Herein, the design and development of novel sensitive and cost-effective electrochemical sensors based on various classes of nanocomposites fabricated by different methods for the detection of biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid), heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺ and As³⁺) and environmental pollutants (hydrazine, nitrobenzene, nitrophenols and pesticides) are reviewed. Furthermore, the recent developments of electrochemical sensors, biosensors and pesticide sensors constructed using different nanocomposite materials having different morphologies for the reactive monitoring of food additives, human health and environmental safety are reviewed and presented. Interestingly, electrochemical techniques have received significant attention due to their remarkable durability; moreover, potential candidates for implementation in the real-time detection of analytes can be found in the recently reported studies. Advanced state-of-the-art nanostructured materials, such as nanorods, nanocubes, nanoneedles, nanoflowers, nanotubes and nanobundles, have the potential for application in electrochemical sensing platforms as they demonstrate high-performance electrochemical sensitivity, selectivity and long-term stability.

Since its discovery in 1839, research on the synthesis and application of perovskite materials has multiplied largely due to their suitability to be used in the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and material science. Appropriate changes in composition or addition of other elements or blending with polymers may result in new hybrid and/or composite perovskite materials that will be applied in advanced fields. In this review, we have recapitulated the recent progress on perovskite nanomaterial in solar cell, battery, fuel cell and supercapacitor applications, and the prominence properties of perovskite materials, such as excellent electronic, physical, chemical and optical properties. We discussed in detail the synthesis and results of various perovskite hybrid nanomaterials published elsewhere. We have also discussed the results of various studies on these low dimensional composite nanomaterials in broad sectors such as electronics/optoelectronics, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells and electrochemical sensors.