This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate–glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.
Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Murtaza Khan; Byung-Wook Yun; Abdul Latif Khan; In-Jung Lee. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021, 26, 5116 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Murtaza Khan, Byung-Wook Yun, Abdul Latif Khan, In-Jung Lee. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules. 2021; 26 (17):5116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Murtaza Khan; Byung-Wook Yun; Abdul Latif Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis." Molecules 26, no. 17: 5116.
Food waste is a common global threat to the environment, agriculture, and society. In the present study, we used 30% food waste, mixed with 70% bio-fertilizers, and evaluated their ability to affect the growth of Chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted using different concentrations of food waste to investigate their effect on Chinese cabbage growth, chlorophyll content, and mineral content. Leaf length, root length, and fresh and dry weight were significantly increased in plants treated with control fertilizer (CF) and fertilizer mixed with food waste (MF). However, high concentrations of food waste decreased the growth and biomass of Chinese cabbage due to salt content. Furthermore, higher chlorophyll content, transpiration efficiency, and photosynthetic rate were observed in CF- and MF-treated plants, while higher chlorophyll fluorescence was observed in the MF × 2 and MF × 6 treatments. Inductively coupled plasm mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results showed an increase in potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg) contents in the MF and MF × 2 treatments, while higher sodium (Na) content was observed in the MF × 4 and MF × 6 treatments due to the high salt content found in food waste. The analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) showed that increasing amounts of food waste increase the endogenous ABA content, compromising the survival of plants. In conclusion, optimal amounts of food waste—up to MF and MF × 2—increase plant growth and provide an ecofriendly approach to be employed in the agriculture production system.
Sang-Mo Kang; Shifa Shaffique; Lee-Rang Kim; Eun-Hae Kwon; Seong-Heon Kim; Yun-Hae Lee; Kalsoom Kalsoom; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Mixed with Food Waste Dry Powder on the Growth of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings. Environments 2021, 8, 86 .
AMA StyleSang-Mo Kang, Shifa Shaffique, Lee-Rang Kim, Eun-Hae Kwon, Seong-Heon Kim, Yun-Hae Lee, Kalsoom Kalsoom, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, In-Jung Lee. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Mixed with Food Waste Dry Powder on the Growth of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings. Environments. 2021; 8 (8):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Mo Kang; Shifa Shaffique; Lee-Rang Kim; Eun-Hae Kwon; Seong-Heon Kim; Yun-Hae Lee; Kalsoom Kalsoom; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Effects of Organic Fertilizer Mixed with Food Waste Dry Powder on the Growth of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings." Environments 8, no. 8: 86.
Background: A renewed focus on medicinal mushrooms has brought forth a sustainable health dimension. Conventional health strategies are insufficiently integrated with sustainable health promotion. The health-promoting outcome of mushrooms has fascinated many groups during the past few years because of various primary and secondary metabolites in different cellular components. They contain many bioactive metabolites, including proteins (cytokines, ergothioneine), fibers, moisture, carbohydrates (uronic acid), folate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, vitamin D, calcium, potassium, polysaccharides (G. lucidum polysaccharides, alpha and beta glucans, and lentinan) polyketides, polyphenols (Protocatechuic acid, inonoblins A–vanillic acid, phelligridins D, E, and G, hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, tannic acid, hispidine, gentisic acid, and tocopherol), nucleotides (adenosine, cordycepin), lovastatin, steroids, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenes. Objective: This study was conducted to gather information on the current knowledge of medicinal mushrooms, with respect to their antioxidant properties. Conclusions: The results indicated that mushrooms are a promising source of natural antioxidants. Of all mushrooms, the Ganoderma tsugae Murill exhibited an excellent antioxidant potential of 93.7–100% at 20 mg/mL.
Shifa Shaffique; Sang-Mo Kang; Ah-Yeong Kim; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. Current Knowledge of Medicinal Mushrooms Related to Anti-Oxidant Properties. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7948 .
AMA StyleShifa Shaffique, Sang-Mo Kang, Ah-Yeong Kim, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, In-Jung Lee. Current Knowledge of Medicinal Mushrooms Related to Anti-Oxidant Properties. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShifa Shaffique; Sang-Mo Kang; Ah-Yeong Kim; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Current Knowledge of Medicinal Mushrooms Related to Anti-Oxidant Properties." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7948.
Efficient accumulation of flavonoids is important for increased tolerance to biotic stress. Although several plant defense mechanisms are known, the roles of many pathways, proteins, and secondary metabolites in stress tolerance are unknown. We generated a flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) overexpressor rice line and inoculated Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae and compared the control and wildtype inoculated plants. In addition to promoting plant growth and developmental maintenance, the overexpression of F3H increased the accumulation of flavonoids and increased tolerance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) stress. Moreover, leaf lesion length was higher in the infected wildtype plants compared with infected transgenics. Kaempferol and quercetin, which scavenge reactive oxygen species, overaccumulated in transgenic lines compared with wildtypes in response to pathogenic infection, detected by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The induction of F3H altered the antioxidant system and reduced the levels of glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the transgenic lines compared with the wildtypes. Downstream gene regulation analysis showed that the expression of F3H increased the regulation of flavonol synthase (FLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and slender rice mutant (SLR1) during BLB stress. The analysis of SA and JA signaling revealed an antagonistic interaction between both hormones and that F3H induction significantly promoted SA and inhibited JA accumulation in the transgenic lines. SA-dependent nonexpressor pathogenesis-related (NPR1) and Xa1 showed significant upregulation in the infected transgenic lines compared with the infected control and wildtype lines. Thus, the overexpression of F3H was essential for increasing BLB stress tolerance.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; Jae-Ryoung Park; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 6152 .
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, Jae-Ryoung Park, In-Jung Lee, Kyung-Min Kim. Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (11):6152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; Jae-Ryoung Park; In-Jung Lee; Kyung-Min Kim. 2021. "Flavonone 3-hydroxylase Relieves Bacterial Leaf Blight Stress in Rice via Overaccumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids and Induction of Defense Genes and Hormones." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 6152.
Background Salinity is a major threat to the agriculture industry due to the negative impact of salinity stress on crop productivity. In the present study, we isolated rhizobacteria and evaluated their capacities to promote crop growth under salt stress conditions. Results We isolated rhizospheric bacteria from sand dune flora of Pohang beach, Korea, and screened them for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among 55 bacterial isolates, 14 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 10 produced siderophores, and 12 produced extracellular polymeric and phosphate solubilization. Based on these PGP traits, we selected 11 isolates to assess for salinity tolerance. Among them, ALT29 and ALT43 showed the highest tolerance to salinity stress. Next, we tested the culture filtrate of isolates ALT29 and ALT43 for IAA and organic acids to confirm the presence of these PGP products. To investigate the effects of ALT29 and ALT43 on salt tolerance in soybean, we grew seedlings in 0 mM, 80 mM, 160 mM, and 240 mM NaCl treatments, inoculating half with the bacterial isolates. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 significantly increased shoot length (13%), root length (21%), shoot fresh and dry weight (44 and 35%), root fresh and dry weight (9%), chlorophyll content (16–24%), Chl a (8–43%), Chl b (13–46%), and carotenoid (14–39%) content of soybean grown under salt stress. Inoculation with ALT29 and ALT43 also significantly decreased endogenous ABA levels (0.77-fold) and increased endogenous SA contents (6–16%), increased total protein (10–20%) and glutathione contents, and reduced lipid peroxidation (0.8–5-fold), superoxide anion (21–68%), peroxidase (12.14–17.97%), and polyphenol oxidase (11.76–27.06%) contents in soybean under salinity stress. In addition, soybean treated with ALT29 and ALT43 exhibited higher K+ uptake (9.34–67.03%) and reduced Na+ content (2–4.5-fold). Genes involved in salt tolerance, GmFLD19 and GmNARK, were upregulated under NaCl stress; however, significant decreases in GmFLD19 (3–12-fold) and GmNARK (1.8–3.7-fold) expression were observed in bacterial inoculated plants. Conclusion In conclusion, bacterial isolates ALT29 and ALT43 can mitigate salinity stress and increase plant growth, providing an eco-friendly approach for addressing saline conditions in agricultural production systems.
Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Atlaw Anbelu Sahile; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Hamayun; Muhammad Imran; Arjun Adhikari; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Halotolerant bacteria mitigate the effects of salinity stress on soybean growth by regulating secondary metabolites and molecular responses. BMC Plant Biology 2021, 21, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan, Atlaw Anbelu Sahile, Rahmatullah Jan, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Hamayun, Muhammad Imran, Arjun Adhikari, Sang-Mo Kang, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Halotolerant bacteria mitigate the effects of salinity stress on soybean growth by regulating secondary metabolites and molecular responses. BMC Plant Biology. 2021; 21 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan; Atlaw Anbelu Sahile; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Hamayun; Muhammad Imran; Arjun Adhikari; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Halotolerant bacteria mitigate the effects of salinity stress on soybean growth by regulating secondary metabolites and molecular responses." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1: 1-15.
Salinity is a significant abiotic stress for crop plants and a threat to global food security. Optimizing yield without adversely affecting the ecosystem is necessary for a sustainable agriculture. Silicon and plant growth-promoting bacteria were reported for mitigating several abiotic and biotic stress in plants. In our study, we identified the salt-tolerant rhizobacterium Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51. This species produces several plant-growth-promoting biochemicals like indole-3-acetic acid (33 ± 1.8 ng/mL) and gibberellic acid (GA3; 38 ± 1.3 and GA4; 23 ± 1.2 ng/mL) in Luria-Bertani(LB) media, and LB media spiked with 200 mM NaCl (indole-3-acetic acid(IAA); 17.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL, GA3; 21 ± 0.9 and GA4; 19 ± 1.0 ng/mL). In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of isolate CS51 and exogenous silicon (3 mM) on maize under salinity stress (200 mM). Our results showed that the sole application of isolate CS51, Si, and combined CS51 + Si significantly enhanced maize biomass and chlorophyll content under normal and salinity stress. Phytohormonal results showed that salinity stress increased abscisic acid (ABA; three folds) and jasmonic acid (JA; 49.20%). However, the sole and combined isolate CS51 + Si application markedly reduced ABA (1.5 folds) and JA content (14.89%). Besides, the sole and isolate CS51 + Si co-application strengthened the antioxidant system, such as flavonoid (97%) and polyphenol (19.64%), and lowered the proline content (57.69%) under NaCl stress. Similarly, the CS51 and Si inoculation (solely or combined) significantly enhanced the Si uptake (4 folds) and reduced the Na+ uptake (42.30%) in maize plants under NaCl stress. In conclusion, the current finding suggests that combining CS51 with Si can be used against salinity stress in maize plants and may be commercialized as a biofertilizer.
Happy Kubi; Muhammad Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; Muhammad Hamayun; In-Jung Lee. Silicon and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51 Mitigates Salt Stress in Zea mays L. Agriculture 2021, 11, 272 .
AMA StyleHappy Kubi, Muhammad Khan, Arjun Adhikari, Muhammad Imran, Sang-Mo Kang, Muhammad Hamayun, In-Jung Lee. Silicon and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51 Mitigates Salt Stress in Zea mays L. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (3):272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHappy Kubi; Muhammad Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; Muhammad Hamayun; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Silicon and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51 Mitigates Salt Stress in Zea mays L." Agriculture 11, no. 3: 272.
Cadmium stress significantly decreases agricultural productivity worldwide. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are eco-friendly and inexpensive tool for mitigating heavy metal stress in crops. We isolated rhizospheric bacteria and screened them for various plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits as well as Cd tolerance. Only 6 bacterial isolates out of 55 assessed showed multiple PGP traits in response to different Cd concentrations. The Bacillus cereus ALT1 strain showed high tolerance to increased Cd amounts in the culture medium, while secreting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and organic acids into the culture medium. High Cd concentrations (0.7 mM, 1.4 mM, and 2.1 mM) reduced soybean shoot and root length, root/shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as chlorophyll content; however, inoculation with the bacterial isolate ALT1 mitigated Cd stress and enhanced both soybean growth parameters and chlorophyll content. It also decreased abscisic acid (ABA) amounts, enhanced salicylic acid (SA) production, and promoted antioxidant response by increasing total proteins (TP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while decreasing glutathione (GSH) content, lipid peroxidation (LPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide anion (SOA), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in soybean plants. In addition, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed that soybean plants treated with the bacterial isolate ALT1 enhanced K uptake and decreased Cd amounts in comparison to control plants. The present study reveals that Cd-tolerant bacterial isolate ALT1 can alleviate Cd toxicity on plants by increasing their growth, thus imposing itself as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer under Cd stress.
Atlaw Sahile; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Hamayun; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; In-Jung Lee. Novel Bacillus cereus Strain, ALT1, Enhance Growth and Strengthens the Antioxidant System of Soybean under Cadmium Stress. Agronomy 2021, 11, 404 .
AMA StyleAtlaw Sahile, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Hamayun, Muhammad Imran, Sang-Mo Kang, In-Jung Lee. Novel Bacillus cereus Strain, ALT1, Enhance Growth and Strengthens the Antioxidant System of Soybean under Cadmium Stress. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtlaw Sahile; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Hamayun; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Novel Bacillus cereus Strain, ALT1, Enhance Growth and Strengthens the Antioxidant System of Soybean under Cadmium Stress." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 404.
Background Salinity stress is one of the most devastating environmental stress that inhibits plants growth and development. Many strategies including plant growth promoting fungi have been reported to mitigate salt stress. Results In this study, we adopted environmental friendly technique and screened different plant growth promoting fungi for different PGP traits and salinity stress. Among these isolate CSL1 were selected based on the basis of plant growth promoting characteristics producing IAA, GAs, organic acid and tolerance to NaCl stress. Furthermore, inoculation of fungal isolate CSL1 significantly increased shoot length (16%), root length (37%), shoot fresh and dry weight (19% and 25%), root fresh and dry weight (47 and 51%) and chlorophyll content (24%) under NaCl stress (200 mM). Endogenous ABA level (0.77 folds) were significantly decreased while SA contents (16%) were increase in CSL1 inoculated plants under NaCl stress. Similarly, higher level of antioxidants such as MDA (2 folds), SOA (29%), POD (8 folds) and PPO (3 folds) was observed in NaCl treated non-inoculated plants. ICP analysis showed an increase in Na+ (11 folds) and decrease in K+ content (15%). Furthermore, CSL-1 inoculation improved soybean adaptability against NaCl stress and a significant decrease in GmFDL19 expression (5 folds) GmNARK (4 folds) and GmSIN1 (3 folds) was observed. However, higher expression of GmAKT2 (15%) were observed in CSL-1 treated plants. Conclusion Fungal isolate CSL-1 have capability to mitigate salinity stress in soybean, increase plant growth and could be used as valuable ecofriendly microorganism resource, low cost based biotechnological approach for sustainable agriculture in salt affected areas.
Lubna Lubna; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Rehmatullah Jan; Muhammad Waqas; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Plant growth promoting Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 mitigate salinity stress in soybean via altering endogenous phytohormonal level, antioxidants and genes expression. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLubna Lubna, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Rehmatullah Jan, Muhammad Waqas, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Plant growth promoting Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 mitigate salinity stress in soybean via altering endogenous phytohormonal level, antioxidants and genes expression. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna Lubna; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Rehmatullah Jan; Muhammad Waqas; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Plant growth promoting Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 mitigate salinity stress in soybean via altering endogenous phytohormonal level, antioxidants and genes expression." , no. : 1.
Optimizing nutrient usage in plants is vital for a sustainable yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Since silicon and phosphorus are considered key elements for plant growth, this study assessed the efficient supplementation strategy of silicon and phosphorus in soybean plants under salt stress through inoculation using the rhizospheric strain—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2. The screening analysis of MU2 showed its high salt-tolerant potential, which solubilizes both silicate and phosphate. The isolate, MU2 produced gibberellic acid (GA1, GA3) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and tartaric acid) in pure culture under both normal and salt-stressed conditions. The combined application of MU2, silicon, and phosphorus significantly improved silicon and phosphorus uptake, reduced Na+ ion influx by 70%, and enhanced K+ uptake by 46% in the shoots of soybean plants grown under salt-stress conditions. MU2 inoculation upregulated the salt-resistant genes GmST1, GmSALT3, and GmAKT2, which significantly reduced the endogenous hormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid while, it enhanced the salicylic acid content of soybean. In addition, MU2 inoculation strengthened the host’s antioxidant system through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and proline while, it enhanced the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, MU2 inoculation promoted root and shoot length, plant biomass, and the chlorophyll content of soybean plants. These findings suggest that MU2 could be a potential biofertilizer catalyst for the amplification of the use efficiency of silicon and phosphorus fertilizers to mitigate salt stress.
Arjun Adhikari; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Ko-Eun Lee; Sang-Mo Kang; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana; Narayan Bhusal; In-Jung Lee. The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max L.). Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1256 .
AMA StyleArjun Adhikari, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Ko-Eun Lee, Sang-Mo Kang, Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana, Narayan Bhusal, In-Jung Lee. The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max L.). Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (9):1256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArjun Adhikari; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Ko-Eun Lee; Sang-Mo Kang; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana; Narayan Bhusal; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max L.)." Microorganisms 8, no. 9: 1256.
Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that impair plant growth and crop productivity. Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) and humic acid (HA) are used as bio-stimulants and ecofriendly approaches to improve agriculture crop production and counteract the negative effects of heat stress. Current study aimed to analyze the effect of thermotolerant SA1 an isolate of Bacillus cereus and HA on tomato seedlings. The results showed that combine application of SA1+HA significantly improved the biomass and chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato plants under normal and heat stress conditions. Heat stress increased abscisic acid (ABA) and reduced salicylic acid (SA) content; however, combined application of SA1+HA markedly reduced ABA and increased SA. Antioxidant enzymes activities revealed that SA1 and HA treated plants exhibited increased levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, heat stress markedly reduced the amino acid contents; however, the amino acids were increased with co-application of SA1+HA. Similarly, inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry results showed that plants treated with SA1+HA exhibited significantly higher iron (Fe+), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K+) uptake during heat stress. Heat stress increased the relative expression of SlWRKY33b and autophagy-related (SlATG5) genes, whereas co-application of SA1+HA augmented the heat stress response and reduced SlWRKY33b and SlATG5 expression. The heat stress-responsive transcription factor (SlHsfA1a) and high-affinity potassium transporter (SlHKT1) were upregulated in SA1+HA-treated plants. In conclusion, current findings suggest that co-application with SA1+HA can be used for the mitigation of heat stress damage in tomato plants and can be commercialized as a biofertilizer.
Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Rahmatullah Jan; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Extending thermotolerance to tomato seedlings by inoculation with SA1 isolate of Bacillus cereus and comparison with exogenous humic acid application. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0232228 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Rahmatullah Jan, Sang-Mo Kang, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Extending thermotolerance to tomato seedlings by inoculation with SA1 isolate of Bacillus cereus and comparison with exogenous humic acid application. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0232228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Rahmatullah Jan; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Extending thermotolerance to tomato seedlings by inoculation with SA1 isolate of Bacillus cereus and comparison with exogenous humic acid application." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0232228.
Salt stress negatively affects growth and development of the plants. However, it is hypothesized that plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria greatly alleviate the adverse effects of salinity and can promote growth and development of the plants. In the present research, we aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from halotolerant plants and evaluate their capabilities for promoting of crop plant growth. The bacterial endophytes were isolated from selected plants inhabiting sand dunes at Pohang beach, screen for plant growth promoting traits and applied on rice seedlings under salt stress (NaCl; 150 mM). Out of 59 endophytic bacterial isolates, only six isolates i.e. (Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum SAK1, Curtobacterium luteum SAK2, Enterobacter ludwigii SAK5, Bacillus cereus SA1, Micrococcus yunnanensis SA2, Enterobacter tabaci SA3) results a significant increase in the growth of Waito‐C rice. The cultural filtrates (CFs) of bacterial endophytes were tested for phytohormones including indole‐3‐acetic acid, gibberellins and organic acid. Inoculation of the selected strains considerably reduced the amount of endogenous ABA in rice plants under NaCl stress, however, increased GSH and sugar content. Similarly, these strains augmented the expression of flavin monooxygenases (OsYUCCA1) and auxin efflux carrier (OsPIN1) genes under salt stress. Conclusively, the pragmatic application of the above selected strains alleviated the adverse effects of NaCl stress and enhanced rice growth attributes by producing various phytohormones.
Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Imran; Kyung‐Min Kim; In‐Jung Lee. Plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria augment growth and salinity tolerance in rice plants. Plant Biology 2020, 22, 850 -862.
AMA StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Arjun Adhikari, Rahmatullah Jan, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Imran, Kyung‐Min Kim, In‐Jung Lee. Plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria augment growth and salinity tolerance in rice plants. Plant Biology. 2020; 22 (5):850-862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Imran; Kyung‐Min Kim; In‐Jung Lee. 2020. "Plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria augment growth and salinity tolerance in rice plants." Plant Biology 22, no. 5: 850-862.
In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the plant growth-promoting characteristics of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51 under heavy metal stress conditions (Zn, Cu, and Cd) and determine the genetic makeup of the CS51 genome using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology of Pacific Biosciences. The results revealed that inoculation with CS51 induced endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GAs), which significantly enhanced cucumber growth (root shoot length) and increased the heavy metal tolerance of cucumber plants. Moreover, genomic analysis revealed that the CS51 genome consisted of a circular chromosome of 5,364,174 base pairs with an average G+C content of 64.71%. There were around 4774 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs) in 4859 genes, 15 rRNA genes, and 67 tRNA genes. Around 3950 protein-coding genes with function prediction and 733 genes without function prediction were identified. Furthermore, functional analyses predicted that the CS51 genome could encode genes required for auxin biosynthesis, nitrate and nitrite ammonification, the phosphate-specific transport system, and the sulfate transport system, which are beneficial for plant growth promotion. The heavy metal resistance of CS51 was confirmed by the presence of genes responsible for cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance, nickel transport, and copper homeostasis in the CS51 genome. The extrapolation of the curve showed that the core genome contained a minimum of 2122 genes (95% confidence interval = 2034.24 to 2080.215). Our findings indicated that the genome sequence of CS51 may be used as an eco-friendly bioresource to promote plant growth in heavy metal-contaminated areas.
Sang-Mo Kang; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Lubna; Adil Khan; Bong-Gyu Mun; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Humaira Gul; In-Jung Lee. Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium, Under Heavy Metal Stress Conditions. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 382 .
AMA StyleSang-Mo Kang, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Lubna, Adil Khan, Bong-Gyu Mun, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Humaira Gul, In-Jung Lee. Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium, Under Heavy Metal Stress Conditions. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (3):382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Mo Kang; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Lubna; Adil Khan; Bong-Gyu Mun; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Humaira Gul; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans CS51, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium, Under Heavy Metal Stress Conditions." Microorganisms 8, no. 3: 382.
Background Exposure of plants to different environmental insults instigates significant changes in the cellular redox tone driven in part by promoting the production of reactive nitrogen species. The key player, nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous diatomic molecule, well-known for its signaling role during stress. In this study, we focused on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism-related genes that showed differential expression in response to the NO donorS-nitroso-l-cysteine (CySNO) by conducting RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis. Results CySNO-induced ABA-related genes were identified and further characterized. Gene ontology terms for biological processes showed most of the genes were associated with protein phosphorylation. Promoter analysis suggested that severalcis-regulatory elements were activated under biotic and/or abiotic stress conditions. The ABA biosynthetic geneAtAO3was selected for validation using functional genomics. The loss of function mutantatao3was found to differentially regulate oxidative and nitrosative stress. Further investigations for determining the role ofAtAO3in plant defense suggested a negative regulation of plant basal defense andR-gene-mediated resistance. Theatao3plants showed resistance to virulentPseudomonas syringaepv.tomatostrain DC3000 (PstDC3000) with gradual increase inPR1gene expression. Similarly,atao3plants showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) when challenged withPstDC3000 (avrB). Theatgsnor1–3andatsid2mutants showed a susceptible phenotype with reducedPR1transcript accumulation. Drought tolerance assay indicated thatatao3andatnced3ABA-deficient mutants showed early wilting, followed by plant death. The study of stomatal structure showed thatatao3andatnced3were unable to close stomata even at 7 days after drought stress. Further, they showed reduced ABA content and increased electrolyte leakage than the wild-type (WT) plants. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that ABA biosynthesis genes were down-regulated, whereas expression of most of the drought-related genes were up-regulated inatao3than in WT. Conclusions AtAO3negatively regulates pathogen-induced salicylic acid pathway, although it is required for drought tolerance, despite the fact that ABA production is not totally dependent onAtAO3, and that drought-related genes likeDREB2andABI2show response to drought irrespective of ABA content.
Murtaza Khan; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biology 2019, 19, 602 -19.
AMA StyleMurtaza Khan, Qari Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shahid, Bong-Gyu Mun, Sang-Uk Lee, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Adil Hussain, In-Jung Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biology. 2019; 19 (1):602-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurtaza Khan; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." BMC Plant Biology 19, no. 1: 602-19.
Background. Salinity is one of the major abiotic constraints that hinder health and quality of crops. Conversely, halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizospheric (PGPR) bacteria are considered biologically safe for alleviating salinity stress. Results. We isolated halotolerant PGPR strains from the rhizospheric soil of Artemisia princeps, Chenopodium ficifolium, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Oenothera biennis plants; overall, 126 strains were isolated. The plant growth-promoting traits of these isolates were studied by inoculating them with the soil used to grow soybean plants under normal and salt stress (NaCl; 200 mM) conditions. The isolates identified as positive for growth-promoting activities were subjected to molecular identification. Out of 126 isolates, five strains—Arthrobacter woluwensis (AK1), Microbacterium oxydans (AK2), Arthrobacter aurescens (AK3), Bacillus megaterium (AK4), and Bacillus aryabhattai (AK5)—were identified to be highly tolerant to salt stress and demonstrated several plant growth-promoting traits like increased production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and siderophores and increased phosphate solubilization. These strains were inoculated in the soil of soybean plants grown under salt stress (NaCl; 200 mM) and various physiological and morphological parameters of plants were studied. The results showed that the microbial inoculation elevated the antioxidant (SOD and GSH) level and K+ uptake and reduced the Na+ ion concentration. Moreover, inoculation of these microbes significantly lowered the ABA level and increased plant growth attributes and chlorophyll content in soybean plants under 200 mM NaCl stress. The salt-tolerant gene GmST1 was highly expressed with the highest expression of 42.85% in AK1-treated plants, whereas the lowest expression observed was 13.46% in AK5-treated plants. Similarly, expression of the IAA regulating gene GmLAX3 was highly depleted in salt-stressed plants by 38.92%, which was upregulated from 11.26% to 43.13% upon inoculation with the microorganism. Conclusion. Our results showed that the salt stress-resistant microorganism used in these experiments could be a potential biofertilizer to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress in plants via regulation of phytohormones and gene expression.
Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Imran; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Halotolerant Rhizobacterial Strains Mitigate the Adverse Effects of NaCl Stress in Soybean Seedlings. BioMed Research International 2019, 2019, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Arjun Adhikari, Rahmatullah Jan, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Imran, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Halotolerant Rhizobacterial Strains Mitigate the Adverse Effects of NaCl Stress in Soybean Seedlings. BioMed Research International. 2019; 2019 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Arjun Adhikari; Rahmatullah Jan; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Imran; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Halotolerant Rhizobacterial Strains Mitigate the Adverse Effects of NaCl Stress in Soybean Seedlings." BioMed Research International 2019, no. : 1-15.
The tolerance of plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs) against various concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) was investigated. Two glutathione-producing bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii SAK5 and Exiguobacterium indicum SA22) were screened for Cd and Ni accumulation and tolerance in contaminated media, which showed resistance up to 1.0 mM. Both strains were further evaluated by inoculating specific plants with the bacteria for five days prior to heavy metal treatment (0.5 and 1.0 mM). The enhancement of biomass and growth attributes such as the root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and chlorophyll content were compared between treated inoculated plants and treated non-inoculated plants. Both strains significantly increased the accumulation of Cd and Ni in inoculated plants. The accumulation of both heavy metals was higher in the roots than in the shoots, however; Ni accumulation was greater than Cd. Heavy metal stress-responsive genes such as OsGST, OsMTP1, and OsPCS1 were significantly upregulated in treated non-inoculated plants compared with treated inoculated plants, suggesting that both strains reduced heavy metal stress. Similarly, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased with increased heavy metal concentration; however, it was reduced in inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants. Salicylic acid (SA) was found to exert synergistic effects with ABA. The application of suitable endophytic bacteria can protect against heavy metal hyperaccumulation by enhancing detoxification mechanisms.
Rahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; In-Jung Lee; Kyung Min Kim. Metal Resistant Endophytic Bacteria Reduces Cadmium, Nickel Toxicity, and Enhances Expression of Metal Stress Related Genes with Improved Growth of Oryza Sativa, via Regulating Its Antioxidant Machinery and Endogenous Hormones. Plants 2019, 8, 363 .
AMA StyleRahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, In-Jung Lee, Kyung Min Kim. Metal Resistant Endophytic Bacteria Reduces Cadmium, Nickel Toxicity, and Enhances Expression of Metal Stress Related Genes with Improved Growth of Oryza Sativa, via Regulating Its Antioxidant Machinery and Endogenous Hormones. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahmatullah Jan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Lubna; In-Jung Lee; Kyung Min Kim. 2019. "Metal Resistant Endophytic Bacteria Reduces Cadmium, Nickel Toxicity, and Enhances Expression of Metal Stress Related Genes with Improved Growth of Oryza Sativa, via Regulating Its Antioxidant Machinery and Endogenous Hormones." Plants 8, no. 10: 363.
Salinity stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of different crops. In the present study, we isolated the rhizospheric bacteria Arthrobacter woluwensis AK1 from Pohang beach, South Korea and determined its plant growth-promoting potential under NaCl salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mM). AK1 has phosphate-solubilizing activity and produce siderophores, organic acids, and phytohormones such as gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that significantly alleviate sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and increase all plant growth attributes. Furthermore, inoculation of AK1 significantly decreased endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content, extensively regulated the antioxidant activities and mitigated NaCl stress. Similarly, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry results showed that soybean plants inoculated with AK1 significantly decreased the amount of sodium (Na+) uptake during NaCl stress after 6 and 12 days. Four genes, auxin resistant 1 (GmLAX1), potassium channel AKT2 (GmAKT2), soybean salt tolerance 1 (GmST1), and salt tolerance-associated gene on chromosome 3 (GmSALT3) were up-regulated, while two genes chloride channel gene (GmNHX1) and Na+/H+ antiporter (GmCLC1) were down-regulated in soybean AK1treated plants. In conclusion, AK1 can mitigate salinity stress, increase plant growth and could be utilized as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer under salinity stress.
Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Rahmatullah Jan; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Rhizobacteria AK1 remediates the toxic effects of salinity stress via regulation of endogenous phytohormones and gene expression in soybean. Biochemical Journal 2019, 476, 2393 -2409.
AMA StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Rahmatullah Jan, Sang-Mo Kang, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Rhizobacteria AK1 remediates the toxic effects of salinity stress via regulation of endogenous phytohormones and gene expression in soybean. Biochemical Journal. 2019; 476 (16):2393-2409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Aaqil Khan; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Rahmatullah Jan; Sang-Mo Kang; Kyung-Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Rhizobacteria AK1 remediates the toxic effects of salinity stress via regulation of endogenous phytohormones and gene expression in soybean." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 16: 2393-2409.