Colostrum is a natural product, issued by both mammals and humans in the first week of lactation. Among different species, donkey colostrum is considered to have, in addition to a valuable composition in nutrients and immune factors, an outstanding similitude with human colostrum. In this context, and taking into account the scarcity of available data concerning the interaction between climate factors and colostrum quality, a trial was conducted aiming to identify the possible influence of environmental factors on donkey colostrum nutritional traits. A stock of 175 jennies from 7 farms located in Cluj and Sălaj Counties was analyzed over a 7-day postpartum period. During the experimental period, the daily temperature, humidity, and wind velocity data were collected. Strong positive correlations are reported between the studied colostrum nutritional traits (fat, protein and lactose). Testing the impact of some environmental parameters upon nutritional content of donkey colostrum indicated three factors that have an influence on the nutritional quality of donkey milk colostrum, labelled as: colostrum nutritional traits, environmental air traits and some colostrum nutritional traits, and climatic traits and some colostrum nutritional traits.

The maize crop is an essential contributor to food security. At a global level, it is the cereal with the highest production, and the second imported commodity. This study evaluates the impact of precision agriculture on the morpho-productive traits and agronomic efficiency of the Turda 201 maize hybrid under distinct cultivation systems. A bifactorial field trial was conducted in Cojocna, Transylvania (Romania), using two factors: the farming system (organic vs. conventional) and the cultivation technology (standard vs. precision). The work hypothesis is that precision agriculture can enhance maize performance compared to standard methods. The results indicated that morphological traits such as plant height (197 cm), cob length (17.20 cm), and leaf number (10.60) were significantly higher in the conventional system, particularly under precision technology. In the organic system, while improvements were observed with precision input, overall growth and yield remained lower. The same trends are seen in production traits, which are lower in an organic system compared with conventional (6464.22 kg/ha vs. 9204 kg/ha, when precision technology was used). Agronomic efficiency has a spectacular increase in the conventional–precision experimental variant (4.92 kg/kg) compared with the organic–standard experimental variant (0.002 kg/kg). Crude protein, dry matter, nitrogen-free matter, and starch content are the main qualitative maize characteristics influenced by the cropping system and technology. The conventional–precision experimental variant led to the highest values of the above-mentioned parameters compared with the organic–standard experimental variant (86.90% vs. 83.60% dry matter; 10.75% vs. 8.65% crude protein; 72.60% vs. 64.40% nitrogen-free matter; 83.15% vs. 79.50% starch). Principal Component Analysis revealed that the crop system (PC1) was the dominant factor influencing morpho-productive traits, while environmental factors (PC2) contributed mainly to the variability of the characteristics. These findings support the use of precision agriculture as a tool for enhancing sustainable maize production, particularly in conventional systems.

The potato is a plant which has great importance for human nutrition, animal feed and industrial processing. Mid early potato varieties studied (Amelia, Robusta, Christian, Dacia, Impala and Roclas) reacted differently to the application of treatments wuth conventional and unconventional products. As is clear from the data obtained, the application of both conventional and unconventional treatments, the varieties taken into study, reacted differently to the application of the same treatments.We conclude that this is due to the effects of remineralization, rebalancing and regenerating of the metabolic processes of plants, nutrient content of main products, secondary products and trace elements acting on the plant cells, even in relatively unfavorable climatic conditions for potato culture.

The organisms of phytosanitary quarantine play an important role within national monitoring programmes of vegetable cultures. Whatever, pathogens, weeds, etc. they are nominated and taken under strict survey by national authorities. In Romania, they are nominated, monitored and managed by the National Phytosanitary Authority. Experiments were developed during March and middle of July 2014. The experimental field was located in Jucu village, belonging to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, on potato and tomato cultures. The presence of the pathogens and mites was monitored, and their attack degree was recorded. Data were statistically processed with IBM SPSS 20 programme. The results of our experiment emphasized that only small part of the organisms under phytosanitary quarantine were present, weeds mainly, but diseases produced by other pathogens (late blight and powdery mildew) were recorded, and they produced important damages in monitored cultures. Our study demonstrates that not all phytosanitary quarantine organisms nominated by the Romanian National Phytosanitary Authority were recorded in tomato and potato cultures managed in conventional system in Cluj area, but the most important damages were produced by other pathogens, late blight and powdery mildew, respectively.