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The exploration of new green, ecofriendly bioactive compounds has attracted the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide to avoid the harmful effects of chemically synthesized compounds. Persicaria lapathifolia has been reported to have various bioactive compounds, while its essential oil (EO) has not been determined yet. The current work dealt with the first description of the chemical composition of the EO from the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia, along with studying its free radical scavenging activity and herbicidal effect on the weed Echinochloa colona. Twenty-one volatile compounds were identified via GC–MS analysis. Nonterpenoids were the main components, with a relative concentration of 58.69%, in addition to terpenoids (37.86%) and carotenoid-derived compounds (1.75%). n-dodecanal (22.61%), α-humulene (11.29%), 2,4-dimethylicosane (8.97%), 2E-hexenoic acid (8.04%), γ-nonalactone (3.51%), and limonene (3.09%) were characterized as main compounds. The extracted EO exhibited substantial allelopathic activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of the weed E. colona in a dose-dependent manner, showing IC50 values of 77.27, 60.84, and 33.80 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the P. lapathifolia EO showed substantial antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EO attained IC50 values of 159.69 and 230.43 mg L−1, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, while ascorbic acid exhibited IC50 values 47.49 and 56.68 mg L−1, respectively. The present results showed that the emergent leafy stems of aquatic plants such as P. lapathifolia have considerably low content of the EO, which exhibited substantial activities such as antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Further study is recommended to evaluate the effects of various environmental and climatic conditions on the production and composition of the EOs of P. lapathifolia.
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Giuliano Bonanomi; Sarah A. Al-Rashed; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona. Plants 2021, 10, 1798 .
AMA StyleAhmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Giuliano Bonanomi, Sarah A. Al-Rashed, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona. Plants. 2021; 10 (9):1798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Giuliano Bonanomi; Sarah A. Al-Rashed; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. 2021. "Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona." Plants 10, no. 9: 1798.
The inhibitory effect of extracellular DNA (exDNA) on the growth of conspecific individuals was demonstrated in different kingdoms. In plants, the inhibition has been observed on root growth and seed germination, demonstrating its role in plant–soil negative feedback. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the early response to exDNA and the inhibitory effect of conspecific exDNA. We here contribute with a whole-plant transcriptome profiling in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to extracellular self- (conspecific) and nonself- (heterologous) DNA. The results highlight that cells distinguish self- from nonself-DNA. Moreover, confocal microscopy analyses reveal that nonself-DNA enters root tissues and cells, while self-DNA remains outside. Specifically, exposure to self-DNA limits cell permeability, affecting chloroplast functioning and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, eventually causing cell cycle arrest, consistently with macroscopic observations of root apex necrosis, increased root hair density and leaf chlorosis. In contrast, nonself-DNA enters the cells triggering the activation of a hypersensitive response and evolving into systemic acquired resistance. Complex and different cascades of events emerge from exposure to extracellular self- or nonself-DNA and are discussed in the context of Damage- and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP and PAMP, respectively) responses.
Maria Luisa Chiusano; Guido Incerti; Chiara Colantuono; Pasquale Termolino; Emanuela Palomba; Francesco Monticolo; Giovanna Benvenuto; Alessandro Foscari; Alfonso Esposito; Lucia Marti; Giulia de Lorenzo; Isaac Vega-Muñoz; Martin Heil; Fabrizio Carteni; Giuliano Bonanomi; Stefano Mazzoleni. Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Extracellular DNA: Self Versus Nonself Exposure. Plants 2021, 10, 1744 .
AMA StyleMaria Luisa Chiusano, Guido Incerti, Chiara Colantuono, Pasquale Termolino, Emanuela Palomba, Francesco Monticolo, Giovanna Benvenuto, Alessandro Foscari, Alfonso Esposito, Lucia Marti, Giulia de Lorenzo, Isaac Vega-Muñoz, Martin Heil, Fabrizio Carteni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Stefano Mazzoleni. Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Extracellular DNA: Self Versus Nonself Exposure. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Luisa Chiusano; Guido Incerti; Chiara Colantuono; Pasquale Termolino; Emanuela Palomba; Francesco Monticolo; Giovanna Benvenuto; Alessandro Foscari; Alfonso Esposito; Lucia Marti; Giulia de Lorenzo; Isaac Vega-Muñoz; Martin Heil; Fabrizio Carteni; Giuliano Bonanomi; Stefano Mazzoleni. 2021. "Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Extracellular DNA: Self Versus Nonself Exposure." Plants 10, no. 8: 1744.
Both soil and the human gut support vast microbial biodiversity, in which the microbiota plays critical roles in regulating harmful organisms. However, the functional link between microbiota taxonomic compositions and disease suppression has not been explained yet. Here, we provide an overview of pathogen regulation in soil and mammals gut, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two systems. First, we provide a review of the ecological mechanisms underlying the regulation of soil and pathogens, as well as the link between disease suppression and soil health. Particular emphasis is thus given to clarifying how soil and the gut microbiota are associated with organic amendment and the human diet, respectively. Moreover, we provide several insights into the importance of organic amendment and diet composition in shaping beneficial microbiota as an efficient way to support crop productivity and human health. This review also discusses novel ways to functionally characterize organic amendments and the proper operational combining of such materials with beneficial microbes for stirring suppressive microbiota against pathogens. Furthermore, specific examples are given to describe how agricultural management practices, including the use of antibiotics and fumigants, hinder disease suppression by disrupting microbiota structure, and the potentiality of entire microbiome transplant. We conclude by discussing general strategies to promote soil microbiota biodiversity, the connection with plant yield and health, and their possible integration through a “One Health” framework.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Mohamed Idbella; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7608 .
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Mohamed Idbella, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Mohamed Idbella; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. 2021. "Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7608.
Questions Elevational treelines are expected to shift upwards in response to warming climate. However, worldwide treeline upward shifts are inconsistent because local scale factors can affect the response to temperature. In this study, we explore the hypothesis that in the Apennines, where the current altitudinal treeline position is largely depressed because of past human activity, shrubs act as nurse plants promoting the upward migration of Fagus sylvatica. Location 500–km-long latitudinal gradient in the Apennines, Italy. Methods We selected, along this gradient, nine treeline sites with different elevations, rock substrates, and physiognomic types including Juniperus communis, Pinus mugo, Vaccinium myrtillus shrublands, and grasslands. Here, in 68 transects we collected and analysed spatially fine-scale distribution data of F. sylvatica individuals with relation to both their age and their position associated or not to shrub. Results F. sylvatica regeneration is rare in open secondary grasslands at 1,600-2,100 m a.s.l., highlighting a bottleneck in the regeneration phase of this species. On the contrary, we systematically observed a strong association between shrubs and F. sylvatica individuals. Compared with the adjacent grassland, F. sylvatica regeneration was 58.3 times higher under P. mugo, 131.5 higher under J. communis and 102.4 higher under V. myrtillus. Age-structure of F. sylvatica population indicates that, in the last 50 years, recruitment under shrubs is continuous, while episodic in grassland. Conclusions Above the current treeline of the Apennines, F. sylvatica individuals develop only in presence of shrubs, which act as nurse species. Shrubs are a necessary condition for F. sylvatica re-colonization of the high-altitude open areas affected, in the last centuries, by intense human land use.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Valentina Mogavero; Angelo Rita; Maurizio Zotti; Luigi Saulino; Giulio Tesei; Marina Allegrezza; Antonio Saracino; Sergio Rossi; Emilia Allevato. Shrub facilitation promotes advancing of the Fagus sylvatica treeline across the Apennines (Italy). Journal of Vegetation Science 2021, 32, e13054 .
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Valentina Mogavero, Angelo Rita, Maurizio Zotti, Luigi Saulino, Giulio Tesei, Marina Allegrezza, Antonio Saracino, Sergio Rossi, Emilia Allevato. Shrub facilitation promotes advancing of the Fagus sylvatica treeline across the Apennines (Italy). Journal of Vegetation Science. 2021; 32 (4):e13054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Valentina Mogavero; Angelo Rita; Maurizio Zotti; Luigi Saulino; Giulio Tesei; Marina Allegrezza; Antonio Saracino; Sergio Rossi; Emilia Allevato. 2021. "Shrub facilitation promotes advancing of the Fagus sylvatica treeline across the Apennines (Italy)." Journal of Vegetation Science 32, no. 4: e13054.
The use of drainage water in the irrigation of agroecosystem is associated with environmental hazards, and can pose threats to human health. Nine heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) along three main drains in the middle Nile Delta were measures in the sediments, roots and shoots of three common macrophytes (Echinochloa stagnina, Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis). The physicochemical characteristics, as well as the enrichment factor (Ef), contamination factor (Cf), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk factor (Er), degree of contamination (Dc) and potential ecological risk index (PERI), were determined for sediment. The metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were assessed for plants. Data revealed high contents of Cr, Zn and Cd in the upstream of the drains, while Mn, Cu and Ni were recorded in high concentrations in the downstream. Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were recorded to be within EU (2002), CSQGD (2007) and US EPA (1999) limits, while Cd and Pb showed high a ecological risk index. This high concentration of pollutants could be attributed to unremitting industrial activities, which can bioaccumulate in the food chains and cause serious problems for humans. The root of P. australis showed the effective accumulation of most of the elements, while T. domingensis revealed the highest accumulation of Pb. However, the highest BAF shoot value was found in T. domingensis for most of the heavy metals, except for Fe and Zn in P. australis and Mn in E. stagnina. Thus, P. australis could be used as a potential phytoextractor of these hazardous metals, as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient method for remediation of the polluted drains. Further, T. domingensis could be integrated as a hyperaccumulator of Pb. Strict laws and regulations must be taken into consideration by the policymaker against unmanaged industrial activities, particularly near the water streams in the Nile Delta.
Yasser A. El-Amier; Giuliano Bonanomi; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants. Plants 2020, 9, 910 .
AMA StyleYasser A. El-Amier, Giuliano Bonanomi, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasser A. El-Amier; Giuliano Bonanomi; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. 2020. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals along Three Main Drains in Nile Delta and Potential Phytoremediation by Macrophyte Plants." Plants 9, no. 7: 910.
During the glacial episodes of the Quaternary, European forests were restricted to small favourable spots, namely refugia, acting as biodiversity reservoirs. the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas have been considered as the main glacial refugia of trees in Europe. In this study, we estimate the composition of the last glacial forest in a coastal cave of the Cilento area (SW Italy) in seven time frames, spanning from the last Pleniglacial to the Late Glacial. Charcoal analyses were performed in seven archaeological layers. Furthermore, a paleoclimate modelling (Maxent) approach was used to complement the taxonomic identification of charcoal fragments to estimate the past potential distribution of tree species in Europe. Our results showed that the mesothermophilous forest survived in this region in the core of the Mediterranean basin during the Last Glacial Period (LGP, since ~36 ka cal BP), indicating that this area played an important role as a reservoir of woodland biodiversity. Here, Quercus pubescens was the most abundant component, followed by a wide variety of deciduous trees and Pinus nigra. Charcoal data also pointed at the crucial role of this coastal area, acting as a reservoir for warm temperate trees of genera Tilia, Carpinus and Sambucus, in LGP, in the Mediterranean region. Our modelling results showed that P. nigra might be the main candidate as a “Pinus sylvestris type” in the study site in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Furthermore, we found that P. nigra might coexist with Q. pubescens in several European territories both currently and in the LGM. All models showed high levels of predictive performances. Our results highlight the advantage of combining different approaches such as charcoal analysis and ecological niche models to explore biogeographic questions about past and current forest distribution, with important implications to inform today’s forest management and conservation.
Gaetano Di Pasquale; Antonio Saracino; Luciano Bosso; Danilo Russo; Adriana Moroni; Giuliano Bonanomi; Emilia Allevato. Coastal Pine-Oak Glacial Refugia in the Mediterranean Basin: A Biogeographic Approach Based on Charcoal Analysis and Spatial Modelling. Forests 2020, 11, 673 .
AMA StyleGaetano Di Pasquale, Antonio Saracino, Luciano Bosso, Danilo Russo, Adriana Moroni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Emilia Allevato. Coastal Pine-Oak Glacial Refugia in the Mediterranean Basin: A Biogeographic Approach Based on Charcoal Analysis and Spatial Modelling. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):673.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano Di Pasquale; Antonio Saracino; Luciano Bosso; Danilo Russo; Adriana Moroni; Giuliano Bonanomi; Emilia Allevato. 2020. "Coastal Pine-Oak Glacial Refugia in the Mediterranean Basin: A Biogeographic Approach Based on Charcoal Analysis and Spatial Modelling." Forests 11, no. 6: 673.
Application of organic amendments is considered an eco-friendly practice to promote soil fertility and suppressiveness against a wide range of soil-borne pathogens. However, limited information is available about the capabilities of organic amendments to control virus disease. In this study, the suppressiveness of different organic amendments (i.e., compost manure, biochar, alfalfa straw, and glucose) was determined against the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on tomato plants in a 1-year-long mesocosm experiment. Organic treatments were compared to the ordinary soil management based on mineral fertilizers and fumigation. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TSWV and the infection and symptoms were assessed three weeks later. The disease incidence was higher in soil treated with mineral fertilizers and fumigation (>80%) compared to the application of organic amendments, with alfalfa straw and biochar recording the lowest incidence (
Giuliano Bonanomi; Daniela Alioto; Maria Minutolo; Roberta Marra; Gaspare Cesarano; Francesco Vinale. Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem. Pathogens 2020, 9, 379 .
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Daniela Alioto, Maria Minutolo, Roberta Marra, Gaspare Cesarano, Francesco Vinale. Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (5):379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Daniela Alioto; Maria Minutolo; Roberta Marra; Gaspare Cesarano; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem." Pathogens 9, no. 5: 379.
Species coexistence in grasslands is regulated by several environmental factors and interactions with the soil microbial community. Here, the development of the Basidiomycetes fungus Agaricus arvensis, forming fairy rings, in a species‐rich Mediterranean grassland, is described. Effects of the mycelial front on plants, fungi, and bacteria were assessed by vegetation survey and next generation sequencing approaches. Our results showed a fungal‐dependent shift in the community structure operated by a wave‐like spread of fairy rings that decreased plant, fungal and bacterial diversity, indicating a detrimental effect of fairy rings on most species. The fairy rings induced successional processes in plants that enhanced the replacement of a community dominated by perennial plants with short living and fast‐growing plant species. In parallel, fungal and bacterial communities showed evident differences in species composition with several taxa associated within distinct sampling zone across the fairy rings. Notably, Bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus and fungi of the genus Trichoderma increased in response to the advancing mycelium of A. arvensis. The profound changes in community composition and the overall increase in taxa diversity at ecosystemic scale suggest that fairy ring forming fungi may act as ecosystem engineer species in Mediterranean grasslands.
Maurizio Zotti; Francesca De Filippis; Gaspare Cesarano; Danilo Ercolini; Giulio Tesei; Marina Allegrezza; Francesco Giannino; Stefano Mazzoleni; Giuliano Bonanomi. One ring to rule them all: an ecosystem engineer fungus fosters plant and microbial diversity in a Mediterranean grassland. New Phytologist 2020, 227, 884 -898.
AMA StyleMaurizio Zotti, Francesca De Filippis, Gaspare Cesarano, Danilo Ercolini, Giulio Tesei, Marina Allegrezza, Francesco Giannino, Stefano Mazzoleni, Giuliano Bonanomi. One ring to rule them all: an ecosystem engineer fungus fosters plant and microbial diversity in a Mediterranean grassland. New Phytologist. 2020; 227 (3):884-898.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Zotti; Francesca De Filippis; Gaspare Cesarano; Danilo Ercolini; Giulio Tesei; Marina Allegrezza; Francesco Giannino; Stefano Mazzoleni; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2020. "One ring to rule them all: an ecosystem engineer fungus fosters plant and microbial diversity in a Mediterranean grassland." New Phytologist 227, no. 3: 884-898.
The use of wireless technologies in the field of agriculture, or so-called smart or precision agriculture, is considered as one of the main efforts applied nowadays to multiply the food production on earth. However, wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is still at its early development stage and its application in agriculture and food industry is still rare due to the lack of farmers’ awareness and outreach about the matter. This paper presents a new agro-sensor named AgriLogger with an aim to collect, store for long periods and transmit agrometeorological data represented by temperature and relative humidity in remote areas hard to reach and not served by telecommunication networks. The sensor exhibits long battery life, in the order of 10 years, thanks to low consumption technologies and to hardware sleep/wake up approach. It can be remotely placed on preselected sites through a customized drone. This latter, equipped with a dedicated payload, can then return on the sites where sensors have been placed, and, while hovering, wakes up the single devices and uploads their collected data through local wireless network. Field tests have demonstrated that the sensor, after being placed manually in two different positions, inside and outside a vineyard canopy, is able to collect and store successfully agrometeorological data like temperature and relative humidity. Moreover, the use of a drone potentially allows the collection of data from remote areas and, therefore, is able to provide a periodical monitoring of agro-ecological conditions.
Mohamed Idbella; Mariano Iadaresta; Graziano Gagliarde; Alberto Mennella; Stefano Mazzoleni; Giuliano Bonanomi. AgriLogger: A New Wireless Sensor for Monitoring Agrometeorological Data in Areas Lacking Communication Networks. Sensors 2020, 20, 1589 .
AMA StyleMohamed Idbella, Mariano Iadaresta, Graziano Gagliarde, Alberto Mennella, Stefano Mazzoleni, Giuliano Bonanomi. AgriLogger: A New Wireless Sensor for Monitoring Agrometeorological Data in Areas Lacking Communication Networks. Sensors. 2020; 20 (6):1589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Idbella; Mariano Iadaresta; Graziano Gagliarde; Alberto Mennella; Stefano Mazzoleni; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2020. "AgriLogger: A New Wireless Sensor for Monitoring Agrometeorological Data in Areas Lacking Communication Networks." Sensors 20, no. 6: 1589.
There is a current concern that the capacity of urban forests to recover from the effects of climate change may be diminishing. New management options are needed so that they can continue to provide ecosystem services to local communities. After a windstorm occurred on June 2014 pre- and post-disturbance stand conditions (years 2010 and 2015, respectively) of the historical old-growth holm oak forest of Parco Gussone were analysed by combining ground- and satellite-based methodologies. Results highlighted that Parco Gussone was primarily valued for its historical importance and, despite the phytosanitary conditions of the trees, no silvicultural treatments were made since 1986, most probably due to conflicts arisen between different stakeholders. Therefore in 2014, the windstorm damaged 406 trees (8.1% of the total aboveground forest dry biomass) and it was stand-replacing on 1.53 ha (9.3 % of the total forest area). Windthrows, heterogeneously distributed and unequally sized (103 canopy gap ranging between ∼6 to 1632 m2), caused, overall, a significant reduction of LAI (∼19%). The presence of large gaps promoted the invasion of non-native herbaceous species whereas native species of the shrubs and herbaceous layers were favoured when felled trees were left on the ground or removed mechanically during harvest, respectively. In this context, urban forests should be considered as ‘complex adaptive systems’, therefore natural processes can be simulated by applying a ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture (e.g. by opening small gaps), vulnerability assessed (e.g. using a tree-by-tree VTA), biodiversity and ecological resilience improved and short- and long term disturbance effects evaluated (e.g. analysis of disturbance attributes and stand dynamics) so that specific conservation goals can be adapted to a specific landscape and biotic community. By implementing and applying the proposed guidelines in urban forest planning, we are confident that the resilience of those Mediterranean urban forest ecosystems could be effectively restored and improved.
Maurizio Teobaldelli; Francesco Cona; Adriano Stinca; Luigi Saulino; Enrico Anzano; Daniele Giordano; Antonello Migliozzi; Giuliano Bonanomi; Guido D’Urso; Stefano Mazzoleni; Antonio Saracino. Improving resilience of an old-growth urban forest in Southern Italy: Lesson(s) from a stand-replacing windstorm. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 47, 126521 .
AMA StyleMaurizio Teobaldelli, Francesco Cona, Adriano Stinca, Luigi Saulino, Enrico Anzano, Daniele Giordano, Antonello Migliozzi, Giuliano Bonanomi, Guido D’Urso, Stefano Mazzoleni, Antonio Saracino. Improving resilience of an old-growth urban forest in Southern Italy: Lesson(s) from a stand-replacing windstorm. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 47 ():126521.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Teobaldelli; Francesco Cona; Adriano Stinca; Luigi Saulino; Enrico Anzano; Daniele Giordano; Antonello Migliozzi; Giuliano Bonanomi; Guido D’Urso; Stefano Mazzoleni; Antonio Saracino. 2019. "Improving resilience of an old-growth urban forest in Southern Italy: Lesson(s) from a stand-replacing windstorm." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 47, no. : 126521.
Biodeterioration, the alteration caused by living organisms, on historical buildings and stone monuments is a well-known problem affecting two-thirds of the world’s cultural heritage. The study of the flora growing on wall surface is of particular importance for the assessment of the risk of biodeterioration of stone artifacts by vascular plants, and for maintenance planning. In this study, we investigate how rock type, exposure and inclination of the wall affect the biodeteriogenic flora at 13 sites of the Archaeological Park of the Phlegraean Fields located in the province of Naples, in southern Italy. For each site, we analysed randomly selected square areas with 2 × 2 m size, representing the different vegetation types in terms of vascular plant species cover. The total number of plant species recorded was 129, belonging to 43 families.Erigeron sumatrensis, Sonchus tenerrimus, andParietaria judaicaare the most commonly reported species, whileCapparis orientalisis the species with the highest average coverage. Substrate type, exposure and surface inclination affect the floristic composition, with the average plant cover significantly higher on vertical surfaces and at western and southern exposure. All the main biodeteriogenic vascular plant species grow on more or less porous lythotype like yellow tufa, conglomerate and bricks. Finally, woody plants eradications methods are proposed by the tree cutting and local application of herbicides, to avoid stump and root sprouting and to minimize the dispersion of chemicals in the surrounding environment.
Riccardo Motti; Giuliano Bonanomi; Adriano Stinca. Deteriogenic flora of the Phlegraean Fields Archaeological Park: ecological analysis and management guidelines. 2019, 804823 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Motti, Giuliano Bonanomi, Adriano Stinca. Deteriogenic flora of the Phlegraean Fields Archaeological Park: ecological analysis and management guidelines. . 2019; ():804823.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Motti; Giuliano Bonanomi; Adriano Stinca. 2019. "Deteriogenic flora of the Phlegraean Fields Archaeological Park: ecological analysis and management guidelines." , no. : 804823.
Phytoalimurgy is a term that derives from Greek and Latin by combination of the words φυτόν, which meaning plant, and alimenta urgentia, indicating foods available in case of urgency and necessity. Nowadays, the lack of products from agriculture is fortunately no longer a problem, however, the interest in using the phytoalimurgic plants has increased in the last years due to their rediscovery for use of food ingredients for human health. Among these, common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, is used since ancient times because of its curative properties. The aim of this review is the contribution to the knowledge of this worldwide-spread phytoalimurgic plant with its botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological description. In vitro and in vivo scientific investigations have confirmed its pharmacological potential by showing antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, cytotoxic, diuretic and hepatoprotective properties. Responsible of these activities are bioactive metabolites belonging to different classes, including sesquiterpenoids, caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids. This allows to include dandelion among the medicinal plants of commercial interest for nutraceutical and phytopharmaceutical industries.
Laura Grauso; Stefano Emrick; Bruna de Falco; Virginia Lanzotti; Giuliano Bonanomi. Common dandelion: a review of its botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Phytochemistry Reviews 2019, 18, 1115 -1132.
AMA StyleLaura Grauso, Stefano Emrick, Bruna de Falco, Virginia Lanzotti, Giuliano Bonanomi. Common dandelion: a review of its botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2019; 18 (4):1115-1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Grauso; Stefano Emrick; Bruna de Falco; Virginia Lanzotti; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2019. "Common dandelion: a review of its botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles." Phytochemistry Reviews 18, no. 4: 1115-1132.
Introduction Most secondary metabolites from plants have a prominent defensive role and repellency against predators and microbial pathogens. These properties largely vary among plant species and offer potential applications as biologically active compounds in medicine as well in agriculture. Objectives We propose a new procedure that combine different spectroscopic techniques and multivariate data analysis to determine the chemical composition and the relative amounts of each metabolites and/or each class of organic compounds. The approach was used for a rapid identification of secondary metabolites from leaf and root of eight Mediterranean plants species. Methodology The polar and the apolar extracts of two leaves and roots of each plant were analysed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively. Multivariate data analysis was used for a faster interpretation of data. Results The metabolic fingerprint of the Mediterranean plants, Acanthus mollis, Dittrichia viscosa, Festuca drymeja, Fraxinus ornus, Fagus sylvatica, Hedera helix, Quercus ilex, and Typha latifolia, showed a complex chemical composition, being specific for each species and plant tissue. Two alditols, mannitol and quercitol, were found in manna ash (Fraxinus ornus) and holm oak (Q. ilex) polar leaf extracts, respectively. The highest levels of aromatic compounds were found in D. viscosa and T. latifolia. Fatty acids were the predominant class of compounds in all apolar extracts under investigation. Triterpene were almost exclusively found in roots, except for holm oak, where they constitute 58% of total extract. Steroids were widespread in leaf extracts. Conclusion The major advantages of the proposed approach are versatility and rapidity, thus making it suitable for a fast comparison among species and plant tissue types.
Laura Grauso; Maurizio Zotti; Wen Sun; Bruna de Falco; Virginia Lanzotti; Giuliano Bonanomi. Spectroscopic and multivariate data‐based method to assess the metabolomic fingerprint of Mediterranean plants. Phytochemical Analysis 2019, 30, 572 -581.
AMA StyleLaura Grauso, Maurizio Zotti, Wen Sun, Bruna de Falco, Virginia Lanzotti, Giuliano Bonanomi. Spectroscopic and multivariate data‐based method to assess the metabolomic fingerprint of Mediterranean plants. Phytochemical Analysis. 2019; 30 (5):572-581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Grauso; Maurizio Zotti; Wen Sun; Bruna de Falco; Virginia Lanzotti; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2019. "Spectroscopic and multivariate data‐based method to assess the metabolomic fingerprint of Mediterranean plants." Phytochemical Analysis 30, no. 5: 572-581.
The processes of nitrogen (N) mineralization from organic amendments (OA) is important to provide mineral forms (NH4+ and NO3−) of N for plants. Assessment of N mineralization is usually done by using the C/N ratio of OAs but limits to the predicting capability of such indicator have been reported. Here, we propose a new definition of organic carbon (C) quality based on 13C-CPMAS NMR that provide a more accurate prediction of N mineralization. A mesocosm incubation experiment was carried out to assess the effects of ten OA types on soil N mineralization in three different soils. OAs were chemically characterized by C/N ratio and in solid state spectroscopy by 13C-CPMAS NMR. Nitrogen mineralization in terms of NH4+ and NO3− was monitored after 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 days of incubation. N mineralization was fast for OAs with high C quality coupled with high N content (e.g., meat powder, fish meal and alfalfa litter), while the same process was slow for amendment with low C quality even with high N content (e.g. humus, alfalfa biochar). On the contrary, a rapid but short-term N immobilization was found for OAs with high C quality but low N content (e.g., glucose). OAs with low C quality and low N content (e.g., sawdust, cellulose, wood biochar and grass litter) showed a slow, but long-lasting N immobilization. We found that C/N ratio was unable to predict the N mineralization for OAs with low C quality. Considering 13C-CPMAS NMR spectral regions, the carbonyl C, and N-alkyl and methoxyl C regions had the most significant positive correlation with N mineralization, while the di-O-alkyl C and O-alkyl C were strongly associated with N immobilization. This study demonstrates that the biochemical quality of organic C defined by 13C-CPMAS NMR is capable of predicting N dynamic pattern better than C/N ratio.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Tushar C. Sarker; Maurizio Zotti; Gaspare Cesarano; Emilia Allevato; Stefano Mazzoleni. Predicting nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments: beyond C/N ratio by 13C-CPMAS NMR approach. Plant and Soil 2019, 441, 129 -146.
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Tushar C. Sarker, Maurizio Zotti, Gaspare Cesarano, Emilia Allevato, Stefano Mazzoleni. Predicting nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments: beyond C/N ratio by 13C-CPMAS NMR approach. Plant and Soil. 2019; 441 (1-2):129-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Tushar C. Sarker; Maurizio Zotti; Gaspare Cesarano; Emilia Allevato; Stefano Mazzoleni. 2019. "Predicting nitrogen mineralization from organic amendments: beyond C/N ratio by 13C-CPMAS NMR approach." Plant and Soil 441, no. 1-2: 129-146.
People rely on the synthetic chemical pesticides in most of the agricultural practices, which have a serious problem on human health and ecosystem. Essential oil (EO), derived from wild plants offers a new opportunity to explore eco‐friendly green biocides. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents of EO from Egyptian ecospecies of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile and evaluate its antioxidant and the allelopathic potential. The EO was extracted from aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. To assess allelopathic potential, EO concentrations from 50 to 200 µLL−1 were tested on Trifolium repens and three weeds. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH. Hydro‐distillation yielded 0.64% of dark yellow oil, comprises 35 compounds, where sesquiterpene was a major class and represented by 61.97% of the total essential oil. Moreover, the dominant sesquiterpenes are cis‐nerolidol, α‐cadinol, δ‐cadinene, and γ‐muurolene. The speed of germination index, shoot and root length of colver and weeds were reduced in a concentration‐dependent manner. The IC50 of C. droserifolia EO on germination of T. repens, Cuscuta trifolii, Melilotus indicus and Chenopodium murale were 181.6, 183.5, 159.0 and 157.5 µL L‐1, respectively. From the obtained data, we concluded that C. droserifolia EO could provide a hope to produce environment‐friendly bioherbicide as well as a natural resource of antioxidants.
Ahmed M. Abd El-Gawad; Yasser A. El-Amier; Giuliano Bonanomi. Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant and Allelopathic Activities of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk .) Delile. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2018, 15, e1800392 .
AMA StyleAhmed M. Abd El-Gawad, Yasser A. El-Amier, Giuliano Bonanomi. Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant and Allelopathic Activities of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk .) Delile. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2018; 15 (12):e1800392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed M. Abd El-Gawad; Yasser A. El-Amier; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2018. "Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant and Allelopathic Activities of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk .) Delile." Chemistry & Biodiversity 15, no. 12: e1800392.
Microbial succession over decomposing litter is controlled by biotic interactions, dispersal limitation, grazing pressure, and substrate chemical changes. Recent evidence suggests that the changes in litter chemistry and microbiome during decomposition are interdependent. However, most previous studies separately addressed the microbial successional dynamics or the molecular changes of decomposing litter. Here, we combined litter chemical characterization by 13C NMR spectroscopy with next generation sequencing to compare leaf litter chemistry and microbiome dynamics using 30 litter types, either fresh or decomposed for 30 and 180 days. We observed a decrease of cellulose and C/N ratio during decomposition, while lignin content and lignin/N ratio showed the opposite pattern. 13C NMR revealed significant chemical changes as microbial decomposition was proceeding, with a decrease in O-alkyl C and an increase in alkyl C and methoxyl C relative abundances. Overall, bacterial and eukaryotic taxonomical richness increased with litter age. Among Bacteria, Proteobacteria dominated all undecomposed litters but this group was progressively replaced by members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Nitrogen-fixing genera such as Beijerinckia and Rhizobium occurred both in undecomposed as well as in aged litters. Among Eukarya, fungi belonging to the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in undecomposed litter with the typical phyllospheric genus Aureobasidium. In aged litters, phyllospheric species were replaced by zygomycetes and other ascomycetous and basydiomycetous fungi. Our analysis of decomposing litter highlighted an unprecedented, widespread occurrence of protists belonging to the Amebozoa and Cercozoa. Correlation network analysis showed that microbial communities are non-randomly structured, showing strikingly distinct composition in relation to litter chemistry. Our data demonstrate that the importance of litter chemistry in shaping microbial community structure increased during the decomposition process, being of little importance for freshly fallen leaves.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Francesca De Filippis; Gaspare Cesarano; Antonietta La Storia; Maurizio Zotti; Stefano Mazzoleni; Guido Incerti. Linking bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota to litter chemistry: Combining next generation sequencing with 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2018, 129, 110 -121.
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Francesca De Filippis, Gaspare Cesarano, Antonietta La Storia, Maurizio Zotti, Stefano Mazzoleni, Guido Incerti. Linking bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota to litter chemistry: Combining next generation sequencing with 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2018; 129 ():110-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Francesca De Filippis; Gaspare Cesarano; Antonietta La Storia; Maurizio Zotti; Stefano Mazzoleni; Guido Incerti. 2018. "Linking bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota to litter chemistry: Combining next generation sequencing with 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 129, no. : 110-121.
Aim High‐elevation forest line or tree line is an ecological ecotone representing the upper elevation thermal limit for forest development. The current tree line position is the result of the past human activity interacting with climatic and topographic conditions. In this study, we investigate how climate, local topographic factors and anthropogenic disturbance currently affect tree line distribution. Location Apennine Mountains, 900 km latitudinal gradient along the Italian Peninsula. Methods Overall, 302 mountain peaks were studied, comprising 3,622 km of measured tree lines. The position of the Fagus sylvatica tree line in all peaks was assessed and correlated with 58 selected variables representing climate, topography and human disturbance. Results The mean tree line elevation was 1,589 m a.s.l., with considerable variability among peaks. Contrary to our expectations, the tree line elevation was lower in the warmer southerly exposed slopes compared to north‐facing aspects, where we found the highest tree line (2,141 m a.s.l.). Correlation analysis indicates that both climatic and human density variables are associated with tree line elevation, with the climate having more influence in high elevation mountains, while human impact plays a prominent role in low elevation mountain peaks. Specifically, we found negative correlations between density of the resident population around each peak and tree line elevation at all examined dates (1861, 1921, and 2011), suggesting a pervasive negative impact of human activity on tree lines. As regards climatic variables, tree line elevation showed a stronger negative correlation with winter and spring months temperature than with mean annual temperature. Noteworthy, climatic variables had stronger effect on high elevation peaks (>1,900 m a.s.l.) compared with low elevation ones (<1,900 m a.s.l.). Main Conclusion Our data provide evidence that the current position of the F. sylvatica tree line in the Apennines is heavily depressed as a result of a complex interaction between climatic factors and the past human pressure.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Angelo Rita; Emilia Allevato; Gaspare Cesarano; Luigi Saulino; Gaetano Di Pasquale; Marina Allegrezza; Simone Pesaresi; Marco Borghetti; Sergio Rossi; Antonio Saracino. Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect the tree line position ofFagus sylvaticaalong the Apennines (Italy). Journal of Biogeography 2018, 45, 2595 -2608.
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Angelo Rita, Emilia Allevato, Gaspare Cesarano, Luigi Saulino, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Marina Allegrezza, Simone Pesaresi, Marco Borghetti, Sergio Rossi, Antonio Saracino. Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect the tree line position ofFagus sylvaticaalong the Apennines (Italy). Journal of Biogeography. 2018; 45 (11):2595-2608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Angelo Rita; Emilia Allevato; Gaspare Cesarano; Luigi Saulino; Gaetano Di Pasquale; Marina Allegrezza; Simone Pesaresi; Marco Borghetti; Sergio Rossi; Antonio Saracino. 2018. "Anthropogenic and environmental factors affect the tree line position ofFagus sylvaticaalong the Apennines (Italy)." Journal of Biogeography 45, no. 11: 2595-2608.
Riccardo Motti; Giuliano Bonanomi. Vascular plant colonisation of four castles in southern Italy: Effects of substrate bioreceptivity, local environment factors and current management. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2018, 133, 26 -33.
AMA StyleRiccardo Motti, Giuliano Bonanomi. Vascular plant colonisation of four castles in southern Italy: Effects of substrate bioreceptivity, local environment factors and current management. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2018; 133 ():26-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Motti; Giuliano Bonanomi. 2018. "Vascular plant colonisation of four castles in southern Italy: Effects of substrate bioreceptivity, local environment factors and current management." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 133, no. : 26-33.
Intensive farming in agriculture raises questions in relation to environmental sustainability and the widespread use of agrochemicals. In the present work, we compare the impact of organic and intensive farming, in connection to the soil suppressiveness against the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Three farms were considered in the study: two practicing organic cultivation (for 10 and 20 years, respectively), and one applying conventional cultivation. Soil suppressiveness was assessed in a greenhouse bioassay with lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Soil microbiome was characterized by combining BIOLOG EcoPlates™ with high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial and eukaryotic rRNA gene markers. Suppressiveness towards R. solani was higher in organic than in conventional farming soil, but this property was lost after soil sterilization. Functional biodiversity was significantly higher in the two organic soils, and this parameter was predictive of the suppressiveness towards R. solani. According to our analyses, the overall microbial taxonomic diversity was unlinked to suppressiveness. A correlation analysis, carried out at the genus level for the most abundant bacterial and eukaryotic microbial taxa, showed that 58.7% of the genera had a statistically significant correlation with suppressiveness. In particular, the genera Flavisolibacter, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Ramlibacter, Rhizophus and the oligochaete worms belonging to the Enchytraeidae family positively correlated with the disease suppression.
Giuliano Bonanomi; Gaspare Cesarano; Vincenzo Antignani; Claudio Di Maio; Francesca De Filippis; Felice Scala. Conventional farming impairs Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression by disrupting soil food web. Journal of Phytopathology 2018, 166, 663 -673.
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Gaspare Cesarano, Vincenzo Antignani, Claudio Di Maio, Francesca De Filippis, Felice Scala. Conventional farming impairs Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression by disrupting soil food web. Journal of Phytopathology. 2018; 166 (9):663-673.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Gaspare Cesarano; Vincenzo Antignani; Claudio Di Maio; Francesca De Filippis; Felice Scala. 2018. "Conventional farming impairs Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression by disrupting soil food web." Journal of Phytopathology 166, no. 9: 663-673.
Plant invasion in forest ecosystems is a serious ecological and economic issue, deserving attention by researchers, managers and policy-makers worldwide. Many invasive plants have been reported as early successional species able to colonize disturbed areas following abrupt changes in microhabitat and resource availability. We investigated disturbance effects of a severe windstorm generated by a wet microburst (hail and rain at 160 mm h-1) remarkably affecting the canopy cover of an old-growth Quercus ilex urban forest in Southern Italy. This stand-replacing disturbance produced a mosaic of 103 gaps, 5.6 to 1632 m2 in size, over an area of 1.53 ha, uprooting 76% of the trees and decreasing thereby 85% of the standing above-ground dry biomass into the gaps. By intensive monitoring we compared above- and below-ground microclimate, soil moisture and mineral N availability in paired disturbed and control areas of the study forest. Within newly formed gaps we observed a seasonally consistent 70% higher content of nitrate nitrogen, 29% and 47% decreases of ammonia nitrogen in summer and autumn, respectively, and a higher moisture in topsoil, in addition to different above- and below-ground microclimatic conditions, with canopy cover mitigating extreme temperatures. One year after the windstorm, the microhabitat shift promoted the establishment in gaps of 15 native and 10 alien taxa previously absent in both disturbed and control plots. In such conditions, the rarefaction of the dominant Q. ilex canopy cover and the occurrence of empty niches prone to invasion could dramatically affect the local community structure and diversity. Our data indicate that stand-replacing windstorm can transiently transform the studied urban evergreen forest to an early allogenic successional community dominated, in the medium and large gaps, by annual and perennial non-native species. This is particularly relevant under a perspective of possible increasing frequency of windstorm events in the Mediterranean region in the near future. Keywords: Invasive Plants, Microburst, Mediterranean Evergreen Woodland, Quercus ilex, Resources Fluctuation, Empty Niche
G. Bonanomi; G. Incerti; A.M. Abd El-Gawad; T.C. Sarker; Adriano Stinca; R. Motti; G. Cesarano; Maurizio Teobaldelli; Luigi Saulino; F. Cona; Giovanni Battista Chirico; S. Mazzoleni; Antonio Saracino. Windstorm disturbance triggers multiple species invasion in an urban Mediterranean forest. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 2018, 11, 64 -71.
AMA StyleG. Bonanomi, G. Incerti, A.M. Abd El-Gawad, T.C. Sarker, Adriano Stinca, R. Motti, G. Cesarano, Maurizio Teobaldelli, Luigi Saulino, F. Cona, Giovanni Battista Chirico, S. Mazzoleni, Antonio Saracino. Windstorm disturbance triggers multiple species invasion in an urban Mediterranean forest. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry. 2018; 11 (1):64-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Bonanomi; G. Incerti; A.M. Abd El-Gawad; T.C. Sarker; Adriano Stinca; R. Motti; G. Cesarano; Maurizio Teobaldelli; Luigi Saulino; F. Cona; Giovanni Battista Chirico; S. Mazzoleni; Antonio Saracino. 2018. "Windstorm disturbance triggers multiple species invasion in an urban Mediterranean forest." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 11, no. 1: 64-71.