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Many forests restoration programs and efforts depend on seeds. Particularly in the Andes, further information regarding seed germination requirements and seed storage behavior is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage conditions on the germination percentage, the viability and the coefficient of velocity of germination for seeds of three native tree species (Cedrela montana, Weinmannia fagaroides and Oreocallis grandiflora). Under controlled conditions, the seeds were exposed to three levels of seed moisture content and storage temperatures (5 °C, 10 °C and room temperature at approx. 19 °C) for 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed that at 3–6 months of seed storage under temperatures of 5 and 10 °C, the seeds had a high percentage of germination, viability and germination speed for C. montana and W. fagaroides compared to those stored at room temperature. At 12 months of storage, there was a marked reduction in seed germination in all treatments for both species. Furthermore, the seed germination and viability of O. grandiflora was not influenced by any of the above storage treatments. However, at the end of the experiment a slight decrease was observed, hence this species might be tolerant to medium- and long-term storage conditions. Though limited to just three co-occurring species, the study provided insight into the variability in responses to storage, with preliminary indications of appropriate storage conditions to maximize storability of seeds for restoration programs. Importantly, the study demonstrated the need for empirical testing of storage responses (temperature and duration) of seeds before subjecting untested species to a particular storage regime.
Ximena Palomeque; Claudia Patiño Uyaguari; Franklin Marín; Mishel Palacios; Bernd Stimm. Effects of storage on seed germination and viability for three native tree species of Ecuador. Trees 2020, 34, 1 -11.
AMA StyleXimena Palomeque, Claudia Patiño Uyaguari, Franklin Marín, Mishel Palacios, Bernd Stimm. Effects of storage on seed germination and viability for three native tree species of Ecuador. Trees. 2020; 34 (6):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXimena Palomeque; Claudia Patiño Uyaguari; Franklin Marín; Mishel Palacios; Bernd Stimm. 2020. "Effects of storage on seed germination and viability for three native tree species of Ecuador." Trees 34, no. 6: 1-11.
Background: The impact of selective thinning on forest diversity has been extensively studied in temperate and boreal regions. However, in the tropics, knowledge is still poor regarding the impacts of this silvicultural treatment on functional diversity, especially in tropical mountain forests, which are considered to be highly biodiverse ecosystems and also endangered by human activities. By evaluating the changes on functional diversity by using different indicators, hypothesizing that selective thinning significantly affects (directly or indirectly) tropical mountain forests, this work promotes sustainable ecosystem use. Methods: A total of 52 permanent plots of 2500 m2 each were installed in a primary mountain forest in the San Francisco Biological Reserve to assess the impact of this silvicultural treatment. Selective thinning can be defined as a controlled process, in which trees that compete with ecologically and/or valuable timber species are progressively removed to stimulate the development of profitable ones, called potential crop trees (PCT). In doing so, the best specimens remain in the forest stand until their final harvest. After PCT selection, 30 plots were chosen for the intervention, while 22 plots served as control plots. The thinning intensity fluctuated between 4 and 56 trees ha−1 (average 18.8 ± 12.1 stems ha−1). Functional Diversity (FD) indices, including the community weighted mean (CWM), were determined based on six traits using the FD package implemented in R software. The difference between initial and final conditions of functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), functional evenness (FEve), functional dispersion (FDis), and Rao quadratic entropy (RaoQ) was modeled using linear mixed models (LMM). As fixed factors, we used all the predictors inherent to structural and ecological forest conditions before and after the selective thinning and as a random variable, we used the membership to nested sampling units. Results: Functional Richness (FRic) showed significant changes after selective thinning, the other indexes (FEve, FDis, FDiv, RaoQ) were only influenced by predictors related to ecological conditions and characteristics of the community.
Omar Cabrera; Patrick Hildebrandt; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter; Andreas Fries; Reinhard Mosandl. Functional Diversity Changes after Selective Thinning in a Tropical Mountain Forest in Southern Ecuador. Diversity 2020, 12, 256 .
AMA StyleOmar Cabrera, Patrick Hildebrandt, Bernd Stimm, Sven Günter, Andreas Fries, Reinhard Mosandl. Functional Diversity Changes after Selective Thinning in a Tropical Mountain Forest in Southern Ecuador. Diversity. 2020; 12 (6):256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Cabrera; Patrick Hildebrandt; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter; Andreas Fries; Reinhard Mosandl. 2020. "Functional Diversity Changes after Selective Thinning in a Tropical Mountain Forest in Southern Ecuador." Diversity 12, no. 6: 256.
Few studies have analysed the effect of silvicultural treatments on tree growth in tropical montane forests (TMF). These forests have strong topographic gradients, which influence growth rates and can potentially interact with silvicultural treatments. The present study investigated the relative effects of silvicultural treatments and topography on growth rates at the tree level in a TMF. For this, we combined two distinct data sources: (1) field data from a silvicultural experiment in the Andes of southern Ecuador where liberation thinnings, i.e. the removal of the strongest crown competitors, were applied to potential crop trees (PCT) in 2004; and (2) topographic variables obtained from a high-resolution digital terrain model created from an airborne LIDAR survey. We fitted all data in a single linear mixed-effect model. Based on monitoring data from 174 released and 200 reference PCTs of 8 timber species, we calculated periodic annual increment (PAI) in DBH 6 years after the silvicultural treatment as our outcome variable. As topographic predictors, we used elevation and a topographic position index. To control for the by-species growth variability we included random intercepts for species and random slopes for the effect of treatment on species in our model. PAI was significantly influenced by the topographic predictors. Over the elevational gradient, growth rates declined on average by 0.73 mm a−1 per 100 m increase in elevation. For the topographic position, PCTs in valleys had an average PAI of 2.02 mm a−1 compared to 1.04 mm a−1 on ridges. The effect of the silvicultural treatment across all species was only marginally significant, but its effect size was nevertheless within the range, but at the lower end of values reported for other tropical forest ecosystems (reference trees: 1.35 mm a−1; released trees: 1.60 mm a−1). Between species, baseline growth rates as well as the treatment effect varied considerably. Best linear unbiased predictions of species effects suggested that 5 species responded positively to the silvicultural treatment, whereas 3 species showed no treatment effect. Overall, tree growth varied substantially as indicated by the large residual variance that remained unaccounted for in the model. Our findings indicate that positive effects of silvicultural treatments in TMF are likely to exist, but that they are possibly obfuscated by strong topographical gradients and large between-tree growth variability. Overall, our results suggest that “broad-brush” management prescriptions are not suited for sustainable forest management of TMF. Instead, granular and spatially explicit prescriptions that take the strong impact of topography on diameter growth as well as species-specific responses to silvicultural treatments into account should be favoured.
Daniel Kübler; Patrick Hildebrandt; Sven Günter; Bernd Stimm; Michael Weber; Johana Muñoz; Omar Cabrera; Joerg Zeilinger; Brenner Silva; Reinhard Mosandl. Effects of silvicultural treatments and topography on individual tree growth in a tropical mountain forest in Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management 2019, 457, 117726 .
AMA StyleDaniel Kübler, Patrick Hildebrandt, Sven Günter, Bernd Stimm, Michael Weber, Johana Muñoz, Omar Cabrera, Joerg Zeilinger, Brenner Silva, Reinhard Mosandl. Effects of silvicultural treatments and topography on individual tree growth in a tropical mountain forest in Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management. 2019; 457 ():117726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Kübler; Patrick Hildebrandt; Sven Günter; Bernd Stimm; Michael Weber; Johana Muñoz; Omar Cabrera; Joerg Zeilinger; Brenner Silva; Reinhard Mosandl. 2019. "Effects of silvicultural treatments and topography on individual tree growth in a tropical mountain forest in Ecuador." Forest Ecology and Management 457, no. : 117726.
There are more than 600 species in the genus Garcinia throughout the tropics. Most of the species within this genus are upperstorey tree species, with some of them large enough to the extent that they are useful for timber. However, only 16 of these species are found in West Africa. Garcinia kola (Heckel) and its relatives, including G. livingstonei, G. gnetoides, G. staudtii, G. smeathemannii, G. ovalivolia, G. brevipediellata and G. mannii, are found in Nigeria as well as across the humid lowland plains of West Africa. Among all these Garcinia species, G. kola is by far the most popular. G. kola Heckel, popularly called bitter kola, is a very important edible fruit and medicinal tree species distributed in moist tropical forests of West and Central Africa. It is also known as false kola (mainly due to the absence of the stimulants that characterise the kola nut seeds) and male kola (due to its reported aphrodisiac properties). G. kola has been referred to as ‘wonder plant’ because almost every part of the tree has been found to be of medicinal importance. Thus, the species is a multi‐purpose tree, similar to kola nuts (Cola nitida).
Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. Garcinia kola. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie 2019, 1 -16.
AMA StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu, Bernd Stimm. Garcinia kola. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie. 2019; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. 2019. "Garcinia kola." Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie , no. : 1-16.
Blighia sapida, a member of the Sapindaceae family, is a tropical multipurpose woody perennial forest fruit tree species and native of the Guinean forests of West Africa (Ekué et al., 2011). The species is commonly called Ackee, a name that is derived from the West African “Akan” akye fufo. The fruit, which has become a national fruit in Jamaica, was imported into Jamaica from West Africa in the sixteenth century. The tree gained scientific recognition in 1793 when Captain William Bligh took the fruit from Jamaica to the Royal Botanic Garden in Kew, England, and introduced it to the scientific community (Lewis, 1965, cited in Maurya et al., 2013). The generic name “Blighia” honours Captain William Bligh while the specific epithet is in reference to the presence of substances in its seeds which turn water soapy or frothy (Orwa et al., 2009). Since its introduction to Jamaica, Blighia sapida has become a major feature of various Caribbean cuisines. From its West African origin, Ackee apple has traversed the Atlantic Ocean, making the Caribbean its home. The tree is often cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas around the world (especially in the Caribbean, Central America and South Florida) for its edible fruit (Barceloux, 2008; Ouattara et al., 2010; Falloon et al., 2014).
C. Jonathan Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. Blighia sapida. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie 2019, 1 -16.
AMA StyleC. Jonathan Onyekwelu, Bernd Stimm. Blighia sapida. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie. 2019; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Jonathan Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. 2019. "Blighia sapida." Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie , no. : 1-16.
The páramo, a collection of Neotropical alpine ecosystems, plays a prominent role in ecosystem services (ESs), providing water supply and regulation, conservation of biodiversity, and carbon storage in soil. The establishment of pine plantations for carbon sequestration and wood production has recently raised questions concerning the possible impact on the páramo’s ES. This study identifies the main stakeholders in this field and compares and contrasts their perceptions of the impact of pine plantations on the páramo’s ES, because the disparity among stakeholders’ perceptions must be addressed to achieve sustainable management. The data were gathered using 56 semi-structured interviews and were qualitatively analyzed. The results show that the main stakeholder groups (landowners, local government officials, foresters, and nature conservationists) acknowledge the important ES of the plantations. The perception of plantation impact varies among and within stakeholder groups, however, on specific functions, such as water provision, carbon storage, erosion prevention, and habitat function for wildlife and natural vegetation. Consideration and integration of these perceptions can help policy makers and organizations develop sustainable policies for the future management of the páramo ecosystem.
Carlos Quiroz Dahik; Patricio Crespo; Bernd Stimm; Felipe Murtinho; Michael Weber; Patrick Hildebrandt. Contrasting Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Pine Plantations in the Páramo Ecosystem of Ecuador. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1707 .
AMA StyleCarlos Quiroz Dahik, Patricio Crespo, Bernd Stimm, Felipe Murtinho, Michael Weber, Patrick Hildebrandt. Contrasting Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Pine Plantations in the Páramo Ecosystem of Ecuador. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Quiroz Dahik; Patricio Crespo; Bernd Stimm; Felipe Murtinho; Michael Weber; Patrick Hildebrandt. 2018. "Contrasting Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Pine Plantations in the Páramo Ecosystem of Ecuador." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1707.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190092.].
Carlos E. Manchego; Patrick Hildebrandt; Jorge Cueva; Carlos Ivan Espinosa; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter. Correction: Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0195851 .
AMA StyleCarlos E. Manchego, Patrick Hildebrandt, Jorge Cueva, Carlos Ivan Espinosa, Bernd Stimm, Sven Günter. Correction: Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (4):e0195851.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos E. Manchego; Patrick Hildebrandt; Jorge Cueva; Carlos Ivan Espinosa; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter. 2018. "Correction: Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4: e0195851.
Seasonally dry forests in the neotropics are heavily threatened by a combination of human disturbances and climate change; however, the severity of these threats is seldom contrasted. This study aims to quantify and compare the effects of deforestation and climate change on the natural spatial ranges of 17 characteristic tree species of southern Ecuador dry deciduous forests, which are heavily fragmented and support high levels of endemism as part of the Tumbesian ecoregion. We used 660 plant records to generate species distribution models and land-cover data to project species ranges for two time frames: a simulated deforestation scenario from 2008 to 2014 with native forest to anthropogenic land-use conversion, and an extreme climate change scenario (CCSM4.0, RCP 8.5) for 2050, which assumed zero change from human activities. To assess both potential threats, we compared the estimated annual rates of species loss (i.e., range shifts) affecting each species. Deforestation loss for all species averaged approximately 71 km2/year, while potential climate-attributed loss was almost 21 km2/year. Moreover, annual area loss rates due to deforestation were significantly higher than those attributed to climate-change (P < 0.01). However, projections into the future scenario show evidence of diverging displacement patterns, indicating the potential formation of novel ecosystems, which is consistent with other species assemblage predictions as result of climate change. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for management and conservation, prioritizing the most threatened species such as Albizia multiflora, Ceiba trichistandra, and Cochlospermum vitifolium.
Carlos E. Manchego; Patrick Hildebrandt; Jorge Cueva; Carlos Ivan Espinosa; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter. Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0190092 .
AMA StyleCarlos E. Manchego, Patrick Hildebrandt, Jorge Cueva, Carlos Ivan Espinosa, Bernd Stimm, Sven Günter. Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (12):e0190092.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos E. Manchego; Patrick Hildebrandt; Jorge Cueva; Carlos Ivan Espinosa; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter. 2017. "Climate change versus deforestation: Implications for tree species distribution in the dry forests of southern Ecuador." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12: e0190092.
Uno de los aspectos importantes a considerarse en la producción eficiente de plántulas con fines de restauración es la calidad de semillas y su variabilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los parámetros de semillas de acuerdo con las reglas del “International Seed Testing Association” entre diferentes árboles madre o individuos de siete especies nativas (Cedrela montana, Morella pubescens, Inga acreana, Tabebuia chrysantha, Ocotea heterochroma, Oreocallis grandiflora y Myrcianthes rhopaloides) en dos bosques de montaña del sur del Ecuador. Estas especies fueron seleccionadas por la importancia ecológica, socioeconómica, y su gran potencial para la restauración. De un total de 35 árboles madre de todas las especies, se colectaron las semillas en sus respectivos periodos de fructificación, y en el laboratorio fueron analizados los siguientes parámetros: pureza, peso, contenido de humedad y germinación; adicionalmente se determinó el coeficiente de velocidad de germinación. Los resultados mostraron una similitud intraespecífica en cada especie para la mayoría de los parámetros; no obstante, el peso presentó alta variabilidad intraespecífica para todas las especies. El parámetro germinación obtuvo diferencias entre individuos para C. montana, T. chrysantha, O. heterochroma y M. rophaloides. En cuanto a la velocidad de germinación, individuos de especies como O. grandiflora e I. acreana mostraron un alto coeficiente en contraste a los individuos de O. heterochroma y M. pubescens. La información generada en este estudio podría ser el primer paso en la formulación de pautas para la producción masiva de plántulas de especies nativas con fines de restauración.
Ximena Palomeque; Andrea Maza; Juan Pablo Iñamagua; Sven Günter; Patrick Hildebrandt; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm. Variabilidad intraespecífica en la calidad de semillas de especies forestales nativas en bosques montanos en el sur del Ecuador: Implicaciones para la restauración de bosques. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 2017, 51, 52 .
AMA StyleXimena Palomeque, Andrea Maza, Juan Pablo Iñamagua, Sven Günter, Patrick Hildebrandt, Michael Weber, Bernd Stimm. Variabilidad intraespecífica en la calidad de semillas de especies forestales nativas en bosques montanos en el sur del Ecuador: Implicaciones para la restauración de bosques. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales. 2017; 51 (2):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXimena Palomeque; Andrea Maza; Juan Pablo Iñamagua; Sven Günter; Patrick Hildebrandt; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm. 2017. "Variabilidad intraespecífica en la calidad de semillas de especies forestales nativas en bosques montanos en el sur del Ecuador: Implicaciones para la restauración de bosques." Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 51, no. 2: 52.
Forest recovery on disturbed areas is of special significance in the Ecuadorian Andes, where deforestation is a serious problem. Natural diachronic succession was evaluated on three large plots or sites, differing in their land use and vegetation composition, one is dominated by grass species on an abandoned pasture (Pasture site), the other two are post-fire vegetation dominated by bracken (Bracken site) and various shrubs (Shrub site). Additionally, we assessed the effectiveness of manual removal of competitive herbaceous species to accelerate forest recovery. Monitoring was done in 2003, 2005 and 2007 on 48 subplots of 116 m2 each recording species richness and woody-species density. Results showed that the Pasture site demonstrated a competitive effect of exotic grasses on woody species recruitment with much lower species recruitment and density, suggesting serious inhibition of natural forest regeneration and an unclear successional trajectory. The Bracken and Shrub sites became significantly similar floristically and there is evidence for a marked facilitation of woody plant recruitment correlated with light availability on the ground. Both sites showed characteristics of classic succession, with Shrub showing a higher species richness and density while late-successional species are poorly represented on the Bracken site. However, NMDS ordination using species density showed that the two trajectories may not be converging towards a common “final state”. Manual weeding was ineffective for accelerating forest recovery. These results suggest that the main limiting factor for the recruitment of woody species on the Pasture site is strong grass competition and must be addressed before seed availability, while seed availability seems to be the constraining factor for Bracken and Shrub site development, thus direct seeding or planting may be effective in accelerating forest recovery.
Ximena Palomeque; Sven Günter; David Siddons; Patrick Hildebrandt; Bernd Stimm; Nikolay Aguirre; Ruth Arias; Michael Weber. Natural or assisted succession as approach of forest recovery on abandoned lands with different land use history in the Andes of Southern Ecuador. New Forests 2017, 48, 643 -662.
AMA StyleXimena Palomeque, Sven Günter, David Siddons, Patrick Hildebrandt, Bernd Stimm, Nikolay Aguirre, Ruth Arias, Michael Weber. Natural or assisted succession as approach of forest recovery on abandoned lands with different land use history in the Andes of Southern Ecuador. New Forests. 2017; 48 (5):643-662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXimena Palomeque; Sven Günter; David Siddons; Patrick Hildebrandt; Bernd Stimm; Nikolay Aguirre; Ruth Arias; Michael Weber. 2017. "Natural or assisted succession as approach of forest recovery on abandoned lands with different land use history in the Andes of Southern Ecuador." New Forests 48, no. 5: 643-662.
Dacryodes edulis is a medium-sized, mid-canopy tree species, commonly found in secondary forests and old fallows. It is a member of the Burseraceae family, which are mainly shrubs and trees that yield a resinous aromatic gum from their cut-back. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ‘dakruon' (a tear) in reference to the resin droplets on the bark surface of its members. The specific name ‘edulis' means edible and refers to the edible fruits of the species. The fruit is of immense domestic importance to rural and urban dwellers in many countries in West and Central Africa, especially in Nigeria and Cameroon where it is widely cultivated, consumed and marketed. The fruits are harvested and consumed at household level while some are sold in local, regional and international markets. Rural dwellers are engaged in the collection, processing and sale of the fruits; thus, it enhances economic empowerment, provides rural employment and contributes to rural poverty alleviation. Hence, it has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. Out of the 19 fruit species of the genus Dacryodes found in West and Central Africa, D. edulis is the most commonly consumed and cultivated one. It was ranked second in importance after Irvingia gabonensis in the priority setting for tree domestication in the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa.
Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. Dacryodes edulis(G. Don) H. J. Lam, 1932. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie 2017, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu, Bernd Stimm. Dacryodes edulis(G. Don) H. J. Lam, 1932. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie. 2017; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. 2017. "Dacryodes edulis(G. Don) H. J. Lam, 1932." Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie , no. : 1-13.
High landscape diversity is assumed to increase the number and level of ecosystem services. However, the interactions between ecosystem service provision, disturbance and landscape composition are poorly understood. Here we present a novel approach to include uncertainty in the optimization of land allocation for improving the provision of multiple ecosystem services. We refer to the rehabilitation of abandoned agricultural lands in Ecuador including two types of both afforestation and pasture rehabilitation, together with a succession option. Our results show that high compositional landscape diversity supports multiple ecosystem services (multifunction effect). This implicitly provides a buffer against uncertainty. Our work shows that active integration of uncertainty is only important when optimizing single or highly correlated ecosystem services and that the multifunction effect on landscape diversity is stronger than the uncertainty effect. This is an important insight to support a land-use planning based on ecosystem services.
Thomas Knoke; Carola Paul; Patrick Hildebrandt; Baltazar Calvas; Luz Maria Castro; Fabian Härtl; Martin Döllerer; Ute Hamer; David Windhorst; Yolanda Wiersma; Giulia F. Curatola Fernández; Wolfgang A. Obermeier; Julia Adams; Lutz Breuer; Reinhard Mosandl; Erwin Beck; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm; Wolfgang Haber; Christine Fürst; Jörg Bendix. Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties. Nature Communications 2016, 7, 11877 .
AMA StyleThomas Knoke, Carola Paul, Patrick Hildebrandt, Baltazar Calvas, Luz Maria Castro, Fabian Härtl, Martin Döllerer, Ute Hamer, David Windhorst, Yolanda Wiersma, Giulia F. Curatola Fernández, Wolfgang A. Obermeier, Julia Adams, Lutz Breuer, Reinhard Mosandl, Erwin Beck, Michael Weber, Bernd Stimm, Wolfgang Haber, Christine Fürst, Jörg Bendix. Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties. Nature Communications. 2016; 7 (1):11877.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Knoke; Carola Paul; Patrick Hildebrandt; Baltazar Calvas; Luz Maria Castro; Fabian Härtl; Martin Döllerer; Ute Hamer; David Windhorst; Yolanda Wiersma; Giulia F. Curatola Fernández; Wolfgang A. Obermeier; Julia Adams; Lutz Breuer; Reinhard Mosandl; Erwin Beck; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm; Wolfgang Haber; Christine Fürst; Jörg Bendix. 2016. "Compositional diversity of rehabilitated tropical lands supports multiple ecosystem services and buffers uncertainties." Nature Communications 7, no. 1: 11877.
Pentaclethra macrophylla is a medium-sized to fairly large leguminous woody plant of an average height of 20–35 m and a mean diameter at breast height (dbh) of 0.3 m, with the ability of attaining a dbh of nearly 2 m. The African oil bean tree is one of the forest tree species of immense domestic importance to rural and urban dwellers in many countries in West and Central Africa. In southeastern Nigeria, P. macrophylla seeds play an important role in the diet of many people, especially in the rural areas. The seeds can be processed into a variety of high-protein foods. The most popular product of the species is called ‘ugba' (in Igbo language in Nigeria), which is a widely consumed protein-rich food product with appealing organoleptic qualities; it is produced by an age-long, primitive and house-hold process of solid-state fermentation of P. macrophylla seeds. The fermented seeds are used as seasoning in the preparation of local soups and local lettuce served to visitors in conjunction with melon cakes. Also, the processed seeds are used as food delicacy during cultural festivals such as weddings and new yam festivals in Nigeria. In these forms, the seeds contribute essential nutrients like proteins, minerals and vitamins to a monotonous carbohydrate-dominated diet of rural people. Since rural people engage in the collection, processing and sale of the seeds, it enhances the economic empowerment of rural dwellers and provides rural employment, thus contributing to rural poverty alleviation.Keywords:African oil bean treee;distribution;morphology;taxonomy;conservation;ecology;uses
Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham , 1841. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie 2015, 1 -13.
AMA StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu, Bernd Stimm. Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham , 1841. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie. 2015; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. 2015. "Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham , 1841." Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie , no. : 1-13.
Tropical forests contain many tree species that have supplied edible fruits for centuries. These fruits have contributed to human diets due to their richness in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and their low anti-nutrients content. We investigated the antioxidant, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum fruit parts. The nutritional, anti-nutritional and antioxidant compositions differed depending on the fruit part. Irrespective of fruit part, moisture content was high (72–93 %). While the edible part (fruit pulp) of C. albidum proved a better source of protein (4), fibre (17 %) and fat (2 %), the seed kernel was a better source of ash (2 %) and carbohydrate (15 %). Carbohydrate (22 %), protein (2 %), fat (1 %) and fibre (3 %) were higher in G. kola seed kernel (edible part) than in the pulp and pod. Anti-nutrient content in G. kola and C. albidum fruits was low, indicating that their consumption would not pose nutritional or health problems. The antioxidant compositions (especially phenolic content (10–21 mg·g−1) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl–2 picrylhydrazyl) (26–55 %)) of C. albidum fruit pulp and G. kola seed kernel were high, implying that they could be good sources of natural antioxidants and could be used as supplements in food manufacturing.
Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Olufunmilayo Oyewale; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl. Antioxidant, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum from rainforest ecosystem of Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Forestry Research 2015, 26, 417 -424.
AMA StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu, Olufunmilayo Oyewale, Bernd Stimm, Reinhard Mosandl. Antioxidant, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum from rainforest ecosystem of Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Forestry Research. 2015; 26 (2):417-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu; Olufunmilayo Oyewale; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl. 2015. "Antioxidant, nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of Garcinia kola and Chrysophyllum albidum from rainforest ecosystem of Ondo State, Nigeria." Journal of Forestry Research 26, no. 2: 417-424.
Daniel Kübler; Patrick Hildebrandt; Sven Günter; Bernd Stimm; Michael Weber; Reinhard Mosandl; Johana Muñoz; Omar Cabrera; Jörg Zeilinger; Brenner Silva. Assessing the importance of topographic variables for the spatial distribution of tree species in a tropical mountain forest. Erdkunde 2015, 70, 19 -47.
AMA StyleDaniel Kübler, Patrick Hildebrandt, Sven Günter, Bernd Stimm, Michael Weber, Reinhard Mosandl, Johana Muñoz, Omar Cabrera, Jörg Zeilinger, Brenner Silva. Assessing the importance of topographic variables for the spatial distribution of tree species in a tropical mountain forest. Erdkunde. 2015; 70 (1):19-47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Kübler; Patrick Hildebrandt; Sven Günter; Bernd Stimm; Michael Weber; Reinhard Mosandl; Johana Muñoz; Omar Cabrera; Jörg Zeilinger; Brenner Silva. 2015. "Assessing the importance of topographic variables for the spatial distribution of tree species in a tropical mountain forest." Erdkunde 70, no. 1: 19-47.
Increasing demands for livelihood resources in tropical rural areas have led to progressive clearing of biodiverse natural forests. Restoration of abandoned farmlands could counter this process. However, as aims and modes of restoration differ in their ecological and socio-economic value, the assessment of achievable ecosystem functions and benefits requires holistic investigation. Here we combine the results from multidisciplinary research for a unique assessment based on a normalization of 23 ecological, economic and social indicators for four restoration options in the tropical Andes of Ecuador. A comparison of the outcomes among afforestation with native alder or exotic pine, pasture restoration with either low-input or intense management and the abandoned status quo shows that both variants of afforestation and intense pasture use improve the ecological value, but low-input pasture does not. Economic indicators favour either afforestation or intense pasturing. Both Mestizo and indigenous Saraguro settlers are more inclined to opt for afforestation.
Thomas Knoke; Jörg Bendix; Perdita Pohle; Ute Hamer; Patrick Hildebrandt; Kristin Roos; Andres Gerique; María L. Sandoval; Lutz Breuer; Alexander Tischer; Brenner Silva; Baltazar Calvas; Nikolay Aguirre; Luz M. Castro; David Windhorst; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter; Ximena Palomeque; Julio Mora; Reinhard Mosandl; Erwin Beck. Afforestation or intense pasturing improve the ecological and economic value of abandoned tropical farmlands. Nature Communications 2014, 5, 5612 .
AMA StyleThomas Knoke, Jörg Bendix, Perdita Pohle, Ute Hamer, Patrick Hildebrandt, Kristin Roos, Andres Gerique, María L. Sandoval, Lutz Breuer, Alexander Tischer, Brenner Silva, Baltazar Calvas, Nikolay Aguirre, Luz M. Castro, David Windhorst, Michael Weber, Bernd Stimm, Sven Günter, Ximena Palomeque, Julio Mora, Reinhard Mosandl, Erwin Beck. Afforestation or intense pasturing improve the ecological and economic value of abandoned tropical farmlands. Nature Communications. 2014; 5 (1):5612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Knoke; Jörg Bendix; Perdita Pohle; Ute Hamer; Patrick Hildebrandt; Kristin Roos; Andres Gerique; María L. Sandoval; Lutz Breuer; Alexander Tischer; Brenner Silva; Baltazar Calvas; Nikolay Aguirre; Luz M. Castro; David Windhorst; Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm; Sven Günter; Ximena Palomeque; Julio Mora; Reinhard Mosandl; Erwin Beck. 2014. "Afforestation or intense pasturing improve the ecological and economic value of abandoned tropical farmlands." Nature Communications 5, no. 1: 5612.
Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Johnson A. Olusola; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl; Aladesanmi D. Agbelade. Farm-level tree growth characteristics, fruit phenotypic variation and market potential assessment of three socio-economically important forest fruit tree species. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 2014, 24, 27 -42.
AMA StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu, Johnson A. Olusola, Bernd Stimm, Reinhard Mosandl, Aladesanmi D. Agbelade. Farm-level tree growth characteristics, fruit phenotypic variation and market potential assessment of three socio-economically important forest fruit tree species. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 2014; 24 (1):27-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonathan C. Onyekwelu; Johnson A. Olusola; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl; Aladesanmi D. Agbelade. 2014. "Farm-level tree growth characteristics, fruit phenotypic variation and market potential assessment of three socio-economically important forest fruit tree species." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 24, no. 1: 27-42.
Der Artikel enthält folgende Abschnitte: Distribution Morphology Leaves Flowers and fruits Wood Roots Taxonomy, genetic differentiation, races and hybrids Growth and yield Conservation Reproduction, regeneration, propagation and cultivation Ecology Pathology Uses
Dietrich Böhlmann; Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., 1849. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie 2014, 1 -15.
AMA StyleDietrich Böhlmann, Jonathan C. Onyekwelu, Bernd Stimm. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., 1849. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie. 2014; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDietrich Böhlmann; Jonathan C. Onyekwelu; Bernd Stimm. 2014. "Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., 1849." Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie , no. : 1-15.
Conservation in Ecuador is mainly realised through an extensive network of protected areas. Recently, multi-stakeholder initiatives and payments for environmental services are also implemented to support conservation. Natural forests provide 120 timber species to the Ecuadorian market. Furthermore, they harbour a wealth of different species for non-timber forest uses (NTFPs), which play a substantial role in the livelihoods of small-scale farming households. However, the extent differs among the ethnic groups. Another essential but often neglected service of natural forests is its relevance as a genetic resource for reproductive material. Reforestation of unproductive land is an important option to reduce the pressure on natural forests and to rehabilitate its provisioning services. So far mostly exotic tree species have been used for this. We demonstrate that reforestation programmes with native tree species have a good potential and may generate several thousands of job opportunities and a huge market for forest reproductive material.
Michael Weber; Bernd Stimm; María Fernanda López; Andres Gerique; Perdita Pohle; Patrick Hildebrandt; Thomas Knoke; Ximena Palomeque; Baltazar Calvas; Sven Günter; Nikolai Aguirre; Daniel Kübler. Conservation, Management of Natural Forests and Reforestation of Pastures to Retain and Restore Current Provisioning Services. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems 2013, 221, 171 -185.
AMA StyleMichael Weber, Bernd Stimm, María Fernanda López, Andres Gerique, Perdita Pohle, Patrick Hildebrandt, Thomas Knoke, Ximena Palomeque, Baltazar Calvas, Sven Günter, Nikolai Aguirre, Daniel Kübler. Conservation, Management of Natural Forests and Reforestation of Pastures to Retain and Restore Current Provisioning Services. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. 2013; 221 ():171-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Weber; Bernd Stimm; María Fernanda López; Andres Gerique; Perdita Pohle; Patrick Hildebrandt; Thomas Knoke; Ximena Palomeque; Baltazar Calvas; Sven Günter; Nikolai Aguirre; Daniel Kübler. 2013. "Conservation, Management of Natural Forests and Reforestation of Pastures to Retain and Restore Current Provisioning Services." Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems 221, no. : 171-185.
Driven by an ever-increasing demand for agricultural provisioning services, large areas of tropical forest have been lost worldwide during recent decades. The conversion of forests into agricultural land results in rarely quantified losses of social and ecological services and triggers soil erosion, sedimentation, and climate change. Conceptual considerations identify a strong need for improved and sustainable agriculture to solve this problem. A combination of intensified agriculture, conservation payments to avoid forest loss, and land-use diversification may provide a solution to land-use conflicts. Improved concepts must lead to the production of enough food to keep food prices at a reasonable level. Future research must thus focus on concepts to intensify agricultural production while ensuring sustainability by avoiding the detrimental consequences of the intensification such as the loss of biodiversity, erosion, subsequent land degradation, and the pollution of water reservoirs.
Baltazar Calvas; Thomas Knoke; Luz Maria Castro; Patrick Hildebrandt; Michael A Weber; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl; Sven Günter; Nikolai Aguirre. Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation Payments Are Key Factors in Mitigating Tropical Forest Loss. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems 2013, 235 -244.
AMA StyleBaltazar Calvas, Thomas Knoke, Luz Maria Castro, Patrick Hildebrandt, Michael A Weber, Bernd Stimm, Reinhard Mosandl, Sven Günter, Nikolai Aguirre. Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation Payments Are Key Factors in Mitigating Tropical Forest Loss. Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. 2013; ():235-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaltazar Calvas; Thomas Knoke; Luz Maria Castro; Patrick Hildebrandt; Michael A Weber; Bernd Stimm; Reinhard Mosandl; Sven Günter; Nikolai Aguirre. 2013. "Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation Payments Are Key Factors in Mitigating Tropical Forest Loss." Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems , no. : 235-244.