Background: The diabetes mellitus prevalence is rapidly increasing in most parts of the world and has become a vital health problem. Probiotic and herbal foods are valuable in the treatment of diabetes. Methods and performance: In this study, Bacillus licheniformis (BL) and Astragalus membranaceus extract (AE) were given with food to InR^[E19]/TM2 Drosophila melanogaster, and the blood glucose, antioxidation activity and intestinal microbiota were investigated. The obtained results showed that BA (BL and AE combination) supplementation markedly decreased the blood glucose concentration compared with the standard diet control group, accompanied by significantly increased enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), decreased MDA levels and prolonged lifespan of InR^[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster. The treatments with BL, AE and BA also ameliorated intestinal microbiota equilibrium by increasing the population of Lactobacillus and significantly decreasing the abundance of Wolbachia. In addition, clearly different evolutionary clusters were found among the control, BL, AE and BA-supplemented diets, and the beneficial microbiota, Lactobacillaceae and Acetobacter, were found to be significantly increased in male flies that were fed BA. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with AE combined with BL not only decreased blood glucose but also extended the lifespan, with CAT increasing, MDA decreasing, and intestinal microbiota improving in InR^[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that dietary supplementation with BL and AE, under the synergistic effect of BL and AE, not only prolonged the lifespan of InR^[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster, increased body weight, and improved the body’s antiaging enzyme activity but also effectively improved the types and quantities of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora of InR^[E19]/TM2 D. melanogaster to improve the characteristics of diabetes symptoms. This study provides scientific evidence for a safe and effective dietary therapeutic method for diabetes mellitus.

A Gram-negative,rod-shaped,non-motile,non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium(strain JLT01) was isolated from a sediment sample of Jilantai salt lake in Inner Mongolia,China.The strain grew optimally at 30 ℃,pH 7.5,10%~12%(m/V) NaCl and 3.0%(m/V) Mg2+.The strain JLT-01 used glucose,sucrose,galactose as carbon and energy sources.The contents of the two major cellular fatty acids,C16:0 and C18:1ω9c,were 26.39% and 20.30% of the total fatty acids,respectively.The genomic DNA(G+C) content was 52.3%(mole fraction).Phylogeneticanalysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strainJLT-01 was closely related to Marinobacter lipolyticus SM19T(98.0% sequence similarity) and other recognized species withinthe genus Marinobacter(96.0%~99.0%).The level of DNA–DNArelatedness between strain JLT-01 and M.lipolyticus DSM15157 wasless than 70%.Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented,strain JLT-01 was considered to represent a new strain of thegenus Marinobacter.