The importance of transformational leadership and well-being of staff in the government punjab model bazaar management company (PMBMC) is progressively more recognized, anyhow there is a lesser amount of information regarding the mechanism to enlighten the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee job satisfaction (JS) and well-being (WB). The objective of this study is examining psychological mechanism that links with transformational leadership behaviors to employee’s job satisfaction and well-being. The study design is cross sectional and take place in all (26) model bazaars in Punjab. 200 staff of PMBMC completed the survey questionnaire which was sent to all employees in each bazaar, all participants are males with average ratio of education intermediate and age average 27 to 35 years. Each participant would rate their line manager’s leadership style. Team efficacy was found to act as mediator. In industries and commerce sector PMBMC pressurized environment faced by employees, today transformational leadership may help by ensuring employee’s job satisfaction and positive state of mind as well-being in the form of competent group.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the interaction between e-leadership and sustainable performance and how this relation is affected by perceived team dynamics and perceived organizational support in software development houses. Using an empirical approach, the current study is based on quantitative research, collecting responses through online surveys from the employees of software development companies present in three main cities of Punjab province, Pakistan. Purposive sampling techniques have been used and different statistical techniques have been applied for the analysis of data. The results showed a significant relation between e-leadership and employee sustainable performance. There exists a positive mediating and moderating effect of perceived team dynamics and perceived organizational support respectively. This research has contributed to the literature on e-leadership and using the mediating and moderating effect of perceived team dynamics and perceived organizational support specifically in software development companies for sustainable employee performance.

The main aim of this study is to determine the elements that have an impact on the capital structure of Islamic banks in the SAARC region. Islamic banks are unique since they operate under the oversight of financial regulatory organizations such as state banks and Shari’ah compliance which are governing their financial activities and expected to influence Islamic banks’ capital structure decisions in comparison to their conventional counterparts. For this study, we built an empirical model to account for the interplay between our independent variables and leverage. From 2011–2021, 17 Islamic banks (IBs) in the SAARC area were used to evaluate the empirical model utilizing a panel data approach and GLS regression analysis with correlated disturbance. This study's empirical findings indicate that the leverage ratio of IBs is positively insignificant when controlling for profitability and non-debt tax shields. The leverage ratio of IBs is positively impacted by tangibility, liquidity, and the size of the bank. However, GDP per capita and growth are negatively insignificant to the leverage ratio. Future studies are suggested in certain ways, in terms of samples other regions and countries could be considered and it is also recommended to take into consideration other financial and non-financial institutes to check their capital structure decisions. Another suggestion is to explore other variables such as; artificial intelligence and corporate governance. Specifically targeting Islamic banks in the SAARC area, this research contributes to the current body of knowledge by offering empirical proof of the critical variables impacting the capital structure of these institutions.

The main objective of the study is to find the influence of different styles of leadership, specifically servant and spiritual leadership, on sustainable performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan by taking employee’s engagement as mediator and top management support as a moderator. A total sample size of 503 participants from different SMEs was used to gather data, employing a purposive sampling technique. The results indicate that both servant and spiritual leadership both have a positive and significant impact on sustainable performance. The mediating role of employee’s engagement and moderating role of top management support were found to be significant, highlighting their importance in the overall leadership-performance dynamic. This study enhances the literature by offering evidence on the impact of leadership styles on sustainable performance in the context of Pakistani SMEs. It offers practical understandings for leaders and policymakers on how to harness the potential of servant and spiritual leadership to achieve sustainability. By highlighting the importance of moderator and mediator, the study provides a roadmap for enhancing organizational performance through targeted leadership development and supportive management practices.

This article investigates how mediating variables such as financial literacy and social capital can be used in the relationship between financial inclusion and sustainable development in the Pakistani educational sector. A quantitative survey design was used to gather data on educators, students, and stakeholders, in order to quantify financial inclusion, financial literacy, social capital, and sustainable development. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the proposed relationships with SmartPLS. The results show that there are positive and significant correlations between financial inclusion and financial literacy, along with social capital and sustainable development. The findings also indicate that the connection between financial inclusion and sustainable development is associated with financial literacy and social capital. The present study can be useful because it describes the connection between financial access and sustainable results—based on financial knowledge, trust, cooperation, and networks—and provides implications for policymakers, educators, and financial institutions in practice.