A previous study found that an AAAG-rich Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), designated as MS19, could lessen the acute lung inflammatory injury (ALII) in mice infected by influenza viruses. Bioinformatics analysis found that MS19 is consensus with the binding site of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in the regulatory elements of pro-inflammatory genes. This study established a septic peritonitis model in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli), and found that MS19 prolonged the survival of the mice and down-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In cultured RAW264.7 cells, MS19 significantly reduced the expression of iNOS, IRF5, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibited the nuclear translocation of IRF5. This data may provide a new insight for understanding how MS19 reduces the excessive inflammatory responses in sepsis.

This paper discusses the SS transport by horizontal large eddies (HLE) from a narrow channel to surrounding vegetation areas in a constructed wetland. A series of flume experiments were carried out for several conditions of width/depth ratio and Reynolds number, referring to the ranges of the parameters reported in an actual constructed wetland. The unsteady velocity field was measured in detail by PIV technique. Numerical simulations were conducted under the same conditions as the experiments, and computation results agreed with observation results very well. The study clarified the dependency of HLE scale and intensity on the above mentioned two parameters. Numerical tracer experiments were conducted to investigate the basic characteristics of SS transport by HLE. The results show that the range of SS intrusion to vegetation areas is comparable with channel width. This fact suggests that a system of channels should be designed to distribute SS in a wide area of vegetation in a constructed wetland.