Intensive cultivation and excess chemical fertilizer continuous tillage activity have shown that environmental, soil & water degradation in South Asia has produced serious problems in soil health or agricultural development with a rise in population. The desire for renewable alternatives has therefore been underestimated. The effect on cropping efficiency, machine productivity and development economy of two tillage cum (Vermicompost and FYM manure, Urea, and DAP) or two facts regarding the application of foliar spray and without zinc fertilizers were evaluated. Conventional tillage (1 ploughing by tractor drawn disc plough + 2 harrowing + 1 fb cultivator with planking) increased grain yield (10.85 percent) and (7.21), both during the first and second years of experimental plots, over minimum tillage (1 ploughing by tractor drawn rotavator) (MT). The improved grain output of wheat was primarily due to increased tiller development in CT treatments during both the years. Similarly, maximum most of the growth attributes, productivity components and physical quality charcters were recorded in CT tillage practice. In the joint management of inorganic or organic nitrogen, significant and maximum grain (4.63 t/ha) and straw (8.97 t/ha) yield, weight of spike (2.68 g), length of grain (6.49 mm), breadth of grain (3.29 mm) and length: breadth ratio of grain (1.98) were recorded during 2015-16, However purely chemical fertilizer applied treatment recorded during first year significant and maximum number of tillers per hill (3.14), leaf area index (2.31), plant dry matter (13.09 g plant^-1), grain yield (4.00 t ha^-1), straw yield (7.87 t ha^-1), number of grains per spike (42.42) and weight of spike (2.62 g), respectively.Soil cultivation by CT with fertilized fertilizer at the prescribed total dose of nitrogen 120 kg/ha, in which ½ nitrogen through organic (Vermicompost 3000 kg/ha) and ½ through inorganic (Urea, 117.69 kg/ha and (Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 32.60 kg/ha) during second year with foliar applications of zinc (2.50 kg/ha) were found to increase crop productivity and resilience in management.Soil chemical quality status increased after second year of experiment in combined used of MT (1 ploughing by tractor drawn rotavator) and organic (Vermicompost 4500 kg/ha) and inorganic fertilization ½ through inorganic (Urea, 44.16 kg/ha and (Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 48.91kg/ha) with foliar applications of zinc (2.50 kg/ha).

To determine how intra-row spacing and potassium levels affected sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Saccharata), a field experiment was conducted in Junagadh (Gujarat) during the Rabi season of 2016–17. Four levels of intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) and four potassium levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg K₂O/ha) were combined into sixteen different treatment combinations. Three replications of a factorial randomized block design were used to set up the experiment. Based on the data of growth attributes significant and maximum recorded dry matter accumulation (102.46 and 144.54 g plant^-1 ) at 60 DAS and harvest, absolute growth rate (3.07 and 1.41 g day^-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, crop growth rate (0.00275 and 0.00126 g m^-2day^-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest under the treatment intra-row spacing (20 cm), respectively. According to data on growth attributes, the treatment (K₄) 60 K₂O + 120 N₂O + 60 P₂O₅ kg/ha resulted in significant and maximum dry matter accumulation (96.93 and 142.00 g plant^-1) at 60 DAS and harvest, absolute growth rate (3.03 and 1.39 g day^-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, and crop growth rate (0.00272 and 0.00124 g m^-2day^-1) respectively. Economic analysis showed that higher net returns and B: C ratio from sweet corn (Sweet-16) can be secured by sowing the crop at 20 cm intra-row spacing + application of 60 kg K₂O/ha.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201415 and 201516 at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, nitrogen and zinc management on productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India. Treatments consisted of combina- tions of 2 tillage practices mainplots, viz. Conventional tillage (T ) and minimum tillage (T ) with different sources 1 2 of organic manure and nitrogen management, viz. N (control); N , [50% recommended dose of N (RDN) through 0 1 (urea + diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer] + 50% RDN through FYM; N , (25% RDN through (urea + DAP 2 fertilizer] + 75% RDN through FYM; N , 50% RDN through (urea + DAP fertilizer) + 50% RDN through 3 vermicompost; N , 25% RDN through (urea + DAP fertilizer) + 75% RDN through vermicompost; and N , 100% 4 5 RDN through (urea + DAP fertilizer), in subplots and 0.5% zinc foliar spray (Z ) along with the control (no foliar 1 spray, Z ) were taken in sub-subplots in a split-split plot design with 3 replications. Pooled data indicated that, crop 0 cultivated by conventional tillage resulted in significantly the highest grain yield (3.89 t/ha) and gross returns ( 93,507/ha). However, significantly the highest benefit: cost ratio (1.407) was evident in conservation tillage- based minimum tillage. In balanced nitrogen-fertilization treatment N significant and maximum grain yield (4.14 t/ 3 ha), straw yield (8.39 t/ha) and gross returns ( 10,025/ha) were obtained. Significant and maximum soil-fertility status was recorded for available N, P, K and B contents in treatment N . Significantly the highest net returns 4 ( 62,285/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.944) were noted in the treatment N . In zinc foliar spray, significantly higher 5 grain (3.86 t/ha) and straw yields (7.86 t/ha), gross returns ( 93,312/ha), net returns ( 53,251/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.372) with soil fertility N (245.54 ppm) were recorded in treatment Z . Interaction of T N Z treatment 1 1 3 1 resulted significantly higher grain yield. However, significantly higher net returns were recorded in T N Z . The 1 5 1 benefit: cost ratio was maximum in interaction of T N Z . 2 5 1