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Dr. Elham Hoominfar
Utah State University

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0 Dams
0 Iran
0 Power
0 Sustainability
0 Local Communities

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Research article
Published: 15 March 2021 in International Feminist Journal of Politics
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This article examines the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) in marginalizing women in the labor market and applies Gramsci’s theory of hegemony to analyze the gender-class characteristics of the women’s labor market in Iran in the post-revolution era. To illustrate the existing gap between the female education rate and female employment after 1979, we have used national data on female education and female participation in the labor market and conducted a secondary analysis of the findings of other studies on women’s labor in Iran. Although the IRI has limited women’s participation in both education and the labor market, the most significant exclusion of women has occurred in the latter. While the influence of Islamic hegemony in this Muslim country legitimized the IRI in the early post-revolution years, this ideology has gradually weakened over the last two decades. This may facilitate the development of a counter-hegemony that can initiate a conscious, collective, and systematic resistance to the ruling Islamic ideology. However, other elements will be needed to conceive of and implement a counter-hegemonic praxis rooted in the current war of position.

ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar; Nikzad Zanganeh. The brick wall to break: women and the labor market under the hegemony of the Islamic Republic of Iran. International Feminist Journal of Politics 2021, 23, 263 -286.

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar, Nikzad Zanganeh. The brick wall to break: women and the labor market under the hegemony of the Islamic Republic of Iran. International Feminist Journal of Politics. 2021; 23 (2):263-286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar; Nikzad Zanganeh. 2021. "The brick wall to break: women and the labor market under the hegemony of the Islamic Republic of Iran." International Feminist Journal of Politics 23, no. 2: 263-286.

Book chapter
Published: 29 January 2021 in Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
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ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar. Gender Socialization. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2021, 645 -654.

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar. Gender Socialization. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2021; ():645-654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar. 2021. "Gender Socialization." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 645-654.

Research article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Critical Sociology
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In this paper, I apply the typical stages of social movements—emergence, coalescence, and institutionalization—to an Iranian environmental social movement. I show how each of the stages does, or does not, play out in the Iranian case, using interview data and documentary analysis. The first two stages of social movements are achieved in the movement. But, due to a centralized state that uses violence and repression, the movement cannot play on the stage of the dominant narrative’s institutionalization. However, the movement is not in decline. I suggest using the idea of “persistence/resistance” for the last stage rather than institutionalization, as institutionalization may be just a form to assure that social movements will persist. There are other cases like this movement around the world, but there is not a specific argument to challenge the limitations of the dominant narrative. My study helps scholars rethink this narrative according to the context of the countries in their research.

ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar. Social Movements in Iran: How Well Does the Dominant Narrative Work? Critical Sociology 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar. Social Movements in Iran: How Well Does the Dominant Narrative Work? Critical Sociology. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar. 2020. "Social Movements in Iran: How Well Does the Dominant Narrative Work?" Critical Sociology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Sustainability
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In this article, we address the interaction of the Iranian State, an agent of power, with affected village residents, as four dam projects are planned and implemented. Dams, recently positioned as a green energy source, are a central component to Iran’s national development strategies; yet historically their construction has been a source of significant conflict and resistance around the world. We focus on ten villages facing displacement or partial loss of lands at the time of the research, and we answer the question: During dam building and resettlement processes, how have residents experienced their role in decision making and the exercise of state power over them? Through a lens of political ecology, we engage with Lukes’ theory of power to interpret data from 18 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with residents, as well as from 10 interviews with local and state authorities. This case study illustrates how, from the perspectives of residents of rural communities, the Iranian State applies its power over them through multiple, simultaneous means. Coercion, non-decision making, and the withholding of information emerge from analysis as the primary successful mechanisms, while discursive consent-production emerges as largely unsuccessful. We demonstrate how lack of data or other information provision for natural resource development projects can be an important lever the state uses to exercise power, especially when combined with non-decision making. Although all Lukes’ dimensions of power apply to this case, non-decision making was most severe in its experienced effects, as residents suffered from uncertainty and an inability to move forward with individual plans. Our research provides insight into how conflicts over state-sponsored dam building can embody the contest between a sustainable development centered on justice/equity and one centered on economic growth.

ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar; Claudia Radel. Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5476 .

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar, Claudia Radel. Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar; Claudia Radel. 2020. "Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5476.

Reference work
Published: 08 June 2019 in Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
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ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar. Gender Socialization. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2019, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar. Gender Socialization. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 2019; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar. 2019. "Gender Socialization." Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 1-10.