(1) Background: Shaping leadership skills is a complex process, which may be modified by psychological factors such as self-efficacy and perfectionism. The aim of the study was to determine whether perfectionism can be a mediator between self-efficacy, and authentic leadership skills in nursing students; (2) Methods: The cross-sectional study included 615 Polish nursing students (women = 96.3%) was carried out at Medical University of Warsaw in 2019. The following research tools were used: Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES); (3) Results: The level of perfectionism is a significant mediator of relations between self-efficacy as measured by the GSES and the level of authentic leadership (Sobel test: t = 6.958; p < 0.000). The relation, without a mediating factor, is positive, and the standardized beta coefficient for the feeling of self-efficacy totals beta = 0.470 (p < 0.000), while in the presence of a mediator the strength of the correlation is smaller and amounts to beta = 0.366 (p < 0.000); (4) Conclusions: Personality factors such as self-efficacy and perfectionism play an important role in shaping AL skills of nursing students. Therefore, academic teachers should pay special attention to strengthening students’ self-efficacy and adaptive perfectionism. In this context, adequate feedback and reflection may be important.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many changes in the functioning of people all over the world in a short period of time. According to a WHO report (2020), it is women who are at a particular risk of the negative effects of the pandemic, especially in terms of mental health. Aim of study: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, irritability, and loneliness among adult women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a representative sample of women in Poland (n = 452). The data were collected using the HADS-M scale and the R-UCLA scale. Results: A low level of loneliness was found in 37.3% of the women, moderate in 38.9%, moderately high in 22.3% and very high in 1.3% of women. Self-rating of physical and mental health was significantly positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and irritability in HADS-M, and loneliness in R-UCLA. As the severity of loneliness increased, so did Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores on all subscales (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study group presented with mental well-being disorders in the form of anxiety and depression. Two in three women experienced loneliness.

Introduction: A sharp rise in the population of elderly people, who are more prone to somatic and mental diseases, combined with the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications in this age group, have an impact on the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Aim of the work: The work of the study was the evaluation of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly population diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The pilot study was conducted in 2019 among 200 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 65 years and above, receiving treatment in a specialist diabetes outpatient clinic. The study was based on a questionnaire aimed at collecting basic sociodemographic and clinical data and the complete geriatric depression scale (GDS, by Yesavage) consisting of 30 questions. Results: The study involved 200 patients receiving treatment in a diabetes outpatient clinic. The mean age of the study subjects was 71.4 ± 5.0 years. The vast majority of the subjects (122; 61%) were women, with men accounting for 39% of the study population (78 subjects). A statistically significant difference in the GDS (p < 0.01) was shown for marital status, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, and the number of comorbidities. Patients with results indicative of symptoms of mild and severe depression were found to have higher BMI, longer disease duration, and a greater number of comorbidities. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of HbA1c. Conclusions: In order to verify the presence of depressive symptoms in the group of geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus, an appropriate screening programme must be introduced to identify those at risk and refer them to specialists, so that treatment can be promptly initiated. Screening tests conducted by nurses might help with patient identification.

Wprowadzenie: Rodzice, opiekując się dzieckiem chorym na cukrzycę, mogą doświadczać obciążenia zarówno na poziomie praktycznym, jak i emocjonalnym. Cel pracy: Analiza korelacji między poziomem obciążenia opieką a dostrzeganym wpływem cukrzycy typu 1 u dziecka na realizację funkcji rodziny. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 112 opiekunów dzieci chorych na cukrzycę. Uwzględniono następujące kryteria doboru do badania: pełna rodzina, bezpośredni opiekun dziecka, wiek dziecka 3–16 lat, czas trwania choroby co najmniej 6 miesięcy, brak chorób przewlekłych u rodzeństwa dziecka. Materiał badawczy zebrano za pomocą kwestionariusza wywiadu oraz Caregiver Burden Scale (CB Scale). Analizę zależności wykonywano za pomocą współczynnika korelacji Spearmana. Założono poziom istotności p = 0,05. Wyniki: Wyższy poziom obciążenia opiekuna w poszczególnych podskalach CB Scale wiązał się istotnie ze zmniejszeniem natężenia realizacji czynności funkcji kulturalno-towarzyskiej, funkcji konsumpcyjnej, wzrostem ilości czasu poświęcanego choremu dziecku oraz wzrostem nieporozumień między rodzicami. Całkowity poziom obciążenia różnicował realizację funkcji religijnej. Wzrostowi poziomu obciążenia w podskali wysiłek ogólny towarzyszyło mniejsze zainteresowanie seksem oraz rzadsze podejmowanie współżycia seksualnego. Stwierdzono zróżnicowanie realizacji funkcji kontrolno-socjalizacyjnej w związku z poczuciem obciążenia w podskali otoczenie. Wnioski: Poziom obciążenia opiekuna ma znaczenie dla dostrzeganego wpływu choroby dziecka na funkcjonowanie rodziny. Stymulowanie aktywności opiekuna w radzeniu sobie z problemami będącymi następstwem choroby, aktywizowanie i przygotowanie innych członków rodziny do udziału w opiece nad dzieckiem chorym oraz wsparcie finansowe może redukować obciążenie opiekuna i tym samym ułatwić funkcjonowanie rodziny.

Introduction. The decision on a course of study related to the profession of choice is a milestone in many people’s life. The choice of nursing is determined by various reasons and values which can influence both the involvement and satisfaction of students with their education and later, professional life. Aim. To learn the reasons and values behind choosing nursing education. Material and methods. The survey was performed in January 2019 on a group of 223 1^st grade nursing students at the Medical University of Warsaw. The survey used an original questionnaire and the standardized List of Personal Values (PVL) by Z. Jurczyński. Results. Within the group of participating students – 34.1% chose nursing as their first recruitment choice of studies. The majority justified their choice with the will to help others and the need to acquire higher education. The personal values declared by the students were mostly love, friendship and good health, physical and mental fitness. The meaning of ”good material conditions” as a token of personal happiness (p=0.005) was more often declared by students for whom nursing was not the first choice of education. Conclusions. Only a third of the respondents chose nursing education consciously. The most commonly declared reason behind the choice of nursing profession was the will to help other people. Students, who chose nursing as their one and only education less frequently declared the importance of good material conditions as a symbol of personal happiness.

Introduction: Measles still remains a serious global epidemiological challenge. The article discusses the problem of epidemiological threats associated with the increasing incidence of measles in Europe in recent years. An exceptionally high contagion index (95%) of measles is underlined in the...