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Rapid climate change has increased the incidence of various pests and diseases, and these threaten global food security. In particular, BLB (bacterial leaf blight) is caused by Xoo (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) and its main characteristic is that the rice suddenly dries and withers. Recently, omics have been effectively used in agriculture. In particular, it is a key technology that can accurately diagnose diseases in the field. Until now, QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping has been analyzed using only subjective phenotypic data by experts. However, in this study, diseases were accurately diagnosed using OCT (optical coherence tomography), and QTL mapping was performed using leaf thickness and leaf angles after Xoo inoculation. After Xoo inoculation of a 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid (CNDH) population, QTL mapping was performed using the changing leaf angle, and OsWRKY34q1 was detected in RM811-RM14323 of chromosome 1. OsWRKY34q1 always had a higher expression level in the BLB-resistant population than in the susceptible population after Xoo inoculation. OsWRKY34q1 belongs to the WRKY family of genes. OsWRKY34q1 could be effectively used to develop BLB-resistant rice varieties in response to the current era of unpredictable climate change.
Xiao-Xuan Du; Jae-Ryoung Park; Hyeree Kim; Sm Abu Saleah; Byoung-Ju Yun; Mansik Jeon; Kyung-Min Kim. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Microscopic Phenotypic Characteristic Data Obtained Using Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Infection in the Field. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1630 .
AMA StyleXiao-Xuan Du, Jae-Ryoung Park, Hyeree Kim, Sm Abu Saleah, Byoung-Ju Yun, Mansik Jeon, Kyung-Min Kim. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Microscopic Phenotypic Characteristic Data Obtained Using Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Infection in the Field. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao-Xuan Du; Jae-Ryoung Park; Hyeree Kim; Sm Abu Saleah; Byoung-Ju Yun; Mansik Jeon; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Microscopic Phenotypic Characteristic Data Obtained Using Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Infection in the Field." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1630.
The growing importance of rice globally over the past three decades is evident in its strategic place in many countries’ food security planning policies. Still, its cultivation emits substantial greenhouse gases (GHGs). The Indica and Japonica sub-species of Oryza sativa L. are mainly grown, with Indica holding the largest market share. The awareness, economics, and acceptability of Japonica rice in a food-insecure Indica rice-consuming population were surveyed. The impact of parboiling on Japonica rice was studied and the factors which most impacted stickiness were investigated through sensory and statistical analyses. A comparison of the growing climate and greenhouse gas emissions of Japonica and Indica rice was carried out by reviewing previous studies. Survey results indicated that non-adhesiveness and pleasant aroma were the most preferred properties. Parboiling treatment altered Japonica rice’s physical and chemical properties, introducing gelatinization of starch and reducing adhesiveness while retaining micronutrient concentrations. Regions with high food insecurity and high consumption of Indica rice were found to have suitable climatic conditions for growing Japonica rice. Adopting the higher-yielding, nutritious Japonica rice whose cultivation emits less GHG in these regions could help strengthen food security while reducing GHGs in global rice cultivation.
Daniel Dooyum Uyeh; Senorpe Asem-Hiablie; Tusan Park; Kyungmin Kim; Alexey Mikhaylov; Seungmin Woo; Yushin Ha. Could Japonica Rice Be an Alternative Variety for Increased Global Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation? Foods 2021, 10, 1869 .
AMA StyleDaniel Dooyum Uyeh, Senorpe Asem-Hiablie, Tusan Park, Kyungmin Kim, Alexey Mikhaylov, Seungmin Woo, Yushin Ha. Could Japonica Rice Be an Alternative Variety for Increased Global Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation? Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Dooyum Uyeh; Senorpe Asem-Hiablie; Tusan Park; Kyungmin Kim; Alexey Mikhaylov; Seungmin Woo; Yushin Ha. 2021. "Could Japonica Rice Be an Alternative Variety for Increased Global Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation?" Foods 10, no. 8: 1869.
Internode length and stem diameter are the primary traits affecting the lodging resistance of rice. Traits related to the length of the panicle (LP), uppermost internode (LUI), second internode (LSI), third internode (LTI), fourth internode (LFI), lowest internode (LLI) as well as stem diameter at the uppermost internode (SDUI), second internode (SDSI), third internode (SDTI), fourth internode (SDFI), and lowest internode (SDLI) in 120 Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid population were investigated using a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Thirty-four QTL regions affected LP and the length of each internode. Twenty-six QTL regions were associated with the stem diameter of each internode. RM12285-RM212 on chromosome 1 contained 10 QTLs related to the internode length, which have overlapped for over 2 years. Twenty-three candidate genes were screened using mark interval. Among the candidate genes, Os01g0803900, named OsCYPq1, which is in the Cytochrome P450 family, might be involved in gibberellins (GA) synthesis. GA is an essential plant growth regulator that affects plant height. OsCYPq1 catalyzes oxidation steps in the middle part of the GA pathway. OsCYPq1 is expected to provide valuable information to improve the marker assessment for target traits and QTL gene cloning in rice.
Dan-Dan Zhao; Ju-Hyeong Son; Muhammad Farooq; Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis. Plants 2021, 10, 1369 .
AMA StyleDan-Dan Zhao, Ju-Hyeong Son, Muhammad Farooq, Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan-Dan Zhao; Ju-Hyeong Son; Muhammad Farooq; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Identification of Candidate Gene for Internode Length in Rice to Enhance Resistance to Lodging Using QTL Analysis." Plants 10, no. 7: 1369.
Background The drought environment occurs frequently due to the unpredictable future climate change, and drought has a direct negative impact on crops, such as yield reduction. Drought events are random, frequent, and persistent. Molecular breeding can be used to create drought-tolerant food crops, but the safety of genetically modified (GM) plants must be demonstrated before they can be adopted. In this research, the environmental risk of drought-tolerant GM rice was explored by assessing phenotype and gene flow. Drought resistance genes CaMsrB2 inserted HV8 and HV23 were used as GM rice to analyze the possibility of various agricultural traits and gene flow along with non-GM rice. Results When the traits 1000-grain weight, grain length/width, and yield, were compared with GM rice and non-GM rice, all agricultural traits of GM rice and non-GM rice were the same. In addition, when the germination rate, viviparous germination rate, pulling strength, and bending strength were compared to analyze the possibility of weediness, all characteristic values of GM rice and non-GM rice were the same. Protein, amylose, and moisture, the major nutritional elements of rice, were also the same. Conclusions The results of this research are that GM rice and non-GM rice were the same in all major agricultural traits except for the newly assigned characteristics, and no gene mobility occurred. Therefore, GM rice can be used as a means to solve the food problem in response to the unpredictable era of climate change in the future.
Dong Won Jeon; Jae-Ryoung Park; Yoon-Hee Jang; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Taehun Ryu; Kyung-Min Kim. Safety verification of genetically modified rice morphology, hereditary nature, and quality. Environmental Sciences Europe 2021, 33, 1 -12.
AMA StyleDong Won Jeon, Jae-Ryoung Park, Yoon-Hee Jang, Eun-Gyeong Kim, Taehun Ryu, Kyung-Min Kim. Safety verification of genetically modified rice morphology, hereditary nature, and quality. Environmental Sciences Europe. 2021; 33 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong Won Jeon; Jae-Ryoung Park; Yoon-Hee Jang; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Taehun Ryu; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Safety verification of genetically modified rice morphology, hereditary nature, and quality." Environmental Sciences Europe 33, no. 1: 1-12.
Efficient accumulation of flavonoids is important for increased tolerance to biotic stress. Although several plant defense mechanisms are known, the roles of many pathways, proteins, and secondary metabolites in stress tolerance are unknown. We generated a flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) overexpressor rice line and inoculated Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae and compared the control and wildtype inoculated plants. In addition to promoting plant growth and developmental maintenance, the overexpression of F3H increased the accumulation of flavonoids and increased tolerance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) stress. Moreover, leaf lesion length was higher in the infected wildtype plants compared with infected transgenics. Kaempferol and quercetin, which scavenge reactive oxygen species, overaccumulated in transgenic lines compared with wildtypes in response to pathogenic infection, detected by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The induction of F3H altered the antioxidant system and reduced the levels of glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the transgenic lines compared with the wildtypes. Downstream gene regulation analysis showed that the expression of F3H increased the regulation of flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and slender rice mutant (SLR1) during BLB stress. The analysis of SA and JA signaling revealed an antagonistic interaction between both hormones and that F3H induction significantly promoted SA and inhibited JA accumulation in the transgenic lines. SA-dependent nonexpressor pathogenesis-related (NPR1) and Xa1 showed significant upregulation in the infected transgenic lines compared with the infected control and wildtype lines. Thus, the overexpression of F3H was essential for increasing BLB stress tolerance.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; Jae-Ryoung Park; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 6152 .
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, Jae-Ryoung Park, In-Jung Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):6152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; Jae-Ryoung Park; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 6152.
Background Recent temperature increases due to rapid climate change have negatively affected rice yield and grain quality. Particularly, high temperatures during right after the flowering stage reduce spikelet fertility, while interfering with sugar energy transport, and cause severe damage to grain quality by forming chalkiness grains. The effect of high-temperature on spikelet fertility and grain quality during grain filling stage was evaluated using a double haploid line derived from another culture of F1 by crossing Cheongcheong and Nagdong cultivars. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identifies candidate genes significantly associated with spikelet fertility and grain quality at high temperatures. Results Our analysis screened OsSFq3 that contributes to spikelet fertility and grain quality at high-temperature. OsSFq3 was fine-mapped in the region RM15749-RM15689 on chromosome 3, wherein four candidate genes related to the synthesis and decomposition of amylose, a starch component, were predicted. Four major candidate genes, including OsSFq3, and 10 different genes involved in the synthesis and decomposition of amylose and amylopectin, which are starch constituents, together with relative expression levels were analyzed. OsSFq3 was highly expressed during the initial stage of high-temperature treatment. It exhibited high homology with FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 in Gramineae plants and is therefore expected to function similarly. Conclusion The QTL, major candidate genes, and OsSFq3 identified herein could be effectively used in breeding rice varieties to improve grain quality, while tolerating high temperatures, to cope with climate changes. Furthermore, linked markers can aid in marker-assisted selection of high-quality and -yield rice varieties tolerant to high temperatures.
Jae-Ryoung Park; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Yoon-Hee Jang; Kyung-Min Kim. Screening and identification of genes affecting grain quality and spikelet fertility during high-temperature treatment in grain filling stage of rice. BMC Plant Biology 2021, 21, 1 -21.
AMA StyleJae-Ryoung Park, Eun-Gyeong Kim, Yoon-Hee Jang, Kyung-Min Kim. Screening and identification of genes affecting grain quality and spikelet fertility during high-temperature treatment in grain filling stage of rice. BMC Plant Biology. 2021; 21 (1):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJae-Ryoung Park; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Yoon-Hee Jang; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Screening and identification of genes affecting grain quality and spikelet fertility during high-temperature treatment in grain filling stage of rice." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1: 1-21.
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable natural products, secondary metabolites help protect plants against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Given their sessile nature, plants must protect themselves from such situations through accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Indeed, secondary metabolites act as herbivore deterrents, barriers against pathogen invasion, and mitigators of oxidative stress. The accumulation of SMs are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility, and salinity. For most plants, a change in an individual environmental factor can alter the content of secondary metabolites even if other factors remain constant. In this review, we focus on how individual environmental factors affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants during both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the application of abiotic and biotic elicitors in culture systems as well as their stimulating effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Specifically, we discuss the shikimate pathway and the aromatic amino acids produced in this pathway, which are the precursors of a range of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. We also detail how the biosynthesis of important metabolites is altered by several genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Genes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in various plant species during stress conditions are regulated by transcriptional factors such as WRKY, MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, bHLH, and NAC, which are also discussed here.
Rahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Numan; Lubna; Kyung-Min Kim. Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 968 .
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Numan, Lubna, Kyung-Min Kim. Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Numan; Lubna; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 968.
The world population is growing rapidly, and food shortage remains a critical issue. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a statistical analytical method that uses both phenotypic and genotypic data. The purpose of QTL mapping is to determine the exact gene location for various complex traits. Increasing grain weight is a way to increase yield in rice. Genes related to grain size were mapped using the Samgang/Nagdong double haploid (SNDH) populations. Grain sizes were diversely distributed in SNDH 113 populations, and OsBRKq1 was detected on chromosome 1 in an analysis of QTL mapping that used 1000 grain weight, grain length, and grain width. OsBRKq1 exhibited high sequence similarity with the brassinosteroid leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinases of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. It was also predicted to have a similar function because of its high homology. OsBRKq1 interacts with various grain-size control genes. Among the SNDH populations, the analysis of the relative expression level during the panicle formation stage of OsBRKq1 in panicles of SNDH117, which has the largest grain size, and SNDH6, which has the smallest grain size, the relative expression level was significantly increased in SNDH117 panicles. SNDH populations have been advancing generations for 10 years; various genetic traits have been fixed and are currently being used as bridging parents. Therefore, the stable expression level of OsBRKq1 was confirmed via QTL mapping. In the future, OsBRKq1 can be effectively used to increase the yield of rice and solve food problems by increasing the size of seeds.
Jae-Ryoung Park; Dany Resolus; Kyung-Min Kim. OsBRKq1, Related Grain Size Mapping, and Identification of Grain Shape Based on QTL Mapping in Rice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 2289 .
AMA StyleJae-Ryoung Park, Dany Resolus, Kyung-Min Kim. OsBRKq1, Related Grain Size Mapping, and Identification of Grain Shape Based on QTL Mapping in Rice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (5):2289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJae-Ryoung Park; Dany Resolus; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "OsBRKq1, Related Grain Size Mapping, and Identification of Grain Shape Based on QTL Mapping in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2289.
Lodging is the most common factor that affects crop productivity, reducing yield, grain quality, and harvesting efficiency of rice and other cereal crops. The Cheongcheong (Indica)/Nagdong (Japonica) doubled haploid (CNDH) genetic map was used to develop a lodging-resistant variety. The major agricultural traits of rice related to lodging resistance, such as the pushing strength of the lower stem before the heading date (PSLSB) at reproductive growth period and pushing strength of the lower stem after the heading date (PSLSA) at full ripe period were investigated. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of PSLSA and PSLSB detected on RM439-RM20318 on chromosome 6 has overlap in three consecutive years. RM439-RM20318 on chromosome 6 contained 15 lodging resistance candidate genes. Among the candidate genes, Os06g0623200, named OsPSLSq6, which is similar to Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, involved lignin biosynthesis in defense responses. Lignin is the main structural component of vascular plants’ secondary cell wall, which is not only related to plant growth and development but also to mechanical strength. OsPSLSq6 opens new possibilities to control lignin synthesis to improve lodging resistance. OsPSLSq6 can be used as a target gene for further studies to provide important information for the marker-assisted improvement of target traits and cloning genes underlying the QTL of interest.
Dan-Dan Zhao; Ju Son; Gang-Seob Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Screening for a Novel Gene, OsPSLSq6, Using QTL Analysis for Lodging Resistance in Rice. Agronomy 2021, 11, 334 .
AMA StyleDan-Dan Zhao, Ju Son, Gang-Seob Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Screening for a Novel Gene, OsPSLSq6, Using QTL Analysis for Lodging Resistance in Rice. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan-Dan Zhao; Ju Son; Gang-Seob Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Screening for a Novel Gene, OsPSLSq6, Using QTL Analysis for Lodging Resistance in Rice." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 334.
Worldwide, grain consumption is increased and grain prices are rising. This has led to a steady increase in the production of highly productive and more affordable genetically modified (GM) crops. However, GM crops are highly concerned about potential environmental risks due to the introduction of external genes and genetic modification. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the environmental risk of genetically modified organisms that can prove the safety of these GM crops. In this research, we analyzed the potential for weediness, unintended gene transfer, and viability in the natural environment for risk assessment of GM rice. To analyze the potential for weediness of GM rice, viviparous germination, shattering, and germination rate were measured. To analyze the potential release of the introduced gene into the environment by unintended gene transfer, the expression of the introduced gene through protein immune response and PCR was analyzed. The seed germination rate of GM rice was measured from low temperature and frozen soil to analyze their survival ability in the natural environment. There was no significant difference between GM rice and parent in all test items. Therefore, the weediness of GM rice did not occur. The items of the GMO risk assessment constructed in this research can be used as important basic material not only for rice but also for GM crops of various varieties.
So Young Lee; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Jae-Ryoung Park; Yoon-Hee Jang; Rahmatullah Jan; Taehun Ryu; Kyung-Min Kim. Construction of risk assessment manual for genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 2021, 24, 221 -228.
AMA StyleSo Young Lee, Eun-Gyeong Kim, Jae-Ryoung Park, Yoon-Hee Jang, Rahmatullah Jan, Taehun Ryu, Kyung-Min Kim. Construction of risk assessment manual for genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 2021; 24 (2):221-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSo Young Lee; Eun-Gyeong Kim; Jae-Ryoung Park; Yoon-Hee Jang; Rahmatullah Jan; Taehun Ryu; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Construction of risk assessment manual for genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 24, no. 2: 221-228.
Kaempferol and quercetin are the essential plant secondary metabolites that confer huge biological functions in the plant defense system. In this study, biosynthetic pathways for kaempferol and quercetin were constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using naringenin as a substrate. OsF3H was cloned into pRS42K yeast episomal plasmid (YEp) vector and the activity of the target gene was analyzed in engineered and empty strains. We confirmed a novel step of kaempferol and quercetin biosynthesis directly from naringenin, catalyzed by the rice flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H). The results were confirmed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) followed by western blotting, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LCMS-MS. TLC showed positive results when comparing both compounds extracted from the engineered strain with the standard reference. Western blotting confirmed the lack of OsF3H activity in empty strains and confirmed high OsF3H expression in engineered strains. NMR spectroscopy confirmed only quercetin, while LCMS-MS results revealed that F3H is responsible for the conversion of naringenin to both kaempferol and quercetin.
Rahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Sanjita Paudel; Lubna; Sangkyu Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Discovery and Validation of a Novel Step Catalyzed by OsF3H in the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway. Biology 2021, 10, 32 .
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Sajjad Asaf, Sanjita Paudel, Lubna, Sangkyu Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Discovery and Validation of a Novel Step Catalyzed by OsF3H in the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway. Biology. 2021; 10 (1):32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Sanjita Paudel; Lubna; Sangkyu Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Discovery and Validation of a Novel Step Catalyzed by OsF3H in the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway." Biology 10, no. 1: 32.
Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) is a pest that causes serious damage to rice in Asian countries with a mild climate. WBPH causes severely rice yield losses and grain poor quality each year so needs biological control. Plants resist biotic and abiotic stress using expressing variety genes, such as kinase, phytohormones, transcription factors, and especially secondary metabolites. In this research, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed by assigning the WBPH resistance score in the Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) line in 2018 and 2019. The RM280-RM6909 on chromosome 4 was detected as a duplicate in 2018, 2019, and derived from Cheongcheong. This region includes cell function, kinase, signaling, transcription factors, and secondary metabolites that protect plants from the stress of WBPH. The RM280-RM6909 on chromosome 4 contains candidate genes that are similar to the flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) of rice. The F3H are homologous genes, which play an important role in biosynthesis defending against biotic stress in plants. After WBPH inoculation, the relative expression level of F3H was higher in resistant line than in a susceptible line. The newly identified WBPH resistance gene F3H by QTL mapping can be used for the breeding of rice cultivars that are resistant against WBPH.
Eun-Gyeong Kim; Sopheap Yun; Jae-Ryoung Park; Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of F3H, Major Secondary Metabolite-Related Gene That Confers Resistance against Whitebacked Planthopper through QTL Mapping in Rice. Plants 2021, 10, 81 .
AMA StyleEun-Gyeong Kim, Sopheap Yun, Jae-Ryoung Park, Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of F3H, Major Secondary Metabolite-Related Gene That Confers Resistance against Whitebacked Planthopper through QTL Mapping in Rice. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Gyeong Kim; Sopheap Yun; Jae-Ryoung Park; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Identification of F3H, Major Secondary Metabolite-Related Gene That Confers Resistance against Whitebacked Planthopper through QTL Mapping in Rice." Plants 10, no. 1: 81.
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest that causes serious damage to rice in countries with mild climates, including Korea, Japan, China, and Vietnam. Although a large number of BPH-resistant genes have been reported, BPH has recently evolved rapidly and in a variable manner due to rapid climate change and an unpredictable environment. The synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants is essential, as it provides resistance to various stressors, including pests such as BPH. For QTL mapping, a Samgang/Nagdong double haploid (SNDH) 113 population was used. The BPH resistance gene was screening by measure the resistance score using the phenotype that appeared after BPH inoculation in the 113 SNDH population. QTL mapping was used, and SSR marker RM584-RM225 of chromosome 6 and SSR marker RM331-S8024 of chromosome 8 were commonly identified. These locations contained transcription factors, phytohormones, signaling molecules, kinases, and secondary metabolites that defend plants from stressors in the environment. This region of chromosome 8 also contained a sequence similar to that of rice Choristmate mutase (OsCM9). CM is a gene that is not only found in rice, but also in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). After inoculation with BPH, the relative expression levels of OsCM9 were greater in the line resistant to BPH than in the line susceptible to BPH. The newly identified BPH-resistant gene OsCM9 can be used for the development of rice varieties that are capable of resisting sudden damage due to BPH, as the evolution of BPH due to climate change has had negative impacts on rice crops.
Jae-Ryoung Park; Sopheap Yun; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung-Min Kim. Screening and Identification of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes OsCM9 in Rice. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1865 .
AMA StyleJae-Ryoung Park, Sopheap Yun, Rahmatullah Jan, Kyung-Min Kim. Screening and Identification of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes OsCM9 in Rice. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):1865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJae-Ryoung Park; Sopheap Yun; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Screening and Identification of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes OsCM9 in Rice." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 1865.
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), a vascular disease caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), induces a significant reduction in rice yield in severe epidemics. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation of the OsDHODH1 gene in rice cultivars exposed to the Xoo K3 isolate. The symptoms were monitored on a daily basis, and the lesion length of inoculated rice plants was scored 21 days post inoculation (dpi). The most resistant and the highly susceptible cultivars were used for gene expression analysis. The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) domain is shared by many proteins in different plant species, and in Arabidopsis, this protein is encoded by the AtPYD1 gene. To investigate the functional role of the OsDHODH1 gene under bacterial infection, we inoculated the Arabidopsispyd1-2 knockout (atpyd1-2) plants, lacking the AtPYD1 gene (orthologous gene of the rice OsDHODH1), with Pseudomonassyringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 vir, and the phenotypic response was scored 9 dpi. Results show that OsDHODH1 was upregulated in Tunnae, the most resistant rice cultivar but downregulated in IRAT112, the highly susceptible rice cultivar. In addition, Tunnae, Sipi and NERICA-L14 exhibited a durable resistance phenotype towards Xoo K3 isolate 21 dpi. Moreover, the expression of OsPR1a and OsPR10b (the rice pathogenesis inducible genes) was significantly upregulated in Tunnae, while being suppressed in IRAT112. Furthermore, the atpyd1-2 plants exhibited a high susceptibility towards Pst DC3000 vir. AtPR1 and AtPR2 (the Arabidopsis pathogenesis inducible genes) transcripts decreased in the atpyd1-2 plants compared to Col-0 (wild type) plants. Due to the above, OsDHODH1 and AtPYD1 are suggested to be involved in the basal adaptive response mechanisms towards bacterial pathogen resistance in plants.
Nkulu Rolly; Qari Imran; Hyun-Ho Kim; Nay Aye; Adil Hussain; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Agriculture 2020, 10, 573 .
AMA StyleNkulu Rolly, Qari Imran, Hyun-Ho Kim, Nay Aye, Adil Hussain, Kyung-Min Kim, Byung-Wook Yun. Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkulu Rolly; Qari Imran; Hyun-Ho Kim; Nay Aye; Adil Hussain; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. 2020. "Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 573.
Xanthomonas oryzae is a serious pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease in rice, markedly reducing its yield. In this study, the rice chorismate mutase (OsCM) gene was overexpressed in a bacterial leaf blight-susceptible rice line to investigate the functional role of OsCM in response to bacterial leaf blight stress. We reported that overexpression of OsCM altered the downstream pathway of aromatic amino acids, mitigating pathogen stress by altering stress-responsive genes and hormonal accumulation. Phenotypic evaluation showed that the lesion length in the transgenic line was significantly lesser than that in the wild-type, suggesting greater resistance in the transgenic line. Further analysis revealed that OsCM expression induced phenylalanine accumulation and suppressed tyrosine accumulation in response to bacterial leaf blight stress. Furthermore, bacterial leaf blight stress induced genes downstream of the phenylpropanoid pathway in conjunction with OsCM, suggesting that the phenylpropanoid pathway is dependent on OsCM gene expression. We reported high SA and low JA accumulation in response to bacterial leaf blight stress in the transgenic line. This higher SA accumulation suggested that SA induces immune responses by functioning as a promoter of nonexpresser pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) transcriptional regulation. Xa7 expression was induced with increase in nonexpresser pathogenesis-related genes 1, which is thought to be responsible for Xa7 expression, which is responsible for mitigating bacterial leaf blight stress.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Jong-Sup Bae; Kyung-Min Kim. Overexpression of OsCM alleviates BLB stress via phytohormonal accumulation and transcriptional modulation of defense-related genes in Oryza sativa. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -15.
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, In-Jung Lee, Jong-Sup Bae, Kyung-Min Kim. Overexpression of OsCM alleviates BLB stress via phytohormonal accumulation and transcriptional modulation of defense-related genes in Oryza sativa. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Jong-Sup Bae; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Overexpression of OsCM alleviates BLB stress via phytohormonal accumulation and transcriptional modulation of defense-related genes in Oryza sativa." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-15.
As environmental damage caused by chemical pesticides appears worldwide, eco-friendly agriculture is increasing, and finding eco-friendly pesticide materials has become very important. Chrysoeriol and cochlioquinone, two flavonoids, act as an antibacterial and antioxidant, and increase the resistance of rice to the white-backed planthopper (WBPH). In this experiment, chrysoeriol 7 (C7) and cochlioquinone 9 (C9) were extracted from rice inoculated with the WBPH using MeOH, and cultivars with high extraction efficiency were selected. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of C7 and C9 against various pathogens causing disease in rice was tested. The results show that C7 has antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum and Pythium graminicola, and C9 show antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium graminearum and Pythium graminicola. When both substances were treated at a concentration of 1000 ppm, they showed high inhibition rates of 62.3% and 36.2% against P.graminicola, respectively. After that, a phylogenetic tree was created to clarify the relationship between the microorganisms whose growth was inhibited and divided into three groups. This result can contribute to the study of biopesticide materials that can control pests and pathogens.
Yoon-Hee Jang; Jae-Ryoung Park; Kyung-Min Kim. Antimicrobial Activity of Chrysoeriol 7 and Chochlioquinone 9, White-Backed Planthopper-Resistant Compounds, Against Rice Pathogenic Strains. Biology 2020, 9, 382 .
AMA StyleYoon-Hee Jang, Jae-Ryoung Park, Kyung-Min Kim. Antimicrobial Activity of Chrysoeriol 7 and Chochlioquinone 9, White-Backed Planthopper-Resistant Compounds, Against Rice Pathogenic Strains. Biology. 2020; 9 (11):382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon-Hee Jang; Jae-Ryoung Park; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Antimicrobial Activity of Chrysoeriol 7 and Chochlioquinone 9, White-Backed Planthopper-Resistant Compounds, Against Rice Pathogenic Strains." Biology 9, no. 11: 382.
Gravity is an important ecological factor regulating plant growth and developmental processes. Here we used various molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate artificial and normal gravistimulation’s effect on the early growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by changing the orientations of Petri dishes. Rate of amino acid formation, root and shoot growth, and OsPIN expression was significantly higher under gravistimulation compared with the control. Clinostat rotation positively affected plant growth and amino acid profile. However, under normal gravity, vertical-oriented seedlings showed high amino acid levels compared with clinostat, 90°-rotated, and control seedlings. Similarly, seedling growth significantly increased with 90°-rotated and vertical orientations. Artificial gravity and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots, root shoot junction, and shoots of clinorotated seedlings. Phenyl acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots and root shoot junction of clinorotated seedlings but not in the shoot. The current study suggests that OsPIN1 is differentially regulated and that it might be involved in the regulation of plant growth. Conversely, OsPIN2 and OsPIN3a are gravity sensors and highly induced in the roots and root shoot junctions of vertical and 90°-rotated seedlings and play an important role in stress conditions. Thus, on exposure to gravity, hormones, and UV-C radiation, these genes are highly regulated by jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid.
Muhammad Farooq; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung-Min Kim. Gravistimulation effects on Oryza sativa amino acid profile, growth pattern and expression of OsPIN genes. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -14.
AMA StyleMuhammad Farooq, Rahmatullah Jan, Kyung-Min Kim. Gravistimulation effects on Oryza sativa amino acid profile, growth pattern and expression of OsPIN genes. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Farooq; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Gravistimulation effects on Oryza sativa amino acid profile, growth pattern and expression of OsPIN genes." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-14.
In this study, the effect of varying nitrogen and sucrose concentrations in culture media was evaluated with respect to biomass production, accumulation of flavonoids, anthocyanin, and associated gene expression in rice callus. The callus was induced on control MS (M1), sugar-deficient (M2), sugar-excessive (M3), nitrogen-deficient (M4), and nitrogen-excessive (M5) media. The results indicated that the callus induction percentage (CIP) as well as the size and fresh weight of the callus were inhibited by all types of media compared with control media. Varying the sucrose and nitrogen concentration significantly affected callus morphology and caused a browning effect. Genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS and DFR) were upregulated in the callus cultured in all four media types compared with control media. Likewise, flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation were higher in callus grown in excessive sugar- and nitrogen-containing media compared with control media. Unlike flavonoids, salicylic acid (SA) regulation was significantly higher in callus grown in sugar- and nitrogen-deficient media compared with control media. Sugar content was significantly higher in callus cultured in sugar-excessive media, whereas it was reduced in the callus cultured in the other media types compared with control media. Finally, chlorophyll was reduced in all callus media compared with the control media.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Modulation of sugar and nitrogen in callus induction media alter PAL pathway, SA and biomass accumulation in rice callus. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2020, 143, 517 -530.
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, In-Jung Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Modulation of sugar and nitrogen in callus induction media alter PAL pathway, SA and biomass accumulation in rice callus. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2020; 143 (3):517-530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Modulation of sugar and nitrogen in callus induction media alter PAL pathway, SA and biomass accumulation in rice callus." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 143, no. 3: 517-530.
The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), has become a devastating pest for rice crops, causes serious yield losses each year, and urgently needs biological control. Here, we developed a WBPH-resistant rice cultivar by overexpressing the OsF3H gene. A genetic functional analysis of the OsF3H gene confirmed its role in facilitating flavonoid contents and have indicated that the expression of the OsF3H gene is involved in regulation of the downstream genes (OsDFR and OsFLS) of the flavonoid pathway and genes (OsSLR1 and OsWRKY13) involved in other physiological pathways. OxF3H (OsF3H transgenic) plants accumulated significant amounts of the flavonols kaempferol (Kr) and quercetin (Qu) and the anthocyanins delphinidin and cyanidin, compared to the wild type, in response to the stress induced by WBPH. Similarly, OsF3H-related proteins were significantly expressed in OxF3H lines after WBPH infestation. The present study, indicated that the regulation of JA in OxF3H plants was suppressed due the overexpression of the OsF3H gene, which induced the expression of downstream genes related to anthocyanin. Similarly, the OsWRKY13 transcriptional factor was significantly suppressed in OxF3H plants during WBPH infestation. Exogenous application of Kr and Qu increased the survival rates of susceptible TN1 lines in response to WBPH, while decreased the survival rate of first instar WBPHs, indicating that both flavonols exhibit pesticide activity. Phenotypic demonstration also affirms that OxF3H plants show strong resistance to WBPH compared with wild type. Collectively, our result suggested that OsF3H overexpression led to the up-regulation of defense related genes and enhanced rice resistance to WBPH infestation.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Overexpression of OsF3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -16.
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, In-Jung Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Overexpression of OsF3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Overexpression of OsF3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-16.
Rice is one of the world’s leading food crops, and over 90% of the world’s rice production stems from Asia. In particular, an increase of 1 °C in the minimum temperature reduces the quantity of rice by 10%. Therefore, the development of rice varieties that can stably maintain the yield and quality of the rice even under these rapid climate changes is indispensable. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping after treatment with heat stress during the booting stage in rice. We performed a QTL analysis using the Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid (CNDH) line and identified 19 QTLs during the 2 year analysis. Of these QTL regions, the 2.2 cM region of RM3709–RM11694 on chromosome 1 was shared among the six traits (heading date; culm length; panicle length; number of tiller; 1000 grain weight; and content of chlorophyll) examined. Rice Microsatellite (RM) 3709–RM11694 contained 27 high-temperature-tolerance candidate genes. Among the candidate genes, OsBHT showed a different gene expression level between CNDH75, which is a high-temperature tolerant line, and CNDH11 which is a susceptible line. Although some existing high-temperature-tolerant genes have been reported, OsBHT can be used more effectively for the development of heat tolerance in rice.
Jae-Ryoung Park; Won-Tae Yang; Doh-Hoon Kim; Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of a Novel Gene, Osbht, in Response to High Temperature Tolerance at Booting Stage in Rice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 5862 .
AMA StyleJae-Ryoung Park, Won-Tae Yang, Doh-Hoon Kim, Kyung-Min Kim. Identification of a Novel Gene, Osbht, in Response to High Temperature Tolerance at Booting Stage in Rice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (16):5862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJae-Ryoung Park; Won-Tae Yang; Doh-Hoon Kim; Kyung-Min Kim. 2020. "Identification of a Novel Gene, Osbht, in Response to High Temperature Tolerance at Booting Stage in Rice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16: 5862.