Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs’ and other payloads’ passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.

Background: Alzheimer is a fast growing disease with imprecise chemical treatments. Increased oxidative stress, decrease in acetylcholine concentration, and appearance of amyloidal proteins are reported in pathology of Alzheimer. Chemical drugs are effective but on the cost of detrimental side effects. Purpose: Present research is based on Preparation, characterization, behavioral and biochemical evaluation of brain targeted Piperine solid lipid nanoparticles in an experimentally induced Alzheimer’s model at a low dose of 2 mg/kg. Methods: Piperine solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by Emulsification-Solvent Diffusion technique with polysorbate-80 coating to impart Brain specific targeting. Experimental Ibotenic acid induced Alzheimer’s, Force swimming test, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholenesterase enzymatic assays and also Histopathology of brain cortex was conducted to evaluate the Piperine therapeutic effects in Alzheimer’s Disease. Results: Piperine in solid lipid nanoformulation (2 mg/kg equivalent) reduced the SOD values by 504 ± 44.24 m units, p < 0.05, increased the acetylcholenesterase values by 29.24 ± 4.29 µg/mg, p < 0.01 and reduced immobility to 41.36 ± 3.53 s, p < 0.001 and has shown superior results than Donepezil (5 mg/kg). Histopathology studies revealed the reduced plaques and tangles. Conclusions: P-80-PIP-SLN has shown therapeutic effects in Alzheimer via reducing the oxidative stress and reducing the cholinergic degradation at 2 mg/kg dose equivalent.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), the spheroidal-shaped, colloids state lipophilic-natured, innovative nanoscale particulate materials, are being concurrently prepared by the quality-by-design approach for cellular and sub-cellular delivery of drugs and other payloads with facilitated physicochemical characteristics for targeted delivery. The delivery of drugs, other pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceutical materials, and genes to the diseased body organs, tissues, and cellular mass have been developed as promising nanocarriers for different high-incidence cancers and other disease therapies, including the Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and tuberculosis. SLNs have evolved as favorable lipid-based formulation, and have served as oral and intravenous carriers that targeted the drug with stable and sterile transport, sustained delivery, controlled drug/payload deloading, and requisite biodistributions. SLNs advantages, shortcomings, and bottlenecks have been discussed with plausible remediation strategies. The laboratory-scale and bulk preparations, use of different lipids in various preparation, surface coatings, physicochemical properties of the final product, and characterization protocols are also encompassed, as are the routes of administrations, specific-sites-targeting, and on-site outreach with biocompatibility, bioavailability, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics inputs with relevance to the therapy. Plausible applications in complex and genetic disorders, and as personalized medicine, also of traditional and alternative medicine prospects, are also discussed.

The role and contributions of natural products chemistry in advancements of the physical and biological sciences, its interdisciplinary domains, and emerging of new avenues by providing novel applications, constructive inputs, thrust, comprehensive understanding, broad perspective, and a new vision for future is outlined. The developmental prospects in bio-medical, health, nutrition, and other interrelated sciences along with some of the emerging trends in the subject area are also discussed as part of the current review of the basic and core developments, innovation in techniques, advances in methodology, and possible applications with their effects on the sciences in general and natural products chemistry in particular. The overview of the progress and ongoing developments in broader areas of the natural products chemistry discipline, its role and concurrent economic and scientific implications, contemporary objectives, future prospects as well as impending goals are also outlined. A look at the natural products chemistry in providing scientific progress in various disciplines is deliberated upon.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a newly modified cyclodextrin derivative, water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin (β-CD), as an effective drug carrier to enhance the poor solubility and bioavailability of galangin (GAL), a poorly water-soluble model drug. In this regard, inclusion complexes of GAL/β-CDP were prepared. UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray crystallography (XRD), zeta potential analysis, particle size analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to characterize the synthesized GAL/β-CD. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7; human breast cancer cells) and rat embryo fibroblast (REF; normal cells) were employed to examine the in vitro cytotoxic effects of GAL/β-CD using various parameters. The dye-based tests of MTT and crystal violet clearly exhibited that GAL/β-CD-treated cells had a reduced proliferation rate, an influence that was not found in the normal cell line. The cells’ death was found to follow apoptotic mechanisms, as revealed by the dye-based test of acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr), with the involvement of the mitochondria via caspase-3-mediated events, as manifested by the Rh 123 test. We also included a mouse model to examine possible in vivo toxic effects of GAL/β-CD. It appears that the inclusion complex does not have a significant influence on normal cells, as indicated by serum levels of kidney and liver enzymatic markers, as well as thymic and splenic mass indices. A similar conclusion was reached on the histological level, as manifested by the absence of pathological alterations in the liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, heart, and lung.