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Mediterranean headwater catchments have experienced major land-use changes in recent centuries, namely characterized by afforestation with fast-growing tree species (e.g., pine and eucalyptus). This paper investigates differences in the hydrological response of two forested catchments with distinct Pinus pinaster Aiton (PIN) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (EUC) covers over 6 hydrological years, from 2010 to 2016. The study was developed in paired catchments located in North–Central Portugal, under wet Mediterranean climate and schist bedrock. Based on rainfall and streamflow measurements, the hydrological responses were analyzed through the water-balance calculations, rainfall-runoff event analyses, and correlations between rainfall characteristics, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, overland flow, and land-cover parameters. The study period recorded a wide range of annual rainfall, between 984 and 2127 mm per years. The annual streamflow displayed greater inter-annual variation, from 208 to 1430 mm for PIN and from 217 to 1291 mm for EUC. The runoff coefficient was higher in the wettest years, with a maximum of 58% for PIN and 61% for EUC, and decreased substantially in the driest year, representing only 17% of the rainfall in PIN and 22% in EUC. Rainfall was predominant during the winter season (41%), followed by autumn (30%) and spring (24%). The streamflow displayed a seasonal behavior in both catchments, with higher runoff coefficient for EUC that for PIN. Half of the annual streamflow occurs during the winter, with the highest average runoff coefficient attained for EUC and PIN respectively being 68% and 64% of the rainfall amount. Annual evapotranspiration was relatively constant through the six years of study and showed higher average values in PIN (907 mm) than EUC (739 mm), highlighting the importance of forest type and showing that mature pine plantations lead to higher water consumption than eucalypt stands. Annual rainfall amount affects evapotranspiration rate (%), the percentage of ET increasing from 37% to 78% for PIN and from 34% to 73% for EUC between the wettest and the driest years, which raises concerns regarding the impact of climate changes on water availability in the mountain areas of the Mediterranean region.
Anne-Karine Boulet; Mitas Rial-Rivas; Carla Ferreira; Celeste Coelho; Zahra Kalantari; Jan Keizer; António Ferreira. Hydrological Processes in Eucalypt and Pine Forested Headwater Catchments within Mediterranean Region. Water 2021, 13, 1418 .
AMA StyleAnne-Karine Boulet, Mitas Rial-Rivas, Carla Ferreira, Celeste Coelho, Zahra Kalantari, Jan Keizer, António Ferreira. Hydrological Processes in Eucalypt and Pine Forested Headwater Catchments within Mediterranean Region. Water. 2021; 13 (10):1418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne-Karine Boulet; Mitas Rial-Rivas; Carla Ferreira; Celeste Coelho; Zahra Kalantari; Jan Keizer; António Ferreira. 2021. "Hydrological Processes in Eucalypt and Pine Forested Headwater Catchments within Mediterranean Region." Water 13, no. 10: 1418.
Hydrological modeling is nowadays a widely used decision making tool to predict watershed behavior in forest areas. A commonly used processed based watershed model is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT provides comprehensive forest management operations and offers a diversity of adjustable input parameters to simulate complex processes inside a catchment. Nevertheless, one well-known obstacle of SWAT is the poor model performance during dry periods, characterized by low discharge and/or a dried-out catchment, causes by a possible seasonal dependency of input parameter related to climate conditions. Model predictions inherently goes along with uncertainties, linked to a diversity of unknown input parameters and assumptions. Therefore, to minimize model predictions uncertainties the use of an appropriate calibration technique is indispensable. During a conventional calibration process with SWAT model, inputs do not consider seasonal variabilities, by generally using a single parameter set for simulating discharge in a catchment. Although some studies have shown, a significant improvement while using different parameter sets, according to a wet or dry season [1, 2]. However, there is still a knowledge gap in applying such season-based calibration approach, namely under which conditions such approach could improve model predictions. The aim of this study is to determine the parameters which seem to have higher influence under seasonal climate conditions in contrast to season independent parameters, in a semi-managed eucalyptus forest catchment in North Central Portugal. We will use different parameter sets according to a wet and dry period, to improve the discharge simulation and make a model performance more robust. Further to optimize different model scenarios, such as transport processes, that depending on seasonal flow regimes. The climate of the study area is a warm- summer Mediterranean climate dominated by dry, warm and long summers. The hydrological dataset used for the calibration and validation period comprises the hydrological years 2010 to 2016, with a local metrological dataset and discharge measurements from the outlet of the catchment. Global sensitive analysis (GSA) is performed with the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Testing (FAST) in SWATplusR [3], for following defined cases, (i) over the complete data period (conventional), (ii) the wet and the (iii) dry season dataset. Whereas for the calibration and the validation period, the dataset is divided by a 4-year calibration and a 2-year validation period. Respectively, a conventional and a season-based calibration is done while using SWATplusR. The GSA results show that the most influencing parameters for the conventional dataset are the curve number (CN2) with a sensitivity of 0.65, followed by the available water capacity of the soil layer (SOL_AWC) with a sensitivity of 0.008. When using the dry season dataset the sensitivity of the CN2 parameter decreases by a factor of 0.45 and SOL_AWC increases by a factor of 5, confirming the hypothesis of an input dependency on seasonal climate conditions.
[1] Zhang, D. et al., 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.018
[2] Muleta, M.K. et al., 2012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000421
[3] Schürz, C., 2019. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3373859
Svenja van Schelve; Diana C. S. Vieira; Jan J. Keizer; Martinho António Santos Martins; Anne-Karine Boulet. Assessing a seasonal calibration approach for a small forest catchment in a Mediterranean region North Central Portugal. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSvenja van Schelve, Diana C. S. Vieira, Jan J. Keizer, Martinho António Santos Martins, Anne-Karine Boulet. Assessing a seasonal calibration approach for a small forest catchment in a Mediterranean region North Central Portugal. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvenja van Schelve; Diana C. S. Vieira; Jan J. Keizer; Martinho António Santos Martins; Anne-Karine Boulet. 2021. "Assessing a seasonal calibration approach for a small forest catchment in a Mediterranean region North Central Portugal." , no. : 1.
In Portugal, grain corn is the main cereal produced, comprising 56% of total cereal yield. It is grown in intensive monoculture cropping systems that may have negative effects on soil quality, affecting long-term fertility and productivity, and therefore the sustainability of production. A promising management practice to mitigate soil degradation is to grow a cover crop during the usual fallow period. This study examined in which extend six species of legume cover crops (forage pea (pisum sativum L), yellow lupin (lupinus luteus), crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum), balansa clover (trifolium michelianum), persian clover (trifolium suaveolens), and arrowleaf clover (trifolium vesiculosum) are suitable to mitigate soil threats in grain corn systems specifically in the Mediterranean region. Specific objectives were to identify the effectiveness of the legume 6 species in improving soil fertility (i.e., soil organic matter content), mitigating nutrient leaching, nutrient recycling, and weed control. The study was performed in the lower Mondego valley in central Portugal. It covered two autumn to spring periods of cover crop cultivation, and assessed changes in soil fertility, dry biomass yield of legumes and weeds, and their associated nutrient content (total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium).
In general, the six legume cover crops (LCC) species showed good adaptation to Mediterranean conditions, yielding large amounts of biomass (up to 8 ton/ha for clovers species). At the short term, LCC incorporation into the soil had no clear effect in soil organic matter content. The median uptake of NPK macronutrients for all species was high respectively 176-20-172 kg/ha, due to their generally high biomass production, highlighting their great potential to mitigate nutrient leaching. The capacity of the LCC to provide green manure services enabled a median reduction of 40% of N, 60% of P, and 100% of K supplied by mineral fertilizers necessary to attain a corn grain yield of 12t/ha. LCC showed a good effectiveness in weeds control, although only in the second year of the study. Three clover species (crimson, balansa, arrowleaf) performed best in terms of weed control maintaining weed production below 0.5 ton/ha, vs 3-4 ton/ha in control plots, due to early establishment and/or high biomass production in later growth stages, and avoiding the first application of herbicide in pre-emergent herbicide for grain corn cultivation.
Anne Karine Boulet; Carlos Alarcão; Carla Ferreira; Adelcia Veiga; Lara Campos; António Ferreira; Rudi Hessel. Introduction of legume cover crops practice in intensive grain corn crop system to mitigate soil threats in the Mediterranean region. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAnne Karine Boulet, Carlos Alarcão, Carla Ferreira, Adelcia Veiga, Lara Campos, António Ferreira, Rudi Hessel. Introduction of legume cover crops practice in intensive grain corn crop system to mitigate soil threats in the Mediterranean region. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Karine Boulet; Carlos Alarcão; Carla Ferreira; Adelcia Veiga; Lara Campos; António Ferreira; Rudi Hessel. 2021. "Introduction of legume cover crops practice in intensive grain corn crop system to mitigate soil threats in the Mediterranean region." , no. : 1.
The extensive afforestation of the Mediterranean rim of Europe in recent decades has increased the number of wildfire disturbances on hydrological and sediment processes, but the impacts on headwater catchments is still poorly understood, especially when compared with the previous agricultural landscape. This work monitored an agroforestry catchment in the north-western Iberian Peninsula, with plantation forests mixed with traditional agriculture using soil conservation practices, for one year before the fire and for three years afterwards, during which period the burnt area was plowed and reforested. During this period, continuous data was collected for meteorology, streamflow and sediment concentration at the outlet, erosion features were mapped and measured after major rainfall events, and channel sediment dynamics were monitored downstream from the agricultural and the burnt forest area. Data from 202 rainfall events with over 10 mm was analysed in detail.
Results show that the fire led to a notable impact on sediment processes during the first two post-fire years, but not on streamflow processes; this despite the small size of the burnt area (10% of the catchment) and the occurrence of a severe drought in the first year after the fire. During this period, soil loss at the burnt forest slopes was much larger than that at most traditionally managed fields, and, ultimately, led to sediment exhaustion. At the catchment scale, storm characteristics were the dominant factor behind streamflow and sediment yield both before and after the fire. However, the data indicated a shift from detachment-limited sediment yield before the fire, to transport-limited sediment yield afterwards, with important increases in streamflow sediment concentration. This indicates that even small fires can temporarily change sediment processes in agroforestry catchments, with potential negative consequences for downstream water quality.
Joao Pedro Nunes; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; María Luz Rodríguez-Blanco; Anne-Karine Boulet; Juliana Marisa Santos; Jan Jacob Keizer. Impacts of wildfire and post-fire land management on hydrological and sediment processes in a humid Mediterranean headwater catchment. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJoao Pedro Nunes, Léonard Bernard-Jannin, María Luz Rodríguez-Blanco, Anne-Karine Boulet, Juliana Marisa Santos, Jan Jacob Keizer. Impacts of wildfire and post-fire land management on hydrological and sediment processes in a humid Mediterranean headwater catchment. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoao Pedro Nunes; Léonard Bernard-Jannin; María Luz Rodríguez-Blanco; Anne-Karine Boulet; Juliana Marisa Santos; Jan Jacob Keizer. 2021. "Impacts of wildfire and post-fire land management on hydrological and sediment processes in a humid Mediterranean headwater catchment." , no. : 1.
Conservation of agriculture soils is a topic of major concern, namely through the increase of soil organic matter. SoilCare project (https://www.soilcare-project.eu/) aims to enhance the quality of agricultural soils in Europe, through the implementation and testing of Soil Improving Cropping Systems in 16 study sites. In Portugal, the application of urban sewage sludge amendments in agriculture soils has been investigated. However, this application is a sensitive topic, due to the risk of long term accumulation of heavy metals and consequent contamination of the soil. The recent Portuguese legislation (Decret-Law 103/2015) is more restrictive than the precedent one (Decret-Law 276/2009) in terms of maximum concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soils. The analytical quantification of heavy metals, however, raises some methodological questions associated with soil sample pre-treatment, due to some imprecisions in standard analytical methods. For example, the ISO 11466 regarding the extraction in Aqua Regia provides two pre-treatment options: (i) sieve the soil sample with a 2 mm mesh (but if mass for analyses is <2g, mill and sieve the sample <250µm is required), or (ii) mill and sieve the soil sample through a 150µm mesh. On the other hand, the EN 13650 requests soil samples to be sieved at 500µm. Since heavy metals in the soil are usually associated with finer particles, the mesh size used during the pre-treatment of soil samples may affect their quantification.
This study aims to assess the impact of soil particle size on total heavy metal concentrations in the soil. Soil samples were collected at 0-30cm depth in an agricultural field with sandy loam texture, fertilized with urban sludge amendment for 3 years. These samples were then divided in four subsamples and sieved with 2mm, 500µm, 250µm and 106µm meshes (soil aggregates were broken softly but soil wasn’t milled). Finer and coarser fractions were weighted and analyzed separately. Heavy metals were extracted with Aqua Regia method, using a mass for analyze of 3g, and quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometer with graphite furnace (Cd) and flame (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr).
Except for Cu, heavy metals concentrations increase linearly with the decline of the coarser fraction. This means that analyzing heavy metals content only in the finest fractions of the soil leads to an over estimation of their concentrations in the total soil. Results also show that coarser fractions of soil comprise lower, but not negligible, concentrations of heavy metals. Calculating heavy metal concentrations in the soil based on the weighted average of both fine and coarse fractions and associated concentrations, provide similar results to those driven by the analyses of heavy metals in the <2mm fraction. This indicates that milling and analyzing finer fractions of the soil did not influence the quantification of heavy metals in total soil. Clearer indications on analytical procedures should be provided in analytical standards, in order to properly assess heavy metal concentrations and compare the results with soil quality standards legislated.
Anne Karine Boulet; Adelcia Veiga; Carla Ferreira; António Ferreira. Quantification of heavy metals in agricultural soils: the influence of sieving in standard analytical methods. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAnne Karine Boulet, Adelcia Veiga, Carla Ferreira, António Ferreira. Quantification of heavy metals in agricultural soils: the influence of sieving in standard analytical methods. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Karine Boulet; Adelcia Veiga; Carla Ferreira; António Ferreira. 2020. "Quantification of heavy metals in agricultural soils: the influence of sieving in standard analytical methods." , no. : 1.
Vines are one of the most ancient crops, with great relevance worldwide but especially in wine-growing areas in Southern Europe. In the Bairrada wine region of north-central Portugal, vineyards have long been managed intensively, with frequent tillage and application of fertilizers and phytochemical products. During the last decade, however, these conventional practices are increasingly becoming substituted by more sustainable management practices, in particular integrated production (IP) and, to a lesser degree, no-tillage (NT) and biodynamic (BD). This study investigated differences in soil quality of 4 vineyards managed with each of these practices for at least 6 years. Twelve topsoil (0-15 cm) samples were collected in vineyard rows and inter-rows, during one sampling campaign, and analyzed for selected physical and chemical properties. These physical properties were texture, bulk density and penetration resistance, while the chemical properties included pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, nutrients, cations, and metals. Nearby forest soils were also sampled as a reference, since this was the prior land-use in the study sites. The obtained results demonstrated that conventional practices were associated with diminished soil quality, as indicated by lower contents of organic matter and nutrients, such as total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and exchangeable cations, as well as by a higher concentration of Cu and, in some samples, of Ni and Pb. Cu concentrations were also relatively high under NT, so that overall soil quality, particularly associated with fertility, was best under IP.
Carla Ss Ferreira; Adelcia Veiga; Ana Caetano; Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo; Anne Karine-Boulet; Nelson Abrantes; Jan Jacob Keizer; António Jd Ferreira. Assessment of the Impact of Distinct Vineyard Management Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties. Air, Soil and Water Research 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleCarla Ss Ferreira, Adelcia Veiga, Ana Caetano, Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo, Anne Karine-Boulet, Nelson Abrantes, Jan Jacob Keizer, António Jd Ferreira. Assessment of the Impact of Distinct Vineyard Management Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties. Air, Soil and Water Research. 2020; 13 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Ss Ferreira; Adelcia Veiga; Ana Caetano; Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo; Anne Karine-Boulet; Nelson Abrantes; Jan Jacob Keizer; António Jd Ferreira. 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of Distinct Vineyard Management Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties." Air, Soil and Water Research 13, no. : 1.
Currently the productivity of some European cropping systems is maintained artificially by increasing production factors like mineral fertilizers or pesticides in order to mask the loss of productivity resulting from soil quality degradation. Green manures are known as a good alternative to the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. They are an important source of nitrogen and reduce significantly weed invasion. Nevertheless, the literature providing a precise quantification of total nutrients available for plants after incorporation of leguminous species cultivated in Portugal is scarce. This lake of knowledge’s makes farmers worried about hypothetic productivity loss, making them to use excessive complementary amounts of mineral fertilizer. Providing farmers with tools to calculated accurately the reduction of mineral fertilizer will increase their gain and avoid environmental pollution by nutrients lixiviation. Under the scope the international H2020 SoilCare project, a study was conducted during the winter and spring of 2018–2019 at Baixo Mondego valley in Central Portugal, where the main land use is the monoculture of irrigated corn. The nutrient uptake was determined for 5 species of legumes: pre-inoculated Pea (Pisum sativum L.); Yellow Lupin (Lupinus luteus), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense); Balansa Clover (Trifolium michelianum); Arrowleaf Clover (Trifolium vesiculosum) and a control (natural vegetation). For each treatment, we determined total dry matter yield for leguminous and weeds, macronutrients uptake (N and P Total, K, Na, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients uptake (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). Combining soil analyses, theoretical main crop needs in nutrients (short cycle grain maize) and mineralization rates, we calculated the precise amendment needed to obtain the expected yield of maize in what concerns the macronutrient. The production of total dry matter (leguminous and weeds) was very similar for the 5 treatments e.g., about 7 ton/ha. Nevertheless, considering leguminous production, the higher dry matter yields was obtain for the Arrowleaf Clover and the lower for the Red Clover respectively 5.5 and 3.5 ton/ha. The Macronutrient content (N,P,K) of the leguminous ranged between 22.9 and 28.0 g/kg for N, 2.4 and 3.1 g/kg for P and 12.1 and 31.5 g/kg for K. The Yellow Lupin presented the higher values of N, the clovers the higher values of P and K. The total quantity of macronutrients incorporated in the soil was in average 152 kg/ha for N, 20 kg/ha for P and 170 kg/ha for K with the higher quantities for Arrowleaf Clover. We considered a mineralization coefficient of 0.5 for N and 0.6 for P during the first year and a nutrient extraction of 280 kg/ha of N, 50 kg/ha of P and 245 kg/ha of K, for a production yield of 12 t/ha of corn grain. After correction of plant needs following the soil analyses results, we determinate an optimized fertilization rate of 180-40-0, were the green manure supplies about 35%, 25% and 100% of the NPK extraction of the grain maize.
Anne-Karine Boulet; Carlos Alarcão; António Ferreira; Rudi Hessel. Conciliating Traditional Green Manure Technique and Modern Precision Agriculture. Proceedings 2019, 30, 70 .
AMA StyleAnne-Karine Boulet, Carlos Alarcão, António Ferreira, Rudi Hessel. Conciliating Traditional Green Manure Technique and Modern Precision Agriculture. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne-Karine Boulet; Carlos Alarcão; António Ferreira; Rudi Hessel. 2019. "Conciliating Traditional Green Manure Technique and Modern Precision Agriculture." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 70.
Intensification of agriculture worldwide has led to a growing awareness on their environmental impacts, namely on soil quality and long term impact on crop productivity. As a consequence, there is an increasing concern regarding best agricultural management practices and their impact on physical, chemical and biological soil properties. In the Centre region of Portugal, maize is one of the most important arable crops and represents more than 32% of the cultivated area. Maize fields have been intensively managed under conventional practices, but increasing land degradation is leading farmers to adopt improved management practices, such as the application of composted sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants. This study aims to assess the long term impact of composted sludge application as soil amendment in maize cropping fields. The study was performed in Baixo Mondego, in central region of Portugal, largely devoted to agriculture and where maize is one of the most relevant crops. The study was performed in two study sites with similar soil and weather characteristics - one managed under conventional practices, with intensive application of fertilizers, and another field where a significant part of mineral fertilizers is replaced by composted sludge. Both sites use these agricultural management practices for more than 5 years. In 2018, two soil sampling campaigns were performed to assess the physical (texture and bulk density) and chemical soil properties (organic matter content, total nitrogen, total and extractable phosphorus, exchangeable cation (K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni)). Results show that composted sludge improves soil organic matter content (1.2% vs. 2.2%), total (2747 mg kg-1 vs. 1134 mg kg-1) and available phosphorous (821.85 mg kg-1 vs. 98.44 mg kg-1) comparing with conventional management practices. Higher contents of heavy metals, specifically Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr, were found in the field with sludge application than in the conventional one, which may represent a long term risk for soil contamination. Information regarding the long term impacts of best management practices on soil quality is relevant and should guide farmers and policy makers to attain agricultural sustainability.
Adelcia Veiga; Carla Ferreira; Luís Pinto; Anne-Karine Boulet; Eunice Louro; Rosinda L. Pato; António Ferreira. Long Term Impact of Sludge Application in Maize Farm. Proceedings 2019, 30, 74 .
AMA StyleAdelcia Veiga, Carla Ferreira, Luís Pinto, Anne-Karine Boulet, Eunice Louro, Rosinda L. Pato, António Ferreira. Long Term Impact of Sludge Application in Maize Farm. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdelcia Veiga; Carla Ferreira; Luís Pinto; Anne-Karine Boulet; Eunice Louro; Rosinda L. Pato; António Ferreira. 2019. "Long Term Impact of Sludge Application in Maize Farm." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 74.
The north-central region of Portugal has undergone significant land cover change since the early 1900s, with large-scale replacement of natural vegetation types with plantation forests. This transition consisted of an initial conversion primarily to Pinus pinaster, followed by a secondary transition to Eucalyptus globulus. This land cover change is likely to have altered the hydrologic functioning of this region; however, these potential impacts are not fully understood. To contribute to a better understanding of the potential hydrologic impacts of this land cover change, this study examines the temporal trends in 75 years of data from the Águeda watershed (part of the Vouga Basin) over the period of 1936–2010. A number of hydrometeorological variables were analyzed using a combined Thiel–Sen/Mann–Kendall trend-testing approach, to assess the magnitude and significance of patterns in the observed data. These trend tests indicated that there have been no significant reductions in streamflow over either the entire test period, or during sub-record periods, despite the large-scale afforestation which has occurred. This lack of change in streamflow is attributed to the specific characteristics of the watershed and land cover change. By contrast, a number of significant trends were found for baseflow index, with positive trends in the early data record (primarily during Pinus pinaster afforestation), followed by negative trends later in the data record (primarily during Eucalyptus globulus afforestation). These trends are attributed to land use and vegetation impacts on streamflow generating processes, both due to species differences and to alterations in soil properties (i.e., infiltration capacity, soil water repellency). These results highlight the importance of considering both vegetation types/dynamics and watershed characteristic when assessing hydrologic impacts, in particular with respect to soil properties.
Daniel Hawtree; J. P. Nunes; J. J. Keizer; R. Jacinto; J F Santos; Maria Ermitas Rial-Rivas; Anne Karine Boulet; F. Tavares-Wahren; Karl-Heinz Feger. Time series analysis of the long-term hydrologic impacts of afforestation in the Águeda watershed of north-central Portugal. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2015, 19, 3033 -3045.
AMA StyleDaniel Hawtree, J. P. Nunes, J. J. Keizer, R. Jacinto, J F Santos, Maria Ermitas Rial-Rivas, Anne Karine Boulet, F. Tavares-Wahren, Karl-Heinz Feger. Time series analysis of the long-term hydrologic impacts of afforestation in the Águeda watershed of north-central Portugal. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2015; 19 (7):3033-3045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Hawtree; J. P. Nunes; J. J. Keizer; R. Jacinto; J F Santos; Maria Ermitas Rial-Rivas; Anne Karine Boulet; F. Tavares-Wahren; Karl-Heinz Feger. 2015. "Time series analysis of the long-term hydrologic impacts of afforestation in the Águeda watershed of north-central Portugal." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 7: 3033-3045.
In the Baixo Vouga region of north-central Portugal, forests occupy half of the territory, of which two thirds are Eucalypts plantations. The hydrological implications of this large-scale introduction of eucalypt are unknown and the aim of this exploratory study, realized in the Caramulo Mountains, was to describe overland flow (OLF), subsurface flow (SSF) and stream flow (Q) in a catchment dominated by Eucalyptus plantations. The main conclusions are that annual OLF rate is low, spatially heterogeneous between 0.1% and 6% and concentrated during the wet season as saturation excess, particularly as return flow. Infiltration-excess OLF due to the strong soil water repellence (SWR) is dominant during dry season, but produces residual runoff amount. SSF is the principal mechanism of runoff formation. It originates from matrix flow and pipe flow at the soil-bedrock interface, principally during the wet season. Matrix flow is correlated with soil moisture (SM) content, with a threshold of 25 %. Pipe flow starts with saturation of soil bottom but without saturation of the entire soil profile, due to a large network of macropores. Stream flow response is highly correlated with matrix flow behaviour in timing and intensity. SWR induces a very patchy moistening of the soil, concentrates the fluxes and accelerates them almost 100 times greater than normal percolation of the water in the matrix.
Anne Karine Boulet; Sergio A. Prats; Maruxa Malvar; Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo; Celeste O.A. Coelho; Antonio Ferreira; Jan Jacob Keizer. Surface and subsurface flow in eucalyptus plantations in north-central Portugal. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 2015, 63, 193 -200.
AMA StyleAnne Karine Boulet, Sergio A. Prats, Maruxa Malvar, Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo, Celeste O.A. Coelho, Antonio Ferreira, Jan Jacob Keizer. Surface and subsurface flow in eucalyptus plantations in north-central Portugal. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics. 2015; 63 (3):193-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnne Karine Boulet; Sergio A. Prats; Maruxa Malvar; Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo; Celeste O.A. Coelho; Antonio Ferreira; Jan Jacob Keizer. 2015. "Surface and subsurface flow in eucalyptus plantations in north-central Portugal." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63, no. 3: 193-200.
Forest fires produce a major impact on soil, water and vegetation. Despite the amount of research published on this subject, there are two major problems that hamper the fully understanding of on and off-site impacts of forest fires. They include methodological problems steaming from the uniqueness of burned soil properties, easily erodible, by the fast degradation they undergo over a short period of time immediately after fire and by the meaning of the impacts at different scales. Monitoring attempts to understand processes in burned areas are hindered by limitations of measuring techniques, that prevent the correct quantification of erosion yields and the processes that give rise to peak flows. A further limitation arises from the poor knowledge on how properties and processes at one scale influence degradation processes at larger scales, both on and off site. This paper presents a reflection about the limitations of some of the methods and techniques more frequently used to assess erosion yields and hydrological responses following fires, and their significance at different scales of analysis. It also shows the potential of nested approaches in the acquisition of an improved insight in to the problem and in the identification of the relevant processes at each scale and how they influence degradation processes at larger areas. It is shown that soil and land use patterns, play a crucial role in reducing or enhancing the hydrological and sediment yield and transport processes between scales.
A.J.D. Ferreira; C.O.A. Coelho; C.J. Ritsema; Anne Karine Boulet; J.J. Keizer. Soil and water degradation processes in burned areas: Lessons learned from a nested approach. CATENA 2008, 74, 273 -285.
AMA StyleA.J.D. Ferreira, C.O.A. Coelho, C.J. Ritsema, Anne Karine Boulet, J.J. Keizer. Soil and water degradation processes in burned areas: Lessons learned from a nested approach. CATENA. 2008; 74 (3):273-285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.J.D. Ferreira; C.O.A. Coelho; C.J. Ritsema; Anne Karine Boulet; J.J. Keizer. 2008. "Soil and water degradation processes in burned areas: Lessons learned from a nested approach." CATENA 74, no. 3: 273-285.
In addition to the incineration of vegetation and litter layer, fires are also responsible for the formation of a water repellent layer with significantly different severity and spatial distribution patterns following different burning intensities. Those spatial distribution patterns have an enormous influence on soil wetting patterns, and on hydrological processes at different scales. This study attempts to understand the role of water repellence severity and spatial distribution patterns on soil, slope, and catchment water processes, and on the transmission of hydrological processes between different scales. The comparison between microplot (0.24 m2), plot (16 m2), and catchment (
A. J. D. Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; Anne Karine Boulet; G. Leighton-Boyce; Jan Jacob Keizer; C. J. Ritsema. Influence of burning intensity on water repellency and hydrological processes at forest and shrub sites in Portugal. Soil Research 2005, 43, 327 -336.
AMA StyleA. J. D. Ferreira, C. O. A. Coelho, Anne Karine Boulet, G. Leighton-Boyce, Jan Jacob Keizer, C. J. Ritsema. Influence of burning intensity on water repellency and hydrological processes at forest and shrub sites in Portugal. Soil Research. 2005; 43 (3):327-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. J. D. Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; Anne Karine Boulet; G. Leighton-Boyce; Jan Jacob Keizer; C. J. Ritsema. 2005. "Influence of burning intensity on water repellency and hydrological processes at forest and shrub sites in Portugal." Soil Research 43, no. 3: 327-336.
This paper investigates water repellency and soil moisture under 4 different Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal. On 8 occasions over a 16-month period, measurements were made at 3 depths (surface, 0.10 and 0.20 m) at 60 points on four 10 by 18 m grids. The main results are: (i) at all sites and depths, spatial frequency of repellency (defined as percentage of repellent grid points) followed a moisture-related seasonal cycle, its amplitude being greatest for the longest established site, where surface repellency was contiguous in dry late-summer conditions, but was entirely absent after wet winter conditions; (ii) at a few points at 2 sites, repellency persisted during winter; (iii) repellency severity was dichotomously distributed regardless of season (i.e. soils were generally either wettable or highly repellent); and (iv) at the longest established site, when soil moisture was 27% soils were wettable. This may either support the existence of a ‘transition zone’, or be an artefact of the different scales of repellency and soil moisture assessments. Reasons for the observed changes in repellency and their relationship with soil moisture and antecedent rainfall are explored and soil hydrological implications discussed.
Gemma Leighton-Boyce; Stefan H. Doerr; Richard A. Shakesby; Rory P. D. Walsh; Antonio Ferreira; Anne Karine Boulet; Celeste O. A. Coelho. Temporal dynamics of water repellency and soil moisture in eucalypt plantations, Portugal. Soil Research 2005, 43, 269 -280.
AMA StyleGemma Leighton-Boyce, Stefan H. Doerr, Richard A. Shakesby, Rory P. D. Walsh, Antonio Ferreira, Anne Karine Boulet, Celeste O. A. Coelho. Temporal dynamics of water repellency and soil moisture in eucalypt plantations, Portugal. Soil Research. 2005; 43 (3):269-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGemma Leighton-Boyce; Stefan H. Doerr; Richard A. Shakesby; Rory P. D. Walsh; Antonio Ferreira; Anne Karine Boulet; Celeste O. A. Coelho. 2005. "Temporal dynamics of water repellency and soil moisture in eucalypt plantations, Portugal." Soil Research 43, no. 3: 269-280.
Forest areas of the Mediterranean regions of Portugal, Morocco, and Tunisia are suffering major land use changes, with the replacement of traditional evergreen Quercus species (i.e. Quercus suber and Quercus ilex) by fast-growing Eucalyptus species. Since Eucalyptus species are amongst those with a higher impact on soil water repellency, this study examined the effect of the replacement on soil properties, water repellency, and on soil hydrological processes and erosion rates. Measurements were performed in areas that correspond to the climatic distribution of evergreen Quercus suber: at Mação and Portel in Portugal; Ben Slimane in Morocco; and Cap Bon, Sousse, and Ain Snoussi in Tunisia. Soil superficial characteristics, including vegetation and litter cover, organic matter content, soil compaction and shear strength, and water repellency were measured for evergreen oak and Eucalyptus stands and related to soil erosion rates and soil hydrological processes. The data are based on the spatial distribution of properties assessed through the use of intensive spatial sampling and on rainfall simulations to address soil hydrological and erosional processes. The results show very different wetting patterns for some of the Eucalyptus stands during dry and moist periods, as a result of strong hydrophobic characteristics following dry spells. Nevertheless, the Eucalyptus stands in semi-arid climate show no sign of water repellency, which contradicts the theory that water repellency is purely a result of dry conditions. The experiments show no significant increases on overland flow amounts and erosion rates as direct result of soil water repellence (hydrophobicity) characteristics.
C. O. A. Coelho; A. Laouina; K. Regaya; A. J. D. Ferreira; T. M. M. Carvalho; M. Chaker; R. Naafa; R. Naciri; A. K. Boulet; Jan Jacob Keizer. The impact of soil water repellency on soil hydrological and erosional processes under Eucalyptus and evergreen Quercus forests in the Western Mediterranean. Soil Research 2005, 43, 309 -318.
AMA StyleC. O. A. Coelho, A. Laouina, K. Regaya, A. J. D. Ferreira, T. M. M. Carvalho, M. Chaker, R. Naafa, R. Naciri, A. K. Boulet, Jan Jacob Keizer. The impact of soil water repellency on soil hydrological and erosional processes under Eucalyptus and evergreen Quercus forests in the Western Mediterranean. Soil Research. 2005; 43 (3):309-318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. O. A. Coelho; A. Laouina; K. Regaya; A. J. D. Ferreira; T. M. M. Carvalho; M. Chaker; R. Naafa; R. Naciri; A. K. Boulet; Jan Jacob Keizer. 2005. "The impact of soil water repellency on soil hydrological and erosional processes under Eucalyptus and evergreen Quercus forests in the Western Mediterranean." Soil Research 43, no. 3: 309-318.
The present paper studies the hydrological implications of forest fire and the associated export of nutrients as solutes at the micro-plot, plot and catchment scales immediately after fire. The use of three different spatial scales provides improved insights into the mechanisms that drive hydrological and solute movement processes as they change with time following forest fire. Rainfall simulations were performed for 1 h, right after forest fires. Plots were monitored during and after rainfall events, and catchments were instrumented continuously with water level recorders. Samples were collected weekly to determine some of the main nutrients present over a period of 14 months. At all scales, the main hydrological processes were assessed and samples collected for chemical analysis. Measurements were made at burned Pinus pinaster locations in the central region of Portugal. These are ordinarily placed in poor, shallow Humic Cambisol soils located in steep slopes. The results show that there was a rapid and widespread export of nutrients during the first 4 months following the wildfire. The amount of nutrients lost decreased gradually over those 4 months in response to the exhaustion of the ash source. After this period, nutrient peak losses occurred only in response to extreme rainfall events.
A. J. D. Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; A. K. Boulet; F. P. Lopes. Temporal patterns of solute loss following wildfires in Central Portugal. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2005, 14, 401 -412.
AMA StyleA. J. D. Ferreira, C. O. A. Coelho, A. K. Boulet, F. P. Lopes. Temporal patterns of solute loss following wildfires in Central Portugal. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2005; 14 (4):401-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. J. D. Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; A. K. Boulet; F. P. Lopes. 2005. "Temporal patterns of solute loss following wildfires in Central Portugal." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 4: 401-412.
Celeste De Oliveira Alves Coelho; António José Dinis Ferreira; Anne-Karine Boulet; Jan Jacob Keizer. Overland flow generation processes, erosion yields and solute loss following different intensity fires. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2004, 37, 233 -240.
AMA StyleCeleste De Oliveira Alves Coelho, António José Dinis Ferreira, Anne-Karine Boulet, Jan Jacob Keizer. Overland flow generation processes, erosion yields and solute loss following different intensity fires. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. 2004; 37 (3):233-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeleste De Oliveira Alves Coelho; António José Dinis Ferreira; Anne-Karine Boulet; Jan Jacob Keizer. 2004. "Overland flow generation processes, erosion yields and solute loss following different intensity fires." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 37, no. 3: 233-240.
The ongoing intensification of grazing as well as the replacement of traditional land management systems in the Maghreb has brought to the forefront the fundamental role of land-use in determining soil erosion hazard. This paper reports on erosion rates and soil hydrological characteristics of a variety of land uses in Morocco and Tunisia. The results were obtained through rainfall simulation experiments carried out in the field using a portable simulator, following the design of CERDÀ et al. (1997). Traditional land management systems - typically involving a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry - produced the least amounts of overland flow and the lowest soil erosion rates. Over-exploitation of these systems apparently has only minor hydrological and erosional impacts. Heavily grazed, degraded "maquis" shrublands, on the other hand, produced considerable amounts of overland flow. At the plot scale of the rainfall simulation experiments (0.24 m2), the corresponding sediment loads are rather insignificant. Nevertheless, slopes where "maquis" shrublands (which generally have very compacted soils) occur upslope from more erodible soils may present a major erosion hazard.
C. O.A. Coelho; A. J.D. Ferreira; A. Laouina; Anne Karine Boulet; M. Chaker; R. Nafaa; R. Naciri; K. Regaya; A. Hamza; T. M.M. Carvalho; Jan Jacob Keizer. Changes in land-use and their impact on erosion rates and overland flow generation in the Maghreb region. Revue des sciences de l’eau 2004, 17, 163 -180.
AMA StyleC. O.A. Coelho, A. J.D. Ferreira, A. Laouina, Anne Karine Boulet, M. Chaker, R. Nafaa, R. Naciri, K. Regaya, A. Hamza, T. M.M. Carvalho, Jan Jacob Keizer. Changes in land-use and their impact on erosion rates and overland flow generation in the Maghreb region. Revue des sciences de l’eau. 2004; 17 (2):163-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. O.A. Coelho; A. J.D. Ferreira; A. Laouina; Anne Karine Boulet; M. Chaker; R. Nafaa; R. Naciri; K. Regaya; A. Hamza; T. M.M. Carvalho; Jan Jacob Keizer. 2004. "Changes in land-use and their impact on erosion rates and overland flow generation in the Maghreb region." Revue des sciences de l’eau 17, no. 2: 163-180.
A. Ceballos; Antonio Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; Anne Karine Boulet. Análisis de la repelencia al agua en una pequeña cuenca hidrográfica afectada por fuego controlado en el área montañosa central de Portugal. Pirineos 1999, 153-154, 123 -143.
AMA StyleA. Ceballos, Antonio Ferreira, C. O. A. Coelho, Anne Karine Boulet. Análisis de la repelencia al agua en una pequeña cuenca hidrográfica afectada por fuego controlado en el área montañosa central de Portugal. Pirineos. 1999; 153-154 ():123-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Ceballos; Antonio Ferreira; C. O. A. Coelho; Anne Karine Boulet. 1999. "Análisis de la repelencia al agua en una pequeña cuenca hidrográfica afectada por fuego controlado en el área montañosa central de Portugal." Pirineos 153-154, no. : 123-143.