Background There is not yet a comprehensive evidence-based epidemiological report on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nigeria. We aimed to estimate country-wide and zonal prevalence, hospitalisation and mortality rates of T2DM in Nigeria. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar for population and hospital-based studies on T2DM in Nigeria. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis on extracted crude estimates, and applied a meta-regression epidemiological model, using the United Nations demographics for Nigeria in 1990 and 2015 to determine estimates of diabetes in Nigeria for the two years. Results 42 studies, with a total population of 91 320, met our selection criteria. Most of the studies selected were of medium quality (90.5%). The age-adjusted prevalence rates of T2DM in Nigeria among persons aged 20–79 years increased from 2.0% (95% CI 1.9% to 2.1%) in 1990 to 5.7% (95% CI 5.5% to 5.8%) in 2015, accounting for over 874 000 and 4.7 million cases, respectively. The pooled prevalence rate of impaired glucose tolerance was 10.0% (95% CI 4.5% to 15.6%), while impaired fasting glucose was 5.8% (95% CI 3.8% to 7.8%). Hospital admission rate for T2DM was 222.6 (95% CI 133.1 to 312.1) per 100 000 population with hyperglycaemic emergencies, diabetic foot and cardiovascular diseases being most common complications. The overall mortality rate was 30.2 (95% CI 14.6 to 45.8) per 100 000 population, with a case fatality rate of 22.0% (95% CI 8.0% to 36.0%). Conclusion Our findings suggest an increasing burden of T2DM in Nigeria with many persons currently undiagnosed, and few known cases on treatment.

This paper contributes to the ICT-growth and trade-growth literature by investigating the ICT-trade nexus on economic and inclusive growth. That is, does ICT adoption enhance or distort the impact of trade on growth? With data on 53 African countries from 2005 to 2015 using mobile phones and fixed telephone subscriptions as indicators of ICT, findings provide evidence that (1) trade is a significant and positive predictor of growth, (2) the impact of trade on growth differs significantly across Africa’s sub-regions, (3) the effect of ICT adoption differs significantly across sub-regions, (4) ICT innovation enhances the impact of trade on growth, and (5) the ICT-trade nexus differ significantly across sub-regions. The study submits that these variables are critical drivers of economic and inclusive growth in Africa. However, the lack of consistency of the results across the sub-regions suggests that the level of ICT is still undeveloped. Policy implications are discussed.