In this paper, convective heat transfer of SiO2–water nanofluid flow in channels with different shapes is numerically and experimentally studied over Reynolds number ranges of 400–4000. Three different channels such as trapezoidal, sinusoidal and straight were fabricated and tested. The SiO2–water nanofluid with different volume fractions of 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% were prepared and examined. All physical properties of nanofluid which are required to evaluate the flow and thermal characteristics have been measured. In the numerical aspect of the current work, the governing equations are discretized by using the collocated finite volume method and solved iteratively by using the SIMPLE algorithm. In addition, the low Reynolds number k–ε model of Launder and Sharma is employed to compute the turbulent non-isothermal flow in the present study. The results showed that the average Nusselt number and the heat transfer enhancement increase as the nanoparticles volume fraction increases, however, at the expense of increasing pressure drop. Furthermore, the trapezoidal-corrugated channel has the highest heat transfer enhancement followed by the sinusoidal-corrugated channel and straight channel. The numerical results are compared with the corresponding experimental data, and the results are in a good agreement

In this study, the relation between macroscopic parameters (speed, flow, density, occupancy) and microscopic parameters (lateral clearance, average gap, space headway, lateral movement duration, overtaking time, overtaking distance, relative speed) is evaluated by considering vehicle-type-dependent factor using the trajectory data collected at a five-lane urban merge and non-merge sections in Malaysia. Traffic data extractor software is utilized to extract the flow, speed, and trajectory data of the vehicles at both the merge and non-merge sections of urban highway. Both SPSS software and MATLAB software were used to conduct statistical and numerical modeling of the extracted field data. The results show a significant variation in vehicle-type dependant driving behaviors at merge and non-merge section. These parameters are useful in the development of simulation models for the merging part on a multi-lane urban highway. The findings are also useful for estimating the potential collisions under mixed traffic conditions in road safety management.

Research in marine current energy, including tidal and ocean currents, has undergone significant growth in the past decade. The horizontal-axis marine current turbine is one of the machines used to harness marine current energy, which appears to be the most technologically and economically viable one at this stage. A number of large-scale marine current turbines rated at more than 1 MW have been deployed around the World. Parallel to the development of industry, academic research on horizontal-axis marine current turbines has also shown positive growth. This paper reviews previous research on horizontal-axis marine current turbines and provides a concise overview for future researchers who might be interested in horizontal-axis marine current turbines. The review covers several main aspects, such as: energy assessment, turbine design, wakes, generators, novel modifications and environmental impact. Future trends for research on horizontal-axis marine current turbines are also discussed.