large amounts of available Si are present in the subsoil. The available Si content in the lowest subsoil of Andisols on Jeju Island was 10 times higher than that in the typifying pedons of the Korean mainland. In contrast, there were no differences in the available Si content between the topsoil and the subsoil of the typifying pedon series of Jeju and mainland non-Andisols because of differences in pedogenic processes. Collectively, our findings indicate that weathering of Andisols on Jeju Island potentially affects the Si concentration in groundwater.
Won-Pyo Park; Kwan-Cheol Song; Bon-Jun Koo; Hae-Nam Hyun. Distribution of Available Silicon of Volcanic Ash Soils in Jeju Island. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019, 2019, 1 -10.
AMA StyleWon-Pyo Park, Kwan-Cheol Song, Bon-Jun Koo, Hae-Nam Hyun. Distribution of Available Silicon of Volcanic Ash Soils in Jeju Island. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2019; 2019 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Pyo Park; Kwan-Cheol Song; Bon-Jun Koo; Hae-Nam Hyun. 2019. "Distribution of Available Silicon of Volcanic Ash Soils in Jeju Island." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019, no. : 1-10.
Results for the solubilization of metals from biosolid- (BSL-) treated soils by simulated organic acid-based synthetic root exudates (OA mixtures) of differing composition and concentrations are presented. This study used two BSL-treated Romona soils and a BSL-free Romona soil control that were collected from experimental plots of a long-term BSL land application experiment. Results indicate that the solubility of metals in a BSL-treated soil with 0.01 and 0.1 M OA mixtures was significantly higher than that of 0.001 M concentrations. Differences in composition of OAs caused by BSL treatment and the length of growing periods did not affect the solubility of metals. There were no significant differences in organic composition and metals extracted for plants grown at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. The amount of metals extracted tended to decrease with the increase of the pH. Results of metal dissolution kinetics indicate two-stage metal dissolution. A rapid dissolution of metals occurred in the first 15 minutes. For Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, approximately 60–70% of the metals were released in the first 15 minutes while the initial releases for Cr and Pb were approximately 30% of the total. It was then followed by a slow but steady release of additional metals over 48 hours.
Won-Pyo Park; Bon-Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; Thomas E. Ferko; Jonathan R. Parker; Tracy H. Ward; Stephanie V. Lara; Chau M. Nguyen. Dissolution of Metals from Biosolid-Treated Soils by Organic Acid Mixtures. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016, 2016, 1 -14.
AMA StyleWon-Pyo Park, Bon-Jun Koo, Andrew C. Chang, Thomas E. Ferko, Jonathan R. Parker, Tracy H. Ward, Stephanie V. Lara, Chau M. Nguyen. Dissolution of Metals from Biosolid-Treated Soils by Organic Acid Mixtures. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2016; 2016 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon-Pyo Park; Bon-Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; Thomas E. Ferko; Jonathan R. Parker; Tracy H. Ward; Stephanie V. Lara; Chau M. Nguyen. 2016. "Dissolution of Metals from Biosolid-Treated Soils by Organic Acid Mixtures." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016, no. : 1-14.
Metal uptake by different plant species was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in a sand-culture hydroponic medium. In a previous paper (Koo et al. 2006), we concluded that total quantities of organic acids were greatest in treatments containing both plants and biosolids, with lesser amounts in treatments with plants alone, biosolids-treated media alone, and a nutrient solution-irrigated blank medium. Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how organic acids in root exudates affect the absorption of metals by selected plants. We found that the concentrations of metals in the plant tissue grown on biosolids-treated medium were always higher than that from the standard medium, irrespective of species and cultivar. The amount of metal transferred from the biosolids-treated medium to the plant varied with the metal element, following the order: Cd > Ni = Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr. Interspecies and cultivar differences in metal uptake were trivial compared to differences induced by the treatment. The metal uptake decreased with the growth period, and the kinetics of metal uptake, as indicated by accumulation in corn shoots, were essentially a first order during the initial 4 weeks of growth, especially for Cd and Zn.
Bon-Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; David E. Crowley; Al L. Page; Alexandria Taylor. Availability and Plant Uptake of Biosolid-Borne Metals. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013, 2013, 1 -10.
AMA StyleBon-Jun Koo, Andrew C. Chang, David E. Crowley, Al L. Page, Alexandria Taylor. Availability and Plant Uptake of Biosolid-Borne Metals. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2013; 2013 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBon-Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; David E. Crowley; Al L. Page; Alexandria Taylor. 2013. "Availability and Plant Uptake of Biosolid-Borne Metals." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013, no. : 1-10.
Organic acids present in the rhizosphere of growing plants are widely recognized to be responsible for dissolving the solid phase metals in the soil and making them available for plant absorption. We proposed a root exudates-based model to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soils. The phytoavailability of biosolids-borne metals was defined in terms of a capacity factor and an intensity factor. The plant available metal pool, C0 (capacity factor, mg kg−1), can be estimated by fitting the successive organic acids extraction data to an exponential decay kinetic equation. The field metal removal rate, k (intensity factor, yr−1), can be estimated from the successive extraction-based metal release rate through an effective annual organic acid production in the rhizosphere which was found to be characteristic of plant species. The protocol was successfully used to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soil from two biosolids land application sites.
Bon-Jun Koo; Weiping Chen; Andrew C. Chang; Albert L. Page; Thomas C. Granato; Robert H. Dowdy. A root exudates based approach to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soils. Environmental Pollution 2010, 158, 2582 -2588.
AMA StyleBon-Jun Koo, Weiping Chen, Andrew C. Chang, Albert L. Page, Thomas C. Granato, Robert H. Dowdy. A root exudates based approach to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soils. Environmental Pollution. 2010; 158 (8):2582-2588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBon-Jun Koo; Weiping Chen; Andrew C. Chang; Albert L. Page; Thomas C. Granato; Robert H. Dowdy. 2010. "A root exudates based approach to assess the long-term phytoavailability of metals in biosolids-amended soils." Environmental Pollution 158, no. 8: 2582-2588.
Bon-Jun Koo; A.C. Chang; A.L. Page; T. C. Granato; R. H Dowdy. Assessing Long-term Plant Availability of Biosolids-borne Heavy Metals Accumulated in Cropland Soils. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, 2008, 57 -76.
AMA StyleBon-Jun Koo, A.C. Chang, A.L. Page, T. C. Granato, R. H Dowdy. Assessing Long-term Plant Availability of Biosolids-borne Heavy Metals Accumulated in Cropland Soils. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2008; 2008 (3):57-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBon-Jun Koo; A.C. Chang; A.L. Page; T. C. Granato; R. H Dowdy. 2008. "Assessing Long-term Plant Availability of Biosolids-borne Heavy Metals Accumulated in Cropland Soils." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 3: 57-76.
Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium. Total quantities of organic acids were greatest in treatments containing both plants and biosolids, with lesser amounts in treatments with plants alone, biosolids‐treated media alone, and a nutrient solution–irrigated blank medium. Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere and influenced the composition of organic acid mixtures. Only lactic, acetic, butyric, and oxalic acids were detected in media without plants. When the medium was planted, additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinic, valeric, glutaric, pyruvic, and propionic. Lactic, acetic, and butyric acids were predominant in solutions recovered from the planted media and collectively accounted for 0.65 to 0.75 of the COO− mole fraction. Oxalic, maleic, and tartaric acids were the second most abundant and varied from 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction, followed by succinic, valeric, glutaric, propionic, and pyruvic acids, comprising ≤0.05 of the mole fraction. Plant growth stage had no effect on relative proportions of organic acids but did influence the total quantities of organic acids recovered. Biosolids sources did not have a significant effect on either the quantity or composition of organic acids in any media. The predominance of organic acids that are microbial fermentation products suggests that the carbon contained in root exudates and biosolid amendments was transformed into a mixture of various fermentation products that accumulated in the rhizosphere solution and sand medium as a result of microbial growth and activity.
Bon‐Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; David Crowley; Al L. Page. Characterization of Organic Acids Recovered from Rhizosphere of Corn Grown on Biosolids‐Treated Medium. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2006, 37, 871 -887.
AMA StyleBon‐Jun Koo, Andrew C. Chang, David Crowley, Al L. Page. Characterization of Organic Acids Recovered from Rhizosphere of Corn Grown on Biosolids‐Treated Medium. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2006; 37 (5-6):871-887.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBon‐Jun Koo; Andrew C. Chang; David Crowley; Al L. Page. 2006. "Characterization of Organic Acids Recovered from Rhizosphere of Corn Grown on Biosolids‐Treated Medium." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37, no. 5-6: 871-887.
A.C. Chang; A.L. Page; Bon-Jun Koo. Biogeochemistry of phosphorus, iron, and trace elements in soils as influenced by soil-plant-microbial interactions. Developments in Soil Science 2002, 28, 43 -57.
AMA StyleA.C. Chang, A.L. Page, Bon-Jun Koo. Biogeochemistry of phosphorus, iron, and trace elements in soils as influenced by soil-plant-microbial interactions. Developments in Soil Science. 2002; 28 ():43-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.C. Chang; A.L. Page; Bon-Jun Koo. 2002. "Biogeochemistry of phosphorus, iron, and trace elements in soils as influenced by soil-plant-microbial interactions." Developments in Soil Science 28, no. : 43-57.