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Eva Cebrián
Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 26 May 2020 in Microorganisms
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Toxigenic moulds can develop on the surface of dry-cured meat products during ripening due to their ecological conditions, which constitutes a risk for consumers. A promising strategy to control this hazard is the use of antifungal microorganisms usually found in these foods. However, to date, the effectiveness of gram-positive catalase-positive cocci (GCC+) has not been explored. The aim of this work was to select GCC+ isolates with antifungal activity to study its effectiveness in a dry-cured ham model system at the environmental conditions reached during the ripening. Forty-five strains of GCC+ were evaluated and the isolate Staphylococcus xylosus Sx8 was selected to assess its efficacy at two different concentrations (106 and 104 cfu/mL) against Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Penicillium griseofulvum at 15, 20, and 25 °C. The results showed that the inoculation of 106 cfu/mL of S. xylosus completely inhibited the growth of most fungi. In addition, in the presence of this strain at 104 cfu/mL, a significant reduction in fungal growth and mycotoxins production was observed at the three temperatures studied. In conclusion, S. xylosus Sx8 possesses great potential as a biological agent to control toxigenic moulds in dry-cured meat products.

ACS Style

Eva Cebrián; Félix Núñez; Fernando J. Gálvez; Josué Delgado; Elena Bermúdez; Mar Rodríguez. Selection and Evaluation of Staphylococcus xylosus as a Biocontrol Agent against Toxigenic Moulds in a Dry-Cured Ham Model System. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 793 .

AMA Style

Eva Cebrián, Félix Núñez, Fernando J. Gálvez, Josué Delgado, Elena Bermúdez, Mar Rodríguez. Selection and Evaluation of Staphylococcus xylosus as a Biocontrol Agent against Toxigenic Moulds in a Dry-Cured Ham Model System. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (6):793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Cebrián; Félix Núñez; Fernando J. Gálvez; Josué Delgado; Elena Bermúdez; Mar Rodríguez. 2020. "Selection and Evaluation of Staphylococcus xylosus as a Biocontrol Agent against Toxigenic Moulds in a Dry-Cured Ham Model System." Microorganisms 8, no. 6: 793.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2019 in Toxins
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The ecological conditions during the ripening of dry-cured ham favour the development of moulds on its surface, being frequently the presence of Penicillium nordicum, a producer of ochratoxin A (OTA). Biocontrol using moulds and yeasts usually found in dry-cured ham is a promising strategy to minimize this hazard. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of previously selected Debaryomyces hansenii and Penicillium chrysogenum strains on growth, OTA production, and relative expression of genes involved in the OTA biosynthesis by P. nordicum. P. nordicum was inoculated against the protective cultures individually and combined on dry-cured ham for 21 days at 20 °C. None of the treatments reduced the growth of P. nordicum, but all of them decreased OTA concentration. The lower production of OTA could be related to significant repression of the relative expression of otapksPN and otanpsPN genes of P. nordicum. The efficacy of the combined protective cultures was tested in 24 dry-cured hams in industrial ripening (an 8 month-long production). OTA was detected in nine of the 12 dry-cured hams in the batch inoculated only with P. nordicum. However, in the batch inoculated with both P. nordicum and the combined protective culture, a considerable reduction of OTA contamination was observed. In conclusion, although the efficacy of individual use P. chrysogenum is great, the combination with D. hansenii enhances its antifungal activity and could be proposed as a mixed protective culture to control the hazard of the presence of OTA in dry-cured ham.

ACS Style

Eva Cebrián; Mar Rodríguez; Belén Peromingo; Elena Bermúdez; Félix Núñez. Efficacy of the Combined Protective Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum and Debaryomyces hansenii for the Control of Ochratoxin A Hazard in Dry-Cured Ham. Toxins 2019, 11, 710 .

AMA Style

Eva Cebrián, Mar Rodríguez, Belén Peromingo, Elena Bermúdez, Félix Núñez. Efficacy of the Combined Protective Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum and Debaryomyces hansenii for the Control of Ochratoxin A Hazard in Dry-Cured Ham. Toxins. 2019; 11 (12):710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Cebrián; Mar Rodríguez; Belén Peromingo; Elena Bermúdez; Félix Núñez. 2019. "Efficacy of the Combined Protective Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum and Debaryomyces hansenii for the Control of Ochratoxin A Hazard in Dry-Cured Ham." Toxins 11, no. 12: 710.