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This paper presents a review of literature on the development of climate economy models in Malaysia from 1988 to 2020. The type of climate economic models used in Malaysia and their attributes were analyzed. The key attributes reviewed include functions, capability, the various approaches, types of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and various sectors included in the modelling. The review analysis revealed that climate economic modelling in Malaysia can be categorized into two groups namely Input-Output (I-O) table and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) models as well as the Integrated Assessment Models (IAM). Both groups of climate economic models complement each other in functional capability to do top-down or bottom-up as well as short-term and long-term analysis. The key contribution of this review is in discovering three key gap clusters that exist in climate economic modelling in Malaysia. These gaps include the coverage on types of GHGs, disclosing the GHG sector’s coverage in the modelling, and the discovering of the exclusion of climate damage functions as well as the unavailability of customized functions to suit Malaysia's climate and geography. These three key gaps need to be urgently addressed for effective policy interventions in Malaysia and to meet the global goals of the Paris Agreement.
Thirupathi Rao; Siti Mustapa. A Review of Climate Economic Models in Malaysia. Sustainability 2020, 13, 325 .
AMA StyleThirupathi Rao, Siti Mustapa. A Review of Climate Economic Models in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThirupathi Rao; Siti Mustapa. 2020. "A Review of Climate Economic Models in Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 325.
This study presents an overview of the economic analysis and environmental impact of natural gas conversion technologies. Published articles related to economic analysis and environmental impact of natural gas conversion technologies were reviewed and discussed. The economic analysis revealed that the capital and the operating expenditure of each of the conversion process is strongly dependent on the sophistication of the technical designs. The emerging technologies are yet to be economically viable compared to the well-established steam reforming process. However, appropriate design modifications could significantly reduce the operating expenditure and enhance the economic feasibility of the process. The environmental analysis revealed that emerging technologies such as carbon dioxide (CO2) reforming and the thermal decomposition of natural gas offer advantages of lower CO2 emissions and total environmental impact compared to the well-established steam reforming process. Appropriate design modifications such as steam reforming with carbon capture, storage and utilization, the use of an optimized catalyst in thermal decomposition, and the use of solar concentrators for heating instead of fossil fuel were found to significantly reduced the CO2 emissions of the processes. There was a dearth of literature on the economic analysis and environmental impact of photocatalytic and biochemical conversion processes, which calls for increased research attention that could facilitate a comparative analysis with the thermochemical processes.
Freida Ayodele; Siti Mustapa; Bamidele Ayodele; Norsyahida Mohammad. An Overview of Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas Conversion Technologies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10148 .
AMA StyleFreida Ayodele, Siti Mustapa, Bamidele Ayodele, Norsyahida Mohammad. An Overview of Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas Conversion Technologies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFreida Ayodele; Siti Mustapa; Bamidele Ayodele; Norsyahida Mohammad. 2020. "An Overview of Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas Conversion Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10148.
This study investigates the use of a non-linear autoregressive exogenous neural network (NARX) model to investigate the nexus between energy usability, economic indicators, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in four Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Optimized NARX model architectures of 5-29-1, 5-19-1, 5-17-1, 5-13-1 representing the input nodes, hidden neurons and the output units were obtained from the series of models configured. Based on the relationship between the input variables, CO2 emissions were predicted with a high correlation coefficient (R) > 0.9. and low mean square errors (MSE) of 3.92 × 10−21, 4.15 × 10−23, 2.02 × 10−19, 1.32 × 10−20 for Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines, respectively. Coal consumption has the highest level of influence on CO2 emissions in the four ASEAN countries based on the sensitivity analysis. These findings suggest that government policies in the four ASEAN countries should be more intensified on strategies to reduce CO2 emissions in relationship with the energy and economic indicators.
Siti Indati Mustapa; Freida Ozavize Ayodele; Bamidele Victor Ayodele; Norsyahida Mohammad. Nexus between Energy Usability, Economic Indicators and Environmental Sustainability in Four ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network Modelling Approach. Processes 2020, 8, 1529 .
AMA StyleSiti Indati Mustapa, Freida Ozavize Ayodele, Bamidele Victor Ayodele, Norsyahida Mohammad. Nexus between Energy Usability, Economic Indicators and Environmental Sustainability in Four ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network Modelling Approach. Processes. 2020; 8 (12):1529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Indati Mustapa; Freida Ozavize Ayodele; Bamidele Victor Ayodele; Norsyahida Mohammad. 2020. "Nexus between Energy Usability, Economic Indicators and Environmental Sustainability in Four ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network Modelling Approach." Processes 8, no. 12: 1529.
The need to mitigate CO2 emissions from the transportation sector has necessitated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and other forms of alternative vehicles. Despite the global rise of EVs demand as a complementary means of green transportations, the level of adoption in Malaysia is still not encouraging. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cost competitiveness of EVs in comparison with Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and an Internal Combustion Vehicle (ICV) based on Malaysia scenarios. Using the existing data in Malaysia, life cost analysis (LCC) of two EVs was computed and compared with HEVs and ICVs. The study shows that Nissan leaf and BMW i3s EVs with LCC of $1.75 and $2.5 per km are not cost-competitive based on prevalent data available in Malaysia compared to the HEVs and ICV. Based on the sensitivity analysis, changes in the components of the operating costs significantly influence the accumulated cost of ownership of the EVs whereas the cost of ownership of the HEVs and ICVs did not experience any significant influence. The findings from this study could serve as bases for policymakers to formulate appropriate policies and strategies to improve the competitiveness of EVs in Malaysia.
Siti Mustapa; Bamidele Ayodele; Waznatol Mohamad Ishak; Freida Ayodele. Evaluation of Cost Competitiveness of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5303 .
AMA StyleSiti Mustapa, Bamidele Ayodele, Waznatol Mohamad Ishak, Freida Ayodele. Evaluation of Cost Competitiveness of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Mustapa; Bamidele Ayodele; Waznatol Mohamad Ishak; Freida Ayodele. 2020. "Evaluation of Cost Competitiveness of Electric Vehicles in Malaysia Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5303.
The transportation sector has been reported as a key contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Hence, the need for the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) into the transportation sector. However, the competitiveness of the EVs with the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles has been a bone of contention. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an important tool that can be employed to determine the competitiveness of a product in its early stage of production. This review examines different published articles on LCCA of EVs using Scopus and Web of Science databases. The time trend of the published articles from 2001 to 2019 was examined. Moreover, the LCC obtained from the different models of EVs were compared. There was a growing interest in research on the LCC of EVs as indicated by the upward increase in the number of published articles. A variation in the LCC of the different EVs studied was observed to depend on several factors. Based on the LCC, EVs were found not yet competitive with conventional internal combustion engine cars due to the high cost of batteries. However, advancement in technologies with incentives could bring down the cost of EV batteries to make it competitive in the future.
Bamidele Victor Ayodele; Siti Indati Mustapa. Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2387 .
AMA StyleBamidele Victor Ayodele, Siti Indati Mustapa. Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBamidele Victor Ayodele; Siti Indati Mustapa. 2020. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2387.
The thermo-catalytic and biochemical conversion of biomass to hydrogen-rich syngas has been widely reported with less emphasis on the environmental implications of the processes. This mini-review presents an overview of different thermo-catalytic route of converting biomass to hydrogen-rich syngas as well as their environmental impact investigated using life cycle assessment methodology. The review revealed that most of the authors employed, biomass gasification, biomass pyrolysis, reforming and fermentative processes for the hydrogen-rich syngas production. Global warming potential was observed as the most significant environmental impact reported in the reviewed articles. The CO2 equivalent emissions were found to varies with each of the processes and the type of feedstock used. Trends from literature shows that both thermo-catalytic and biochemical processes have competitive advantages and potential to compete favorable with the existing technology used for hydrogen production. Nevertheless, it cannot be ascertained that these technologies should be excluded from environmental burdens. This mini-review could be a quick guide to future research interest in environmental impact of hydrogen-rich syngas production by thermo-catalytic and biochemical conversion of biomass.
Bamidele Victor Ayodele; Siti Indati Mustapa; Tuan Ab Rashid Bin Tuan Abdullah; Siti Fatihah Bte Salleh. A Mini-Review on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production by Thermo-Catalytic and Bioconversion of Biomass and Its Environmental Implications. Frontiers in Energy Research 2019, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleBamidele Victor Ayodele, Siti Indati Mustapa, Tuan Ab Rashid Bin Tuan Abdullah, Siti Fatihah Bte Salleh. A Mini-Review on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production by Thermo-Catalytic and Bioconversion of Biomass and Its Environmental Implications. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2019; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBamidele Victor Ayodele; Siti Indati Mustapa; Tuan Ab Rashid Bin Tuan Abdullah; Siti Fatihah Bte Salleh. 2019. "A Mini-Review on Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production by Thermo-Catalytic and Bioconversion of Biomass and Its Environmental Implications." Frontiers in Energy Research 7, no. : 1.