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Replacing greenhouse gas-intensive building materials with wood products from sustainable forestry contributes to the implementation of current climate conventions such as the Paris Agreement. Hardwood products, such as laminated veneer lumber made of beech (e.g., BauBuche), are an alternative to conventional building materials. For the application of wood products in the construction sector, a precise knowledge of the mechanical and physical properties is essential. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the sorption behavior and associated dimensional changes of the product BauBuche. This was done by applying a manual testing procedure (climatic chamber, balance and caliper) as well as a dynamic vapor sorption analyzer equipped with a camera. During initial moistening after production, due to the irreversible spring back (approximately 2 mm at 50 mm; i.e., 4%), Baubuche shows an extremely strong swelling in the radial direction. Once the maximum spring back is reached, Baubuche shows sorption behavior in the radial and tangential direction, which is comparable to that of solid beech wood in the radial direction. Consequently, the dimensional changes caused by moisture changes must be taken into account in the dimensioning of Baubuche components in order to avoid damage to building structures.
Jan T. Benthien; Martin Riegler; Nick Engehausen; Martin Nopens. Specific Dimensional Change Behavior of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche) in Terms of Moisture Absorption and Desorption. Fibers 2020, 8, 47 .
AMA StyleJan T. Benthien, Martin Riegler, Nick Engehausen, Martin Nopens. Specific Dimensional Change Behavior of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche) in Terms of Moisture Absorption and Desorption. Fibers. 2020; 8 (7):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan T. Benthien; Martin Riegler; Nick Engehausen; Martin Nopens. 2020. "Specific Dimensional Change Behavior of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche) in Terms of Moisture Absorption and Desorption." Fibers 8, no. 7: 47.
Aminoplastic particleboard adhesives are reactive, inexpensive and well established in industry. Even so, potential adhesive savings are of interest due to a number of reasons. Therefore, fibrillar cellulosic additives derived from sugar beet pulp and from wood pulp were examined with regard to beneficial effects on adhesive performance. Particleboards were prepared with, varying adhesive content and board density. For a proper processing of the additives, focus is laid on the critical process steps during particle resination. As shown by the results, the use of fibrillar cellulosic additives may enable longer open time, higher internal bond strengths and reduced resin consumption only within well-defined boundaries.
Stefan Pinkl; Stefan Veigel; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Hendrikus Van Herwijnen; Martin Riegler. Effects of fibrillar cellulosic additives on particleboard production and properties. Wood Material Science & Engineering 2020, 1 -7.
AMA StyleStefan Pinkl, Stefan Veigel, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter, Hendrikus Van Herwijnen, Martin Riegler. Effects of fibrillar cellulosic additives on particleboard production and properties. Wood Material Science & Engineering. 2020; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Pinkl; Stefan Veigel; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Hendrikus Van Herwijnen; Martin Riegler. 2020. "Effects of fibrillar cellulosic additives on particleboard production and properties." Wood Material Science & Engineering , no. : 1-7.
In this work a mathematical model and simulation for the gluing of wood particles designated for particleboards is presented. The aim is to obtain a better understanding of the gluing process. Thus, the behaviour of wood particles during gluing is investigated and the resulting adhesive distribution across the surface of the wood particles is analysed. For developing a mathematical model, the modelling methods “lattice gas cellular automata” and “random walk” were used. The model was implemented in MATLAB and different scenarios were simulated for answering the main questions of the behaviour during gluing. The influences of different parameters on the adhesive distribution were investigated and quantitatively determined by several key figures. Based on these key figures, the effects of the mixing arm, realistic size distributions of wood particles and adhesive droplets, the transfer of adhesive, and the total mass of adhesive are discussed. Furthermore the results are compared with experimental measurements. The simulation results show that the model can feasibly be used for studying the gluing of wood particles. For a possible industrial application, additional research for developing a three-dimensional model is needed.
Carina Rößler; Felix Breitenecker; Martin Riegler. Simulating the Gluing of Wood Particles by Lattice Gas Cellular Automata and Random Walk. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleCarina Rößler, Felix Breitenecker, Martin Riegler. Simulating the Gluing of Wood Particles by Lattice Gas Cellular Automata and Random Walk. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarina Rößler; Felix Breitenecker; Martin Riegler. 2020. "Simulating the Gluing of Wood Particles by Lattice Gas Cellular Automata and Random Walk." Mathematics 8, no. 6: 1.
An investigation of simultaneous dynamic mass and length change measurement for wood is presented. In contrast to the equilibrium in moisture content and swelling and shrinking, where extensive data exists for different wood species, less information is available for the dynamics of moisture changes in direct comparison to the related dimensional changes during the sorption process. This is due to a lack of methods. A gravimetric sorption system, equipped with a high resolution camera and an automated image evaluation, is used to examine simultaneous effects of water vapour sorption dynamics and dimensional change. This method proves a strong correlation between mass and dimensional change, which is in contrast to other investigations. Equilibrium moisture content as well as swelling and shrinking data is in good agreement with literature and manual measurements. The method enables the possibility to determine swelling and shrinking values in-situ without disturbing the targeted climatic conditions. The system is applicable for the investigation of natural wood, modified wood, wood composites or other lignocellulosic materials.
Martin Nopens; Martin Riegler; Christian Hansmann; Andreas Krause. Simultaneous change of wood mass and dimension caused by moisture dynamics. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMartin Nopens, Martin Riegler, Christian Hansmann, Andreas Krause. Simultaneous change of wood mass and dimension caused by moisture dynamics. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Nopens; Martin Riegler; Christian Hansmann; Andreas Krause. 2019. "Simultaneous change of wood mass and dimension caused by moisture dynamics." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-11.
As the wood sawing industry in Central Europe is highly competitive, sawmills constantly try to increase their efficiency in the production process. The computed tomography (CT) technology is a promising way to increase the economic outcome of the sawing process. Nevertheless, the number of successful industry applications is still rare. In this study, the potential advantages of a roundwood scanning CT in a sawmill which uses bandsaw technology are analysed. A discrete event simulation model covering most of the sawmill’s activities was developed and six output-altering CT-factors were implemented to identify the effects of the CT on sawing strategies. The CT-factors are applied to all assortments and affect the output of the sawing process. Since the CT scanner presumably affects the selection of logs for the sawing process, each CT-factor scenario was applied to different log selection strategies. By testing several scenarios, the prospective economic impact of a CT scanner could be revealed and an investment appraisal was conducted. Under different assumptions, an internal rate of return of 5% up to 42% was calculated.
Martin Pernkopf; Martin Riegler; Manfred Gronalt. Profitability gain expectations for computed tomography of sawn logs. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2019, 77, 619 -631.
AMA StyleMartin Pernkopf, Martin Riegler, Manfred Gronalt. Profitability gain expectations for computed tomography of sawn logs. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2019; 77 (4):619-631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Pernkopf; Martin Riegler; Manfred Gronalt. 2019. "Profitability gain expectations for computed tomography of sawn logs." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 77, no. 4: 619-631.
Carina Pöll; Martin Riegler; Felix Breitenecker. Concept for Mathematical Models for Subprocesses in the Manufacture of Particleboards. SNE Simulation Notes Europe 2018, 28, 105 -107.
AMA StyleCarina Pöll, Martin Riegler, Felix Breitenecker. Concept for Mathematical Models for Subprocesses in the Manufacture of Particleboards. SNE Simulation Notes Europe. 2018; 28 (3):105-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarina Pöll; Martin Riegler; Felix Breitenecker. 2018. "Concept for Mathematical Models for Subprocesses in the Manufacture of Particleboards." SNE Simulation Notes Europe 28, no. 3: 105-107.
Peter Bliem; Hendrikus W.G. Van Herwijnen; Martin Riegler; Johannes Konnerth. Investigation of important influencing factors on the tensile shear strength of two component polyurethane with distinct foaming behaviour. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 2018, 84, 343 -349.
AMA StylePeter Bliem, Hendrikus W.G. Van Herwijnen, Martin Riegler, Johannes Konnerth. Investigation of important influencing factors on the tensile shear strength of two component polyurethane with distinct foaming behaviour. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2018; 84 ():343-349.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Bliem; Hendrikus W.G. Van Herwijnen; Martin Riegler; Johannes Konnerth. 2018. "Investigation of important influencing factors on the tensile shear strength of two component polyurethane with distinct foaming behaviour." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 84, no. : 343-349.
Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are important for wood industry due to their attractive properties at reasonable price. Particulate fillers added to UF are of interest with regard to improving the functionality of UF and also in terms of reduced UF consumption. To study their potential as filler, solid UF microspheres were synthesized and characterised respecting its morphology, chemical curing and thermal stability. Marigold flower structured spheres with diameters between 5 and 20 µm are presented and application trials demonstrated that high amounts of UF may be replaced by solid microspheres without impairing adhesive bond strength of solid wood bond lines. Fluorescence microscopy showed that microspheres greatly reduce adhesive penetration into the wood substrate, retaining the modified adhesive in the bondline. UF microspheres may thus be considered as viable filler for UF adhesives, particularly with regard to the possibility of endowing them with added functionality like self-healing properties.
Stefan Pinkl; Hendrikus W. G. Van Herwijnen; Stefan Veigel; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Martin Riegler. Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive. Journal of Wood Science 2018, 64, 390 -397.
AMA StyleStefan Pinkl, Hendrikus W. G. Van Herwijnen, Stefan Veigel, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter, Martin Riegler. Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive. Journal of Wood Science. 2018; 64 (4):390-397.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Pinkl; Hendrikus W. G. Van Herwijnen; Stefan Veigel; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Martin Riegler. 2018. "Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive." Journal of Wood Science 64, no. 4: 390-397.
In this paper a model for the movement of wood chips and resin droplets within a resinating mixer is presented. The mixing of wood chips and resin droplets is a sub-process, which is called gluing or resin metering, of the manufacturing process of particleboards. The aim of this sub-process is to equally distribute the resin on the wood chips. As the process of gluing is not completely understood, two arising research questions are “How is the resin distributed across the surface of the wood chips?” and “How much resin penetrated into the wood particles?”. These aspects can hardly be determined using real experiments. A mathematical model in two dimensions is developed. A modified lattice gas cellular automaton (LGCA) is used to model the moving resin droplets and wood chips. Due to the difference in size of the wood and resin particles, some modifications regarding the definition of states, collisions and streaming for the movement of the wood chips are necessary. In the common LGCA a particle is located at a cell of a specific node, whereas in the modified LGCA presented, a wood particle occupies several nodes. Due to the different states (e.g. wood or resin), several collision rules had to be defined. For the streaming, each node of the same wood particle has the same underlying velocity. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB. Finally, first simulation results are presented. Based on the simulation the percentage of glued wood chips is calculated.
Carina Rößler; Martin Riegler; Felix Breitenecker. Modeling and simulation of moving wood chips and resin droplets within a resinating mixer using lattice gas cellular automata. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018, 51, 55 -60.
AMA StyleCarina Rößler, Martin Riegler, Felix Breitenecker. Modeling and simulation of moving wood chips and resin droplets within a resinating mixer using lattice gas cellular automata. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2018; 51 (2):55-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarina Rößler; Martin Riegler; Felix Breitenecker. 2018. "Modeling and simulation of moving wood chips and resin droplets within a resinating mixer using lattice gas cellular automata." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 2: 55-60.
This research is on a new development towards three-dimensional surfaces for wood-based panels, i.e., particleboards (PB). By imprinting a self-designed stainless steel grid on both sides of PB the following research questions were investigated: (1) feasability of the 3D-pattern imprintment during hotpressing of resinated PB furnishes, (2) assessment of mechanical properties of imprinted PB, and (3) finite element modelling to understand and optimize material properties, including veneer-added sandwich panels. Following a factorial experimental design PB were produced in the laboratory and cut specimens were tested according to standards. As a result, the 3D-pattern imprintment resulted in a much higher internal bonding: For the 500 kg/m3 PB the IB increase was 35 %, while for the 700 kg/m3 the increase was even 67 %. The vertical density profile showed a roof-like shape, with a high density level in the core layer. Bending strength and stiffness turned out to be much lower than for the control. Through finite element modeling (FEM) these property changes could be mechanically explained. A successful compensation for the reduced bending performance could be demonstrated through two-side veneer sheet additions. FEM is also shown to be instrumental for the property optimization of the 3D-pattern imprinted PB. Since IB has significantly increased, the overall PB density could be reduced, meaning a light panel is required for the same product performance. The new 3D-pattern imprinted PB also constitutes a decorative design feature, which could lead to various product applications. Since the imprintment process is easy to execute, this new PB product option might be easily adopted by industry.
Petr Klímek; Rupert Wimmer; Martin Riegler. New wood-based panel with imprinted 3D surface pattern and improved internal bonding. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2016, 75, 375 -383.
AMA StylePetr Klímek, Rupert Wimmer, Martin Riegler. New wood-based panel with imprinted 3D surface pattern and improved internal bonding. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2016; 75 (3):375-383.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetr Klímek; Rupert Wimmer; Martin Riegler. 2016. "New wood-based panel with imprinted 3D surface pattern and improved internal bonding." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 75, no. 3: 375-383.
In the polymer industry, single-screw extruders are important extruding pure plastics; however, they are rarely used for the production of wood-plastic composites (WPC). The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of WPC extrusion using a smooth bore single-screw extruder by determining the impact on product quality through process parameters and raw material properties using multivariate regression models. A general factorial design was used to examine the influence of variation of raw material moisture content and screw speed on processibility. To evaluate the performance of the single-screw extrusion in the production of WPC profiles, a reference was produced by use of the conical, co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The feasibility of PVC-based WPC production on single-screw extruder was demonstrated. However, only the profiles produced from absolutely dry raw material and with a low screw speed were of superior quality, i.e. showing higher density and mechanical strength properties.
S. Ritter; M. Poszvek; M. Riegler; E. Sykacek. Process analysis using multivariate regression models exemplified by WPC processing with a single-screw extruder. International Wood Products Journal 2016, 7, 176 -180.
AMA StyleS. Ritter, M. Poszvek, M. Riegler, E. Sykacek. Process analysis using multivariate regression models exemplified by WPC processing with a single-screw extruder. International Wood Products Journal. 2016; 7 (4):176-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Ritter; M. Poszvek; M. Riegler; E. Sykacek. 2016. "Process analysis using multivariate regression models exemplified by WPC processing with a single-screw extruder." International Wood Products Journal 7, no. 4: 176-180.
In regression analyses, correlations between independent variables (e.g. process variables) and dependent variables (e.g. product quality) are of major interest. However, only statistically significant correlations ensure a reliable interpretation of how process variables affect product qualities. In this respect, accurate time alignment of independent variables is crucial to obtain regression models with acceptable validation that are influenced by temporal phenomena (e.g. industrial processes) only. In this study, the commonly used static form of time alignment, where only the distances between consecutive process parameters and the average production speed are considered, is compared to a newly developed dynamic calculation of time lags. The dynamic calculation of time lags was achieved by modelling the continuous bulk material flow. The two different methods of calculation were then applied on an industrial production of particleboards to predict final board strength properties. Results of regression models showed that the use of dynamically calculated time lags improved the predictability of the internal bond strength of boards by 67% compared to statically calculated time lags. Consequently, final product strength properties could be predicted more accurately, which should lead to lower costs of rejects and a higher efficiency of material inputs.
Martin Riegler; Nicolas Andre; Manfred Gronalt; Timothy M. Young. Real-time dynamic simulation of continuous bulk material flow to improve the statistical modelling of final product strength properties. International Journal of Production Research 2014, 53, 1 -8.
AMA StyleMartin Riegler, Nicolas Andre, Manfred Gronalt, Timothy M. Young. Real-time dynamic simulation of continuous bulk material flow to improve the statistical modelling of final product strength properties. International Journal of Production Research. 2014; 53 (21):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Riegler; Nicolas Andre; Manfred Gronalt; Timothy M. Young. 2014. "Real-time dynamic simulation of continuous bulk material flow to improve the statistical modelling of final product strength properties." International Journal of Production Research 53, no. 21: 1-8.
The industrial manufacturing of wood-based panels has become a highly technological process, where all parameters have to be perfectly adjusted to manufacture products of high quality. However, variations caused by differing wood characteristics as well as variations of single process parameters can cause out-of-control events. These undesirable events can be diminished by monitoring and controlling the entire manufacturing process using multivariate statistical techniques. Hence, a real-time process adaptation of an industrial scale fibreboard manufacturing process was simulated. Regression results revealed a mean normalised root mean squared error of prediction of 4.6 %, when predicting the internal bond strength of fibreboards. The regression model is regularly validated and, if necessary, recalibrated using the offline determined board properties (feedback control). Consequently, the process can immediately be adapted as soon as the board is produced (feedforward control). The investigations resulted in reliable models and revealed high potential for permanent industrial implementation.
Martin Riegler; Bernhard Spangl; Martin Weigl; Rupert Wimmer; Ulrich Müller. Simulation of a real-time process adaptation in the manufacture of high-density fibreboards using multivariate regression analysis and feedforward control. Wood Science and Technology 2013, 47, 1243 -1259.
AMA StyleMartin Riegler, Bernhard Spangl, Martin Weigl, Rupert Wimmer, Ulrich Müller. Simulation of a real-time process adaptation in the manufacture of high-density fibreboards using multivariate regression analysis and feedforward control. Wood Science and Technology. 2013; 47 (6):1243-1259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Riegler; Bernhard Spangl; Martin Weigl; Rupert Wimmer; Ulrich Müller. 2013. "Simulation of a real-time process adaptation in the manufacture of high-density fibreboards using multivariate regression analysis and feedforward control." Wood Science and Technology 47, no. 6: 1243-1259.
Mechanical properties of the core layer (in-plane) of high density fiberboards (HDF) were analyzed across the width of the board (i.e. across the feed direction). The tests were performed by means of a newly developed double cantilever I beam (DCIB) testing system, with analysis of internal bond strength and bending strength. The specimens were selected from a large-scale experiment in a central European HDF plant, including a completely different machine setting for each sample set. Homogeneous density and property distributions across the feed direction of the boards were generally assumed. During this trial the question arose as to whether processing leads to unequal mechanical properties across the feed direction. In total, 20 sample sets were tested longitudinally and laterally to the feed direction at eight measurement points, revealing 320 test specimens per testing procedure. In contrast to standard testing procedures, the specific fracture energy and the stress intensity factor revealed significant differences between the centre and the edge across the feed direction. This study revealed variations of mechanical properties across the width of the board using the DCIB approach.
Jörn Rathke; Martin Riegler; Martin Weigl; Ulrich Müller; Gerhard Sinn. Analyzing Process Related, In-Plane Mechanical Variation of High Density Fiber Boards (HDF) Across the Feed Direction. BioResources 2013, 8, 3982-3993 .
AMA StyleJörn Rathke, Martin Riegler, Martin Weigl, Ulrich Müller, Gerhard Sinn. Analyzing Process Related, In-Plane Mechanical Variation of High Density Fiber Boards (HDF) Across the Feed Direction. BioResources. 2013; 8 (3):3982-3993.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJörn Rathke; Martin Riegler; Martin Weigl; Ulrich Müller; Gerhard Sinn. 2013. "Analyzing Process Related, In-Plane Mechanical Variation of High Density Fiber Boards (HDF) Across the Feed Direction." BioResources 8, no. 3: 3982-3993.
This study is a first approach to visualize moisture distribution and movement between annual rings during sapwood drying by neutron imaging (NI). While Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] sapwood beams were allowed to dehydrate on a balance at ambient conditions, NI was performed in 1–10 min time steps. From NI raw files, radial dimensional changes were calculated during dehydration and transmission profiles were drawn for different relative moisture content (MC) steps from full saturation until equilibrium moisture content. The NI technique proved to be a useful tool to visualize the movement of free water within, and between, annual rings. Removal of free water in the middle part of the wood beam did not proceed continuously from the surface to the central part, but was strongly influenced by wood anatomy. Water is removed from earlywood during early stages of dehydration and later, at higher moisture loss (
Sabine Rosner; Martin Riegler; Peter Vontobel; David Mannes; Eberhard H. Lehmann; Bo Karlsson; Christian Hansmann. Within-ring movement of free water in dehydrating Norway spruce sapwood visualized by neutron radiography. Holzforschung 2012, 66, 751 -756.
AMA StyleSabine Rosner, Martin Riegler, Peter Vontobel, David Mannes, Eberhard H. Lehmann, Bo Karlsson, Christian Hansmann. Within-ring movement of free water in dehydrating Norway spruce sapwood visualized by neutron radiography. Holzforschung. 2012; 66 (6):751-756.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabine Rosner; Martin Riegler; Peter Vontobel; David Mannes; Eberhard H. Lehmann; Bo Karlsson; Christian Hansmann. 2012. "Within-ring movement of free water in dehydrating Norway spruce sapwood visualized by neutron radiography." Holzforschung 66, no. 6: 751-756.
In the wood-based panel industry, controlling the manufacturing process is crucial for ensuring product quality, using resources efficiently and cutting production costs. One major aspect for the final quality of particleboards is the distribution of resin on particles within a board. This study deals with the comparison of techniques that can be used for a practice-oriented detection of urea formaldehyde resin within an industrial environment. Resin detection was carried out by staining the resin with visible and fluorescent dyes as well as by near infrared spectroscopic (NIR) in combination with CHN elemental analysis. Using the fluorescent dye Brilliant Sulphaflavine, resin as well as single resin droplets could be detected best. NIR measurements did not lead to coherent results and should be further improved, especially because of its potential for online detection. Die Kontrolle des Herstellungsprozesses in der Holzwerkstoffplattenindustrie dient primär zur Einhaltung von Qualitätskriterien, der effizienten Nutzung von Ressourcen und der Einsparung von Kosten. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt für die Qualität des Endprodukts ist die Verteilung des Klebstoffs auf den Partikeln innerhalb der Platte. Im Zuge dieser Studie wurden Methoden verglichen, welche für eine praxisorientierte Detektion von Harnstoffformaldehydharz in einem industriellen Umfeld anwendbar wären. Die Detektion wurde einerseits mithilfe von sichtbaren und fluoreszierenden Färbemitteln und andererseits mittels Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIR) in Kombination mit einer CHN Elementaranalyse durchgeführt. Unter Zuhilfenahme des fluoreszierenden Färbemittels Brilliant Sulphaflavine konnten der Klebstoff sowie einzelne Klebstofftropfen am besten detektiert werden. Die NIR Messungen führten zu keinem schlüssigen Ergebnis. Jedoch sollte diese Auswertemethode aufgrund ihres hohen Potentials zur Onlinemessung weiter verbessert werden.
Martin Riegler; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Markus Hauptmann; Ulrich Müller. Detection of UF resin on wood particles and in particleboards: potential of selected methods for practice-oriented offline detection. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2012, 70, 829 -837.
AMA StyleMartin Riegler, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter, Markus Hauptmann, Ulrich Müller. Detection of UF resin on wood particles and in particleboards: potential of selected methods for practice-oriented offline detection. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2012; 70 (6):829-837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Riegler; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Markus Hauptmann; Ulrich Müller. 2012. "Detection of UF resin on wood particles and in particleboards: potential of selected methods for practice-oriented offline detection." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70, no. 6: 829-837.