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Olu Odeyemi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B. 13, Ile-Ife, Osun 220282, Nigeria

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Review
Published: 30 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Composting is the controlled conversion of degradable organic products and wastes into stable products with the aid of microorganisms. Composting is a long-used technology, though it has some shortcomings that have reduced its extensive usage and efficiency. The shortcomings include pathogen detection, low nutrient status, long duration of composting, long mineralization duration, and odor production. These challenges have publicized the use of chemical fertilizers produced through the Haber–Bosch process as an alternative to compost over time. Chemical fertilizers make nutrients readily available to plants, but their disadvantages outweigh their advantages. For example, chemical fertilizers contribute to greenhouse effects, environmental pollution, death of soil organisms and marine inhabitants, ozone layer depletion, and human diseases. These have resulted in farmers reverting to the application of composts as a means of restoring soil fertility. Composting is a fundamental process in agriculture and helps in the recycling of farm wastes. The long duration of composting is a challenge; this is due to the presence of materials that take a longer time to compost, especially during co-composting. This review discusses the proper management of wastes through composting, different composting methods, the factors affecting composting, long-duration composting, the mechanism behind it, the present trends in composting and prospects. The extraction of mono-fertilizers from compost, development of strips to test for the availability of heavy metals and pathogens as well as an odor-trapping technique can go a long way in enhancing composting techniques. The addition of activators to raw materials can help to improve the nutritional quality of compost. This review further recommends that degradable organic material in which composts slowly should be assessed for their ability to mineralize slowly, which could make them advantageous to perennial or biennial crops. Viricides, fungicides, anti-nematodes, and anti-bacterial of plant or organic sources could as well be added to improve compost quality. The enhancement of composting duration will also be useful.

ACS Style

Modupe Stella Ayilara; Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju; Olubukola Oluranti Babalola; Olu Odeyemi. Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4456 .

AMA Style

Modupe Stella Ayilara, Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola, Olu Odeyemi. Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Modupe Stella Ayilara; Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju; Olubukola Oluranti Babalola; Olu Odeyemi. 2020. "Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4456.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2018 in AMB Express
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Identification of fungal species based on morphological characteristics is tedious, complex, prone to errors, and thus cannot be completely relied upon. In this study, internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1 and 4)-polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify DNA of 19 mushroom isolates collected at Environmental Pollution Science and Technology farm, Ilesa, Southwest Nigeria. The PCR amplification of ITS1 and 4 of the mushrooms isolates yielded approximately 850 bp. Amplicons obtained were sequenced and identified using BLASTn in the NCBI. The BLASTn results revealed that Termitomyces aurantiacus (3), Tricholoma matsutake (8), Tricholoma robustum (2), P. ostreatus (4), Schizophyllum commune (1) and Pleurotus pulmonarius (1) were fully represented. Only Tricholoma matsutake (KT273371), Pleurotus pulmonarius (KY962469) and Tricholoma matsutake (AF438605) had 100% similarity with reference strain. However, the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed low genetic relatedness with reference strains. This study revealed the novelty of the mushroom strains and thus advocating the need for strict conservation measures and further investigations on their potential benefits to mankind.

ACS Style

Mobolaji Adeniyi; Yinka Titilawo; Anthonia Oluduro; Olu Odeyemi; Motebang Nakin; Anthony Okoh. Molecular identification of some wild Nigerian mushrooms using internal transcribed spacer: polymerase chain reaction. AMB Express 2018, 8, 148 .

AMA Style

Mobolaji Adeniyi, Yinka Titilawo, Anthonia Oluduro, Olu Odeyemi, Motebang Nakin, Anthony Okoh. Molecular identification of some wild Nigerian mushrooms using internal transcribed spacer: polymerase chain reaction. AMB Express. 2018; 8 (1):148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mobolaji Adeniyi; Yinka Titilawo; Anthonia Oluduro; Olu Odeyemi; Motebang Nakin; Anthony Okoh. 2018. "Molecular identification of some wild Nigerian mushrooms using internal transcribed spacer: polymerase chain reaction." AMB Express 8, no. 1: 148.