Background: The benefits associated with a healthy diet can be attributed to higher concentrations of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables such as flavonoid-polyphenolic compounds, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Ficus Carica and the histopathological study in striptozotocin (STZ) induced T2DM in rats and compare the effect of the plant with sitagliptin. Materials and Methods: Forty apparently healthy male Wister rats weighing between 180 and 250 grams were used in the current investigation, which began in December 2023. To create type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM), rats were fed a high-fat diet (HDF) for two weeks before being injected intraperitoneal (STZ). Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, each group including eight rats. Group 1 animals received only normal saline. Group 2 animals received IP streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg /kg and were left without any treatment.Group 3 animals received IP STZ 35mg /kg and sitagliptin 10 mg /kg. Group 4 animals received IP STZ 35mg/kg and Ficus Carica extract 200mg /kg. Group 5 animals received IP STZ 35mg/kg and sitagliptin 10mg /kg and Ficua Carica extract 200mg /kg. At the end of the study the animals were sacrificed, and collection of blood sample for the estimation of MDA and liver histopathological study. Results: Treatment with Ficus Carica showed a highly significant (p Conclusion: Ficua Carica possesses antioxidant properties by the effect on lipid peroxidation (MDA) in STZ induced T2DM at a dose 200mg/kg and has liver protective activity. Additionally, sitagliptin exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at a dose 10 mg/kg. in diabetic male rats.

Everywhere in the globe, kidney illness is becoming more common, and there is no medication that can stop the progression of chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease, which is extremely expensive. Diabetes, kidney stones, accidents, and bleeding are the main contributors to kidney disease. The study was designed as a case control study. The study was involved (80) participants, only (36) were involved in this study and divided into two groups patients with nephropathy (23) and diabetic nephropathy (13) with age (20-65years) and BMI (19 -29 kg/m2). All these patients were diagnosed by nephrologist conducted in nephrology Clinic at al-Emma al Sadeq Hospital and AL Hila teaching hospital in Hila city and Department of biochemistry in Collage of Medicine at University of Babylon from October 2022 to March 2023. In current study measured the glucose, urea, creatinine, GFR, BTP, LFABP, salivary hydroxyl and amide bands. The glucose, urea and creatinine measured by caloric spectrophotometry (CECIL CE2021), the BTP and LFABP measured by Elisa (biotekELx50) also salivary hydroxyl and amide bands measured by FT-IR (Bruker) Tensor27. The study showed non-significant differences for (age, and BMI) between patients with nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Also in the current study the result show a significant differences of glucose, creatinine and GFR and a non-significant of urea. On the other hand the result show non-significant increase of BTP, LFABP and salivary hydroxyl and amide bands between studied groups. In conclusion, the BTP and LFABP are linked with GFR and are thought to be indicated presence of renal impairment regardless of glucose effect.