Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Studies have shown that catalytic materials with O, N and other defects can effectively reduce the bond energy of NN triple bond when N₂ is adsorbed on the defects. As an outstanding non-metallic catalyst, g-C₃N₄ has been widely studied in the field of photocatalytic catalysis, and the nitrogen-defected C₃N₄ shows promoted photocatalytic activity. Herein, nano-size MOF-74 particles (<20 nm) was dispersed on nitrogen-defected C₃N₄ thin film (∼4 nm) via a simple sol–gel method. The combination of Nano-MOF and defected film C₃N₄ could effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of nitrogen fixation through Z-scheme mechanism compared with pure defected film C₃N₄.

High-intensity Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a recent, non-invasive line of treatment for medication-resistant tremor. We used MRgFUS to produce small lesions in the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM), an important node in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network, in 13 patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor. Significant tremor alleviation in the target hand ensued (t(12) = 7.21, p < 0.001, two-tailed), which was strongly associated with the functional reorganization of the brain’s hand region with the cerebellum (r = 0.91, p < 0.001, one-tailed). This reorganization potentially reflected a process of normalization, as there was a trend of increase in similarity between the hand cerebellar connectivity of the patients and that of a matched, healthy control group (n = 48) after treatment. Control regions in the ventral attention, dorsal attention, default, and frontoparietal networks, in comparison, exhibited no association with tremor alleviation and no normalization. More broadly, changes in functional connectivity were observed in regions belonging to the motor, limbic, visual, and dorsal attention networks, largely overlapping with regions connected to the lesion targets. Our results indicate that MRgFUS is a highly efficient treatment for tremor, and that lesioning the VIM may result in the reorganization of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network.

TiO₂ probably plays the most important role in photocatalysis due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the band gap of TiO₂ corresponds to the Ultraviolet (UV) region, which is inactive under visible irradiation. At present, TiO₂ has become activated in the visible light region by metal and nonmetal doping and the fabrication of composites. Recently, nano-TiO₂ has attracted much attention due to its characteristics of larger specific surface area and more exposed surface active sites. nano-TiO₂ has been obtained in many morphologies such as ultrathin nanosheets, nanotubes, and hollow nanospheres. This work focuses on the application of nano-TiO₂ in efficient environmental photocatalysis such as hydrogen production, dye degradation, CO₂ degradation, and nitrogen fixation, and discusses the methods to improve the activity of nano-TiO₂ in the future.