The processing volume of bioengineering operations requires flow properties of algal mass for effective processing techniques. Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae cultured at 25 °C in Tap media under continuous illumination was considered. It showed an exponential phase of growth up to 8 days and then a stationary phase of growth from 8 days to 15 days. The rheological properties of microalgae biomass during the growth represented power law model. Microscopic analysis showed the influence of shearing on variation of algal structure from clusters to complete cell separation. The flow properties supported the microscopy analysis showing the shear thickening property at high shear rates and shear thinning nature at low shear regime. Optimal power required for the agitation of biomass based on the variations of non-Newtonian viscosity were predicted by considering the vessel geometry.

The exponential growth in plastic consumption and subsequent waste generation in India has emerged as a significant environmental and socio-economic challenge. Among the various concerns, microplastics tiny plastic particles resulting from the breakdown of larger plastic debris pose serious and often overlooked risks to ecosystems and human health. These pollutants infiltrate air, water, and soil systems, accumulating through food chains and impacting biodiversity, agriculture, and public well-being. This review critically examines the current plastic production and consumption patterns in India, tracing the sources, pathways, and impacts of microplastics. It highlights the multifaceted challenges posed by microplastic pollution, ranging from environmental degradation to economic losses and public health threats. The manuscript underscores the urgent need to transition toward a sustainable, circular plastic economy. It evaluates key strategies such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), waste valorisation, technological innovations, and robust policy frameworks. By integrating global best practices and Indian case studies, the review presents actionable insights for policymakers, industries, and civil society. A well-structured circular economy can significantly curtail microplastic proliferation while fostering economic resilience, resource efficiency, and long-term environmental sustainability in India.

The present study highlights the possible utilization of the polymer blend of polyacrylamide and xanthan gum for an enhanced oil recovery application. A detailed investigation was carried out to examine the effect of alkali and high-performance surfactants on the polymer solution's rheological properties and emulsion stability characteristics. Besides, alteration in the flow characteristics of polymeric solutions corresponding to reservoir conditions was examined. The application of polymer blends in enhanced oil recovery seems to be promising based on the present study, it shows higher tolerance to salinity, temperature, alkali, and surfactant than parent polymers.