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Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the parafollicular C-cells, which produces the hormone calcitonin. RET is a transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed in MTC. Our previous studies reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, including MTC. However, the role of CDK5 in GDNF-induced RET signaling in medullary thyroid cancer proliferation remains unknown. Here, we investigated RET activation and its biochemically interaction with CDK5 in GDNF-induced medullary thyroid cancer proliferation. Our results demonstrated that GDNF stimulated RET phosphorylation and thus subsequently resulted in CDK5 activation by its phosphorylation. Activated CDK5 further caused STAT3 activation by its specific phosphorylation at Ser727. Moreover, we also found that GDNF treatment enhanced ERK1/2 and EGR1 activity, which is involved in p35 activation. Interestingly, we identified for the first time that CDK5 physically interacted with RET protein in MTC. Overall, our results provide a new mechanism for medullary thyroid cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that targeting CDK5 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for human medullary thyroid cancer in the near future.
Chia-Herng Yue; Muhammet Oner; Chih-Yuan Chiu; Mei-Chih Chen; Chieh-Lin Teng; Hsin-Yi Wang; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Chih-Ho Lai; Ho Lin. RET Regulates Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation through CDK5 and STAT3 Activation. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 860 .
AMA StyleChia-Herng Yue, Muhammet Oner, Chih-Yuan Chiu, Mei-Chih Chen, Chieh-Lin Teng, Hsin-Yi Wang, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Chih-Ho Lai, Ho Lin. RET Regulates Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation through CDK5 and STAT3 Activation. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (6):860.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChia-Herng Yue; Muhammet Oner; Chih-Yuan Chiu; Mei-Chih Chen; Chieh-Lin Teng; Hsin-Yi Wang; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Chih-Ho Lai; Ho Lin. 2021. "RET Regulates Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation through CDK5 and STAT3 Activation." Biomolecules 11, no. 6: 860.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family. CDK5 is activated by binding with its regulatory proteins, mainly p35, and its activation is essential in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been reported that CDK5 plays important roles in regulating various biological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Concerning prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) is majorly involved in tumorigenesis, while CDK5 can phosphorylate AR and promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Clinical evidence has also shown that the level of CDK5 is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Interestingly, inhibition of CDK5 prevents prostate cancer cell growth, while drug-triggered CDK5 hyperactivation leads to apoptosis. The blocking of CDK5 activity by its small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or Roscovitine, a pan-CDK inhibitor, reduces the cellular AR protein level and triggers the death of prostate cancer cells. Thus, CDK5 plays a crucial role in the growth of prostate cancer cells, and AR regulation is one of the important pathways. In this review paper, we summarize the significant studies on CDK5-mediated regulation of prostate cancer cells. We propose that the CDK5–p35 complex might be an outstanding candidate as a diagnostic marker and potential target for prostate cancer treatment in the near future.
Muhammet Oner; Eugene Lin; Mei-Chih Chen; Fu-Ning Hsu; G. M. Shazzad Hossain Prince; Kun-Yuan Chiu; Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng; Tsung-Ying Yang; Hsin-Yi Wang; Chia-Herng Yue; Ching-Han Yu; Chih-Ho Lai; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Ho Lin. Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 3881 .
AMA StyleMuhammet Oner, Eugene Lin, Mei-Chih Chen, Fu-Ning Hsu, G. M. Shazzad Hossain Prince, Kun-Yuan Chiu, Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng, Tsung-Ying Yang, Hsin-Yi Wang, Chia-Herng Yue, Ching-Han Yu, Chih-Ho Lai, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Ho Lin. Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (16):3881.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammet Oner; Eugene Lin; Mei-Chih Chen; Fu-Ning Hsu; G. M. Shazzad Hossain Prince; Kun-Yuan Chiu; Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng; Tsung-Ying Yang; Hsin-Yi Wang; Chia-Herng Yue; Ching-Han Yu; Chih-Ho Lai; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Ho Lin. 2019. "Future Aspects of CDK5 in Prostate Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16: 3881.
Arecoline is the primary alkaloid in betel nuts, which are known as a risk factor for oral submucosal fibrosis and oral cancer. Lung cancer is a severe type of carcinoma with high cell motility that is difficult to treat. However, the detailed mechanisms of the correlation between Arecoline and lung cancer are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway. Our results indicate that different concentrations of Arecoline treatment (10 µM, 20 µM, and 40 µM) significantly increased the cell migration ability in A549 and CL1-0 cells and promoted the formation of the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton, which is a crucial element for cell migration. However, migration of H460, CL1-5, and H520 cell lines, which have a higher migration ability, was not affected by Arecoline treatment. The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines. Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells. Gefitinib or Dasatinib treatment significantly disrupted the Arecoline-induced localization of phospho-Y576-Fak during focal adhesion in A549 cells. Interestingly, Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells was blocked by a specific mAChR3 inhibitor (4-DAMP) or a neutralizing antibody of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP7 or Matrilysin). Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.
Chih-Hsiang Chang; Mei-Chih Chen; Te-Huan Chiu; Yu-Hsuan Li; Wan-Chen Yu; Wan-Ling Liao; Muhammet Oner; Chang-Tze Ricky Yu; Chun-Chi Wu; Tsung-Ying Yang; Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng; Kun-Yuan Chiu; Kun-Chien Chen; Hsin-Yi Wang; Chia-Herng Yue; Chih-Ho Lai; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Ho Lin. Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway. Toxins 2019, 11, 185 .
AMA StyleChih-Hsiang Chang, Mei-Chih Chen, Te-Huan Chiu, Yu-Hsuan Li, Wan-Chen Yu, Wan-Ling Liao, Muhammet Oner, Chang-Tze Ricky Yu, Chun-Chi Wu, Tsung-Ying Yang, Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng, Kun-Yuan Chiu, Kun-Chien Chen, Hsin-Yi Wang, Chia-Herng Yue, Chih-Ho Lai, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Ho Lin. Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway. Toxins. 2019; 11 (4):185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChih-Hsiang Chang; Mei-Chih Chen; Te-Huan Chiu; Yu-Hsuan Li; Wan-Chen Yu; Wan-Ling Liao; Muhammet Oner; Chang-Tze Ricky Yu; Chun-Chi Wu; Tsung-Ying Yang; Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng; Kun-Yuan Chiu; Kun-Chien Chen; Hsin-Yi Wang; Chia-Herng Yue; Chih-Ho Lai; Jer-Tsong Hsieh; Ho Lin. 2019. "Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway." Toxins 11, no. 4: 185.