Seawater electrolysis driven by renewable energy (such as wind, solar and tidal energy) offers a promising route to produce high energy density hydrogen (H₂), which is a potentially attractive technology in the framework of carbon-neutral energy production. In contrast to the limited freshwater resource, seawater is an abundant resource that is receiving growing attention for electrolysis as it significantly alleviates the demand for freshwater use. Nevertheless, seawater electrolysis has so far suffered from low selectivity and poor stability issues for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to chloride-induced competitive oxidation reactions and corrosion, which seriously affects the H₂ production efficiency by seawater electrolysis and hinders the practical application of this technology. Herein, this review comprehensively overviews the recent progress of OER in seawater electrolysis, with an emphasis on the current effective strategies for achieving high OER selectivity and stability by the rational design of electrocatalysts, electrolytes and electrolyzers. Specifically, we first classify the design strategies to improve OER selectivity in seawater electrolysis, including the alkaline design criterion, designing selective OER active sites, decorating the Cl⁻ blocking layer, constructing a 3D hierarchical structure and engineering surface wettability. Moreover, the stability of OER can be improved significantly through some effective strategies, such as establishing a surface protective layer, in situ generating anti-corrosion species, structural buffer engineering, adding additives into the electrolyte, and designing electrolyzers. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for further development of seawater electrolysis systems are also proposed.

Effectively achieving wound healing is a great challenge. Herein, we facilely prepared temperature-responsive MXene nanobelt fibers (T-RMFs) carrying vitamin E with a controllable release ability for wound healing. These T-RMFs were composed of MXene nanosheets spread along polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite nanobelts together with a thermosensitive PAAV- coating layer. The high mass loading and high surface area of the MXene nanosheets endow the T-RMFs with excellent photothermal properties. The temperature could be easily controlled by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation exposure, and then the thermoresponsive polymeric coating layer relaxed the interface to dissolve vitamin E and promote vitamin E release. The T-RMFs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and wound-healing functions in cellular and animal tests. The facile method, high mass loading, high surface area, excellent wound-healing functions, interesting nanosheet/nanobelt structure, mass production potential, and NIR responsive properties of these T-RMFs indicate the great potential of our nanobelts for wound healing, tissue engineering, and much broader application areas. This facile nanosheet/nanobelt preparation strategy paves a new way for nanomaterial fabrication and applications.