Gleb Makshakov

Dr. Gleb Makshakov

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Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

12Years (2015-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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25 November 2015 in PLOS ONE
Verified
Journal Article
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GMGleb Makshakov
Gleb Makshakov
VNVladimir Nazarov
Vladimir Nazarov
OKOlga Kochetova
Olga Kochetova
ESElena Surkova
Elena Surkova
SLSergey Lapin
Sergey Lapin
EEEvgeniy Evdoshenko
Evgeniy Evdoshenko
In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid free light chains (CSF FLC) at the time of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We compared FLC-parameters at the moment of CIS in patients with conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) after 2 years (CIS-MS), patients who remained stable both clinically and radiologically after 2 years (CIS-nonMS), patients with non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (NIND) as a comparison group and patients with other inflammatory neurologic diseases (IND) with intrathecal oligoclonal bands (OCB) synthesis. ROC-analysis was conducted to define FLC-assay characteristics and cut-off values. We also compared FLC-concentrations in CIS patients to determine their OCB-status. A correlation analysis was performed between FLC-concentrations and the expanded disability scale score (EDSS), annualized relapse rate (ARR) and MRI-activity (i.e., number of new and gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions) in patients. The levels of kappa-FLC (k-FLCCSF) and lambda-FLC (λ-FLCCSF) as well as kappa- and lambda-quotients (Q-k and Q-λ) were elevated in CIS-MS compared to the CIS-nonMS and NIND groups. These levels did not differ significantly when compared with the IND group. We identified several patients with high k-FLCCSF and λ-FLCCSF in OCB-negative CIS and IND groups. The level of k-FLCCSF production was significantly higher in OCB-positive patients in the CIS-MS group compared to the CIS-nonMS group. The concentrations of k-FLCCSF and Q-k in the CIS-MS group showed significant correlation with the level of EDSS after 2 years (k-FLC: r = 0.4477,p = 0.0016; Q-k: r = 0.4621, p = 0.0016). λ-FLCCSF and Q-λ inversely correlated with the number of Gd+ lesions (CSF λ-FLC: r = -0.3698, p = 0.0223; Q-λ: r = -0.4527, p = 0.0056). The concentration of CSF FLC predicts conversion to MS within 2 years following CIS. OCB-positive patients with an early conversion have a higher concentration of CSF-FLC. We have also shown a prognostic significance of k-FLCCSF for future EDSS-progression.

4 June 2020 in Brain Sciences
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MBMarina Kleopatra Boziki
Marina Kleopatra Boziki
AMAlexios-Fotios Mentis
Alexios-Fotios Mentis
MSMaria Shumilina
Maria Shumilina
GMGleb Makshakov
Gleb Makshakov
EEEvgeniy Evdoshenko
Evgeniy Evdoshenko
NGNikolaos Grigoriadis
Nikolaos Grigoriadis
In the frame of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 potential neuroinvasion placed neurologists on increased alertness in order to assess early neurological manifestations and their potentially prognostic value for the COVID-19 disease. Moreover, the management of chronic neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), underwent guided modifications, such as an Extended Interval Dose (EID) of Disease-Modifying Treatment (DMT) administration, in order to minimize patients’ exposure to the health system, thus reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize existing evidence of key immune pathways that the SARS-CoV-2 modifies during COVID-19 and the relevant implication for MS and other autoimmune diseases with associated demyelination (such as Systemic lupus erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome), including the context of potential neuroinvasion by SARS-Cov-2 and the alterations that DMT induces to the immune system. Moreover we hereby aim to provide an overview of the possible consequences that COVID-19 may carry for the Central Nervous System (CNS) in People with MS (PwMS) and other demyelinating diseases, which are likely to pose challenges for treating Neurologists with respect to the long-term disease management of these diseases.

2 October 2017 in Neurology Research International
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Journal Article
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GMGleb Makshakov
Gleb Makshakov
EMEvgeniy Magonov
Evgeniy Magonov
NTNatalia Totolyan
Natalia Totolyan
VNVladimir Nazarov
Vladimir Nazarov
SLSergey V. Lapin
Sergey V. Lapin
EEEvgeniy Evdoshenko
Evgeniy Evdoshenko
Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a newly recognized possible biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with MS progression and cortical atrophy. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of LMCE foci and their impact on neurodegeneration and disability. Materials. 54 patients with MS were included in the study. LMCE were detected with a 3 Tesla scanner on postcontrast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequence. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, number of relapses during 5 years from MS onset, and number of contrast-enhancing lesions on T1 weighted MRI were counted. Results. LMCE was detected in 41% (22/54) of patients. LMCE-positive patients had longer disease duration (p=0,0098) and higher EDSS score (p=0,039), but not a higher relapse rate (p=0,091). No association of LMCE with higher frequency of contrast-enhancing lesions on T1-weighted images was detected (p=0,3842). Analysis of covariates, adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration, revealed a significant effect of LMCE on the cortex volume (p=0.043, F=2.529), the total grey matter volume (p=0.043, F=2.54), and total ventricular volume (p=0.039, F=2.605). Conclusions. LMCE was shown to be an independent and significant biomarker of grey matter atrophy and disability in MS.

1 October 2016 in Neurotherapeutics
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ABAlexey Belogurov
Alexey Belogurov
Konstantin ZakharovKonstantin Zakharov
Konstantin Zakharov
YLYakov Lomakin
Yakov Lomakin
KSKirill Surkov
Kirill Surkov
SASergey Avtushenko
Sergey Avtushenko
EEEvgeniy Evdoshenko
Evgeniy Evdoshenko
Previously, we showed that CD206-targeted liposomal delivery of co-encapsulated immunodominant myelin basic protein (MBP) sequences MBP46–62, MBP124–139 and MBP147–170 (Xemys) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in dark Agouti rats. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of Xemys in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and secondary progressive MS, who failed to achieve a sustained response to first-line disease-modifying therapies. In this phase I, open-label, dose-escalating, proof-of-concept study, 20 patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS received weekly subcutaneously injections with ascending doses of Xemys up to a total dose of 2.675 mg. Clinical examinations, including Expanded Disability Status Scale score, magnetic resonance imaging results, and serum cytokine concentrations, were assessed before the first injection and for up to 17 weeks after the final injection. Xemys was safe and well tolerated when administered for 6 weeks to a maximum single dose of 900 μg. Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and numbers of T2-weighted and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were statistically unchanged at study exit compared with baseline; nonetheless, the increase of number of active gadolinium-enhancing lesions on weeks 7 and 10 in comparison with baseline was statistically significant. During treatment, the serum concentrations of the cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and interleukin-7 decreased, whereas the level of tumor necrosis factor-α increased. These results provide evidence for the further development of Xemys as an antigen-specific, disease-modifying therapy for patients with MS.

30 June 2015 in Medical Immunology (Russia)
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Journal Article
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VNVladimir Nazarov
Vladimir Nazarov
SLS. V. Lapin
S. V. Lapin
ESE. A. Surkova
E. A. Surkova
EEE. P. Evdoshenko
E. P. Evdoshenko
GMGleb Makshakov
Gleb Makshakov
ATAreg Artemovich Totolian
Areg Artemovich Totolian
Рассеянный склероз представляет собой аутоиммунное прогрессирующее нейродегенеративное заболевание центральной нервной системы. Повышенный интратекальный синтез иммуноглобулинов, а также появление олигоклональных антител в цереброспинальной жидкости являются основными иммунологическими проявлениями рассеянного склероза. Свободные легкие цепи представляют собой фрагменты иммуноглобулинов различных фракций, синтезирующиеся параллельно олигоклональным антителам и отражающие общую величину синтеза иммуноглобулинов в центральной нервной системе. Поскольку свободные легкие цепи способны пассивно проникать через гематоэнцефалический барьер, используются коэффициенты, которые позволяют нормализовать концентрации свободных легких цепей в цереброспинальной жидкости в зависимости от их сывороточной концентрации и проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера. Цель исследования состояла в оценке информативности определения показателей интратекального синтеза свободных легких цепей при рассеянном склерозе. В исследовании принимали участие 151 пациент. Пациенты были разделены на три группы: первая группа (n = 33) – пациенты с клинически изолированным синдромом, который конвертировался в рассеянный склероз, вторая (n = 92) – пациенты с рассеянным склерозом. Третью группу (группу сравнения) составили пациенты с воспалительными и невоспалительными заболеваниями нервной системы (n = 26). У пациентов были определены следующие показатели: клональность иммуноглобулинов в цереброспинальной жидкости, концентрация свободных легких цепей каппа и лямбда в цереброспинальной жидкости, их коэффициенты и индексы, а также отношение концентрации каппа цепей к лямбда в цереброспинальной жидкости. Нами было обнаружено, что в цереброспинальной жидкости у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом преобладает синтез каппа-цепей. Кроме этого, у пациентов с положительным результатом теста на олигоклональные антитела концентрация свободных легких цепей была статистически значимо выше, чем у пациентов с отсутствием интратекального олигоклонального синтеза. Также было показано, что наиболее ценным диагностическим маркером является коэффициент каппа-цепей. Его использование вместе с оценкой клональности синтеза иммуноглобулинов на 42% уменьшало количество ложноотрицательных результатов. Вне зависимости от других факторов повышенные значения коэффициента каппа цепей в 7,7 раз увеличивали вероятность диагноза рассеянного склероза. Также проведенные расчеты показали, что концентрация свободных легких цепей лямбда в цереброспинальной жидкости обратно коррелировала со скоростью конверсии клинически изолированного синдрома в рассеянный склероз. Таким образом, расчет показателей свободных легких цепей позволяет повысить точность диагностики и оценку тяжести течения рассеянного склероза.

1 December 2018 in Immunologic Research
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VNVladimir Nazarov
Vladimir Nazarov
GMGleb Makshakov
Gleb Makshakov
IKIvan Kalinin
Ivan Kalinin
SLSergey Lapin
Sergey Lapin
ESElena Surkova
Elena Surkova
EEEvgeniy Evdoshenko
Evgeniy Evdoshenko