Background and Objectives: Computer office workers spend long periods in front of a computer, and neck and shoulder pain are common. Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with neck and shoulder pain. However, SD in computer office workers has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD, neck and shoulder pain, disability, and working hours in computer office workers. Materials and Methods: In total, 109 computer office workers participated in this study. The results of a scapular dyskinesis test (SDT), lateral scapular slide test (LSST), neck disability index (NDI), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the neck and shoulder, and working hours were recorded. Results: Ninety-eight computer office workers (89.9%) had SD. Computer office workers with SD had significantly higher NDI (p = 0.019), neck VAS (p = 0.041), and dominant shoulder VAS scores (p = 0.043). The LSST results showed a significantly greater distance (p = 0.016) in participants with SD. Conclusions: The prevalence of SD was very high in computer office workers, and neck and shoulder pain were more prevalent in workers with obvious SD.

Background and Objectives: Neck and shoulder injuries commonly occur during boxing, and scapular dyskinesis is related to those injuries. This study investigated scapular dyskinesis with neck disability and shoulder malfunction in elite boxers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two elite boxers participated in this study. Scapular dyskinesis was evaluated as normal, subtle, and obvious. Neck disability index (NDI), shoulder internal (IR), and external (ER) range of motion (ROM), isometric strength of IR and ER, and pectoralis minor length were measured and compared with the severity of scapular dyskinesis. Results: Thirty-eight boxers (52.7%) showed scapular dyskinesis. NDI score was significantly different (normal = 3.89 ± 3.08, obvious = 7.36 ± 4.95, p = 0.025). Isometric IR strength was significantly different (normal = 10.48 ± 2.86, obvious = 8.46 ± 1.74, p = 0.01). The length of the pectoralis minor was significantly different (normal = 10.17 ± 0.67, subtle = 9.87 ± 0.79, obvious = 9.47 ± 0.85; p = 0.001), and the dominant and non-dominant arm IR ROM was significantly different (dominant = 57.43 ± 11.98, non-dominant = 64.62 ± 10.3, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is high among elite boxers. Boxers with scapular dyskinesis presented shoulder malfunction as well as neck disability. Further investigation is necessary to examine the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and neck disability in boxers.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is increasing. Recently, the relevance of grip strength as a factor of metabolic syndrome in this population has raised questions. This study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to grip strength in children and adolescents using large-scale data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS). From 2014 to 2018, 1527 boys and 1292 girls participated in the KNHNS. The participants were classified into three groups according to age: 10–12 years (early teenager, ET), 13–15 years (middle teenager, MT), and 16–18 years (late teenager, LT). The participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they fulfilled three of the adolescent metabolic syndrome criteria. The grip strength was divided into groups with high and low grip strength, respectively, and the cutoff value for the prevalence was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. There were significant differences in waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels based on grip strength in the ET, MT, and LT groups. Therefore, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower when grip strength was higher. The cut-off values of the relative grip strength (kg/body weight) to predict metabolic syndrome among boys were 0.349, 0.466, and 0.485 for the ET, MT, and LT groups, respectively. The corresponding cut-off values for girls were 0.373, 0.383, and 0.382, respectively. In conclusion, there is a non-linear relationship between grip strength and metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

Background and Objectives: Neck and shoulder injuries are common in Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ) athletes, and scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with these injuries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SD in BJJ athletes, their neck and shoulder function and strength, and the BJJ training period. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight BJJ athletes participated in the study. Years of experience with BJJ, belt, shoulder internal and external rotation strength, neck strength, neck disability index (NDI), and SD were measured. Results: Approximately 31 BJJ athletes (64.6%) showed SD, and the nondominant arm showed a more obvious SD (n = 22, 45.8%) than the dominant arm (n = 18, 37.5%). Those with over five years of BJJ training experience showed a significantly higher rate of SD (p = 0.006) than those with less than five years of experience. Shoulder isometric internal rotation strength was significantly weaker in the obvious SD group than in the normal SD group (p = 0.014). Neck isometric strength and NDI did not differ significantly between individuals with or without SD. Conclusions: SD was common among BJJ athletes, and more experienced BJJ athletes exhibited higher rates of SD. Shoulder rotational strength was weaker with SD. Further studies are necessary on the neck and shoulders of BJJ athletes with SD.

Background and Objectives: Swimmers are repeatedly exposed to overhead shoulder movements, which overload the surrounding soft tissue and may contribute to shoulder pain. These repetitive demands have also been implicated in the development of scapular dyskinesis (SD). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of SD and to examine its associations with extrinsic and intrinsic factors in adult elite swimmers. Materials and Methods: Fifty competitive swimmers (mean age, 23.9 years; mean training experience, 13.6 years) participated in this study. SD was graded using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Extrinsic factors included dominant side, breathing side, years of experience, and primary stroke. Intrinsic factors included Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) distance, pectoralis minor length, glenohumeral internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), shoulder pain, and Penn Shoulder Score. Results: SD was identified in 46% of swimmers. Years of experience and primary stroke showed no significant association with SD; however, obvious SD was observed only in butterfly and freestyle specialists. Increasing SD severity was associated with shorter pectoralis minor length (p < 0.001) and reduced IR ROM (p = 0.013), particularly in the obvious group. Although SD was not related to shoulder pain, it was significantly related to lower Penn Shoulder Scores (p = 0.039). Conclusions: SD is common in adult elite swimmers and is associated with shortened pectoralis minor, reduced IR ROM, and impaired shoulder function, but not to pain.

Background: Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is prevalent among overhead athletes and may contribute to shoulder dysfunction. Internal rotation (IR) asymmetry and pectoralis minor shortening have been described as factors associated with SD in tennis players. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and distribution of scapular dyskinesis (SD) grades in male elite tennis players and to investigate their association with glenohumeral rotational range of motion and pectoralis minor length (PML). Study Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Forty-three elite male tennis players aged 14–24 years were recruited through posted advertisements at the university, and those who volunteered and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Scapular dyskinesis was assessed using a standardized visual observation method and classified as normal, subtle, or obvious. Bilateral passive shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and total rotational motion (TROM) were measured. PML (height-normalized pectoralis minor index [PMI]), and lateral scapular slide test (LSST) distances were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests, and paired t-tests were used for side-to-side comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: SD appeared in 70.9% of shoulders (dominant: 79.1%; non-dominant: 62.8%), with a significant difference in grade distribution between sides (p < 0.001). Higher SD grades were associated with reduced IR (dominant: F = 13.55, p < 0.001; non-dominant: F = 18.23, p < 0.001) and decreased TROM (dominant: F = 4.86, p = 0.013; non-dominant: F = 6.57, p = 0.003). The obvious SD group showed the lowest IR values in both shoulders, with significant differences compared to the normal and subtle groups, and demonstrated the shortest PML and shorter PML (dominant: F = 19.63; non-dominant: F = 19.43, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elite male tennis players commonly demonstrate SD, with higher dyskinesis grades associated with reduced IR, decreased TROM, and shorter PML. However, these findings reflect associations rather than causal relationships. The coexistence of SD and IR asymmetry should be considered during clinical assessment of overhead athletes. Level of Evidence: 3